First-year Course Research Articles

Incoming First-Year Student Information Literacy Assessment

A survey of incoming FHSU first-year students was distributed in 2020 and 2021 as the beginning of a longitudinal mixed-methods assessment of the information literacy skills students have when they first arrive at FHSU. Survey questions were designed around strengths-based and constructivist pedagogy, assessing students' existing knowledge to reveal appropriate starting points for library instruction in large-enrollment first-year courses. Survey questions were phrased as research scenarios assessing the skills of evaluating information, identifying source type, and conducting research strategies. Not enough data was collected during Fall 2020 to be statistically significant, however, the Fall 2021 survey resulted in 564 responses yielding a statistically significant sample size of the incoming class. Only data from Fall 2021 is reported. The results corroborated several similar studies finding that students self-report high confidence levels in their information literacy skills, yet vary on how accurately they performed those skills. The survey participants were most accurate at performing tasks of evaluating information, moderately accurate when identifying the appropriate information type for a specific research scenario, and somewhat accurate when constructing a research strategy.

Imperfect and Flexible: Using Trauma-Informed Practice to Guide Instruction

The rapid shift to online courses at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities (UMN) in spring 2020 prompted a change in the way instruction librarians worked with faculty and students. The librarians adopted a trauma-informed approach that provided students with a sense of stability, agency, and connection to the university and one another. UMN librarians increased the variety and number of online library workshops, reused content in new ways for online orientation and instruction, and created a choose-your-own-adventure e-book for first-year courses. After a chaosfilled year, the authors share their plans, progress, successes, failures, and hopes for the future.

Taking the Long View

Abstract This article discusses how the concept of undergraduate research has evolved from an artificial academic exercise, typically introduced in first-year composition courses, to an authentic activity that engages students in primary research. Through these authentic experiences, students have opportunities to learn why research is valued in colleges and universities, to see themselves as makers of knowledge, and often to contribute to their communities.

Lessons learned about the application of adaptive testing in several first-year university courses

Lessons learned about the application of adaptive testing in several first-year university courses

My biochemical journey from a Cambridge undergraduate to the discovery of phosphotyrosine

The most notable moment in my career as a biochemist was the discovery of phosphotyrosine, a somewhat serendipitous finding that turned out to have some very important consequences, notably, in human cancer. My career as a biochemist which has spanned nearly 60 years, began when I was 16. At the time, I was in the sixth form at Felsted School, a boarding school in Essex England, and my biology master, David Sturdy, elected to teach me some extracurricular biochemistry, giving me one-on-one tutorials on glycolysis and the TCA cycle. These early biochemistry lessons turned out to be invaluable because I was able to regurgitate them to answer a question in the University of Cambridge scholarship exam in the autumn of 1960. As a result, I was lucky enough to be awarded an Exhibition at Gonville and Caius College, the college where my father had studied for a medical degree during World War II. When I arrived in Cambridge in October 1962 to read natural sciences (see Figure 1), it was a natural choice to take biochemistry as one of my three required first-year courses. The Part I biochemistry course was taught by a series of excellent lecturers, including Philip Randle (a prominent diabetes researcher who described the Randle Cycle), Brian Chappell (who discovered mitochondrial transporters) and Asher Korner (a pioneer of cell free systems to study protein synthesis). It quickly became clear that biochemistry was an exciting subject, and Brian Chappell, my biochemistry supervisor at Caius, made supervisions a lot of fun. I also took Part I courses in invertebrate zoology and, importantly, organic chemistry, which gave me insights into how the metabolites we were learning about in biochemistry worked as chemicals.

Seeking Alternatives: How Task Instruction Affects Comprehension of Texts with Conflicting Information

This study investigated whether task instruction affected comprehension of multiple conflicting-view texts after controlling for a number of individual difference variables and whether the effects of task instruction varied as a result of post-reading assessment tasks. Recruited from a First-Year Composition course, 64 participants received a task instruction that set the goal of seeking an alternative explanation and reframed argument as a process of conversation and exploration. Multiple-text comprehension was measured by a synthesis writing task and an argument writing task. The results showed that participants given the instruction outperformed participants in the control condition, as reflected in their argument writing. Among the control variables, beliefs about argumentation, need for cognition and topic interest were positively correlated with comprehension measures. These results highlight the importance of cultivating divergent thinking of multiple perspectives rather than dichotomous thinking of pros and cons. Pedagogical implications are discussed.

Video killed the multiple-choice quiz: capturing pharmacy students’ literature searching skills using a screencast video assignment

Background:In a flipped, required first-year drug information course, students were taught the systematic approach to answering drug information questions, commonly utilized resources, and literature searching. As co-coordinator, a librarian taught three weeks of the course focused on mobile applications, development of literature searching skills, and practicing in PubMed. Course assignments were redesigned in 2019 based on assessment best practices and replaced weekly multiple-choice quizzes used in prior iterations of the course.Case Presentation:Following two weeks of literature searching instruction, students were assigned a drug information question that would serve as the impetus for the search they conducted. Students (n=66) had one week to practice and record a screencast video of their search in PubMed. Students narrated their video with an explanation of the actions being performed and were assessed using a twenty-point rubric created by the course coordinator and librarian. The librarian also created general feedback videos for each question by recording screencasts while performing the literature searches and clarifying troublesome aspects for students. The librarian spent about twenty-four hours grading and six hours writing scripts, recording, and editing feedback videos.Conclusion:Most students performed well on the assignment and few experienced technical difficulties. Instructors will use this assignment and feedback method in the future. Screencast videos proved an innovative way to assess student knowledge and to provide feedback on literature searching assignments. This method is transferrable to any medical education setting and could be used across all health professions to improve information literacy skills.

Beyond comprehension: Reading requirements in first-year undergraduate courses

English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses play an important role in preparing EAL (English as an Additional Language) learners for their university studies. Reading skills hold a significant place in such preparation courses because they are foundational skills. EAP pedagogy and research on reading have largely focused on reading comprehension skills. While these skills are necessary to include in instruction programs, at university more complex skills of reading are required (Enright et al., 2000; Grabe & Stoller, 2019). Our research was conducted at one New Zealand university to understand the reading types, reading load, and reading requirements in first-year courses in humanities and social sciences. Close analysis suggests that in addition to textbooks and textbook chapters, academic book chapters and journal articles take up a considerable proportion of university readings, and the reading load is also quite high. Interviews with lecturers suggest that reading comprehension is important but not sufficient for course writing assignments. Students need to critically engage with the readings, write their assignments based on the course readings, and reflect the readings in their written assignments. The study discusses implications for reading research and pedagogy. Further, suggestions are made for EAP reading instruction and reading assessment tasks.

You-Pick-5: 1-Experience, 1-Slide, 1-Minute

The purpose of this article is to discuss the You-Pick-5: 1-Experience, 1-Slide, 1-Minute learning strategy, which draws from the concepts of co-curricular involvement, classroom engagement, and transferable skills. This learning strategy is unique in that it blends academic concepts with student-selected co-curricular activities and intentionally fosters the development of transferable skills like communication, critical thinking, technological proficiency, and professionalism. The learning strategy was developed for use in a first-year college course focused on the concepts of happiness and success within the realms of work, play, and education.

T ransitioning a L arge Biology Class from a n i n Person t o a n Online Exam During the COVID 19 Pandemic

As occurred in many Universities worldwide, the response to the COVID-19 pandemic required us, professors at Western University (London, Canada), to quickly convert a first-year biology course with over 1200 enrolled students from an in-classroom format to an on-line format. This transition included the course exams. While the first multiple-choice exam in February 2020 was in-person and proctored, we changed the second multiple-choice exam in March 2020 so that it was completed by students online at home without a proctor. We had concerns about this online conversion, including whether the grades would represent student understanding of the course material when access to peers and other resources during the exam was not monitored. In this report we show student scores on the online exam were highly correlated with their prior in-person exam. A similar correlation was observed with prior first-year students who took similar exams in February and March 2019 which were both in-person and proctored. These results provide some reassurance that it is possible to rapidly transition the delivery of an exam from an in-person format to an online format without compromising the exam process.

Inquiry-Based Learning in the Context of a Common Read Program Encourages Desired Learning Outcomes in First-Year Writing Courses

ABSTRACT This action research case study on a Common Read Program (CRP) includes analysis of learning management system-mediated student writing and research writing connected to a Common Read selection in First-Year Writing courses. A priori codes drawn from the literature on desired learning goals and outcomes for CRPs and Writing Program Administrators (WPA) outcomes are applied to student writing with the purpose of investigating whether or not inquiry-based learning opportunities yield desired CRP curricular outcomes. Results address the paucity of empirically-supported pedagogical approaches to CRPs and illustrate examples of how to elicit desired outcomes through a set of inquiry-based assignments. Finally, the paper shares researcher reflections on needs connected to successful integration of Common Read selections.

The Role of Applied Mechanics in Bridging the Gaps in Prior Learning for Aspirants of Engineering Education

Building a technology-driven world appears to be the main motivational force behind students choosing to undertake engineering studies. The first year of engineering education plays a significant role in demonstrating sufficient mathematical and scientific rigor to satisfy these motivational factors. The common applied mechanics courses play a central role in achieving this. At the same time, a vast majority of students suffer from a lack of the necessary mathematical skills and analytical orientation for various reasons. Due to different educational philosophies and teaching pedagogies, a lack of proper integration between mathematics and applied mechanics is common. Several efforts were made to build better curriculum, teaching, and learning systems, resulting in widely varied solutions, but most of them require drastically different implementation approaches. With sufficient rigor in teaching and assessment, the first-year applied mechanics (common) courses designed for engineering students can solve students’ mathematical and motivational lapses and help bridge the gaps between pre-university and university education endeavours. This paper presents evidence supporting this argument. In particular, datasets collected from the direct experiences delivering the first-year static and dynamics courses to many students over the past decade and a half are analysed to establish the proposition.

Your online textbook is ready: a shareable, interactive online textbook in response to COVID-19 lockdowns

This article discusses the development of an interactive online textbook for undergraduate teaching, in response to moving teaching online due to COVID-19. The development took place initially for a university with less than 5% of students studying online in 2019. The online textbook was incorporated into a large, diverse, multidisciplinary and predominantly first-year undergraduate research design and statistics course. Digital tools were embedded into the textbook to facilitate student engagement in lieu of face-to-face contact, including online crosswords for low-level statistical literacy, drop-and-drag activities, screencasts, exercises, animations, and videos. The textbook was prepared in markdown format. This approach allows for instant updating of material and provides focussed URLs that educators can use to point students directly to specific learning outcomes. Despite the textbook being developed in response to restricted teaching conditions, it has provided a cost-effective resource, targeted at teaching research design and basic statistics concepts, interpretation, and communication. Having returned to face-to-face teaching, the text is now fully integrated into the course. Importantly, the online textbook is freely available for other educators to use, either in its existing form, or by forking (on Github) the textbook sources to create a bespoke online textbook for other courses.

Increasing student engagement using an Amazing Race–style competition

Background:Game-based learning is a successful strategy for teaching various concepts to students, from general orientations to more in-depth material. Pharmacy students in a first-year lab course were introduced to library and drug information resources through a lecture-style class in their first week of school, which was ineffective in terms of engagement. To combat this issue, the pharmacy liaison librarian advocated for moving this class session later in the semester and proposed a game-based activity to replace the lecture.Case Presentation:“The Amazing Race: Drug Information Edition” was inspired by a well-known TV competition that involves completing several stages (called “legs”) of challenges to finish the race. The librarian developed questions designed to make students use various parts of the library website as well as two drug information databases. Students competed in teams, and the first three teams to complete the race were awarded small prizes. The race was first implemented in 2018, and modifications were made to the 2019 iteration based on student feedback.Conclusions:Despite several challenges, the race was well received by both the students and the course instructors and increased engagement with introductory library and drug information material. The activity has enhanced the librarian's relationship and collaboration with the course faculty and made a positive impression on the students.

From children's ideas to prototypes for the internet of things: a case study of cross-generational end-user design

ABSTRACT A smart bracelet that reacts to a person's heartbeat. A smart bench that invites passers-by to sit close. These and others are smart things, part of the Internet of Things (IoT) and people's lives. However, people are mainly IoT consumers and rarely given the possibility of becoming IoT creators. This paper presents a case study concerning the design of smart things for outdoor environments, with end users as the main creators. Ideas of smart things were collaboratively conceptualised by child end-users with a card-based board game. Their ideas were taken up in the form of inspiration cards within a bachelor's first-year course, by students coming from different high schools. Students started from children's ideas as inspiration triggers and collaboratively evolved some of them into interactive smart-thing prototypes. The paper concludes by reflecting on its results and drawing lessons for future editions of cross-generational workshops related to IoT design with end users.

Social Work Education in the Shadow of Confederate Statues and the Specter of White Supremacy

Driven by our code of ethics and our call to reckon with our embeddedness within a white supremacist institution in the US South, the UNC-Chapel Hill School of Social Work re-visioned our approach to the MSW curriculum. Using case study methods, we trace our history and on-going work through interviews, document review, and community conversations, centering student voices. Students interviewed spoke about activism prompted by racist events on campus and nationally, and the inadequate response from the administration. Their efforts led to school-wide initiatives including curriculum shifts and accountability and action. The first-year generalist course, Confronting Oppression and Institutional Discrimination was restructured and resituated. Critical Race Theory was infused across the coursework. Two new working groups were created: The Anti-Racism Task Force and Reconciliation Standing Committee. Efforts to address racism and white supremacy in academic spaces require sustained activism to expose how racism is embedded within our institutions. While much work remains in the practice of becoming an antiracist institution, this model can serve as a prototype for others as they work to create programs that are site-specific and universally reflective of the institutional changes we need.

Motivations for Continued Use of Critical Thinking Skills among First-Year Seminar Graduates

Many first-year seminar courses, as well as other programs aimed at first-year undergraduate students, actively incorporate critical thinking into the curriculum. What factors motivate students who purposefully develop these critical thinking skills to continue using them during subsequent semesters? This article discusses results of a study on this topic. Twenty-four students participated in a study approximately one semester after completing a first-year seminar at their university. The study uses mixed methods to (a) discuss students’ self-reported responses regarding nine potential motivating factors for continuing use of critical thinking skills, (b) examine correlations with critical thinking performance on a writing sample, and (c) briefly compare students’ self-reported motivating factors for continued use of critical thinking skills with parallel self-reported motivating factors for continued use of information literacy skills. The article ends with recommendations for applying the findings in the undergraduate classroom.

Evidence-Based Course Modification to Support Learner-Centered and Student-Driven Teaching in A Pandemic: Leveraging Digital and Physical Space for Accessible, Equitable, and Motivating Experiential Learning and Scientific Inquiry in A First-Year Biology Course

The COVID-19 pandemic posed, and continues to pose, many challenges to teaching and learning, most notably the need to pivot from traditional in-person course instruction and experiences to entirely virtual course delivery while maintaining course rigor and quality. Our guiding principle for course modification was the critical need for an equitable, accessible, engaging, and motivating learning experience for students that maintained the learning outcomes and objectives of the course in a fully virtual and digitized format. This paper illustrates the evidence-based approach that the instructional team of a first-year biology experiential learning course took in response to the need for instruction to occur in virtual space and time for the Fall 2020 (September to December 2020) semester.

Insights into Student Cognition: Creative Exercises as an Evaluation Tool in Undergraduate First-year Organic Chemistry

It is known that while students can be adept at recalling specific information, especially in end of semester summative exams, they can still often struggle to connect or link this information over different topic areas. In many cases, this issue is exacerbated by traditional assessments and teaching styles that focus on and reward students who have only interacted with the learning materials on a more surface level. Many attempts have been made over time to rectify this, with one such example shown in the use of Creative Exercises (CEs). CEs are open-ended tasks that allow students to connect as much prior knowledge as possible into one cohesive response, potentially developing a student’s ability to link and connect disparate topic areas and content. In this study, CEs were introduced into a large scale first-year course and focused on fundamental organic chemistry reactions for the first time (to the best of our knowledge). Students performed the CEs in groups, and the paper responses were collected over six weeks (N=945 in total). Analysis of these artefacts revealed that students did indeed struggle to connect information over subsequent teaching weeks. This inability to connect information was despite being encouraged to do so both by the tasks and the teaching staff. Additionally, while more ‘advanced’ students (as noted by prior performance) were noted to raise more topics in a given week, they were just as susceptible to ‘siloing’ the information as lower-performing students. Recommendations are made on the future use of CEs.

The Student-Generated Reasoning Tool (SGRT): Linking medical knowledge and clinical reasoning in preclinical education

Introduction The simultaneous integration of knowledge acquisition and development of clinical reasoning in preclinical medical education remains a challenge. To help address this challenge, the authors developed and implemented the Student-Generated Reasoning Tool (SGRT)—a tool asking students to propose and justify pathophysiological hypotheses, generate findings, and critically appraise information. Methods In 2019, students in a first-year preclinical course (n = 171; SGRT group) were assigned to one of 20 teams. Students used the SGRT individually, then in teams, and faculty provided feedback. The control group (n = 168) consisted of students from 2018 who did not use SGRT. Outcomes included academic performance, effectiveness of collaborative environments using the SGRT, and student feedback. Results Students were five times more likely to get questions correct if they were in the SGRT group versus control group. Accuracy of pathophysiological hypotheses was significantly lower for individuals than teams. Qualitative analysis indicated students benefited from generating their own data, justifying their reasoning, and working individually as well as in teams. Conclusions This study introduces the SGRT as a potentially engaging, case-based, and collaborative learning method that may help preclinical medical students become aware of their knowledge gaps and integrate their knowledge in basic and clinical sciences in the context of clinical reasoning.