First Stage Of Labor Research Articles

OXYTOCIN RELEASED FROM BACK MASSAGE EXTENDS CONTRACTIONS IN THE FIRST STAGE OF LABOR: EVIDENCE-BASED CASE REPORT (EBCR)

Introduction: Maternal health is a key indicator of community welfare as measured by the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). One of the problems with maternal mortality is caused by prolonged labor. Non-pharmacological action in the form of back massage is an important consideration in health services that can be utilized more optimally. This evidence-based case report aims to find out the effectiveness of back massage to increase contractions in the active phase of the first stage of labor. Method: Article search using Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. Found 2 articles chosen one according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and has been screened previously, then reviewed critically. Result: Based on studies by Kursih Sulastriningsih, et al and Adinda Putri Sari Dewi, et al, it was found that back massage is effective in increased contractions in the first stage of labor in the active phase. Conclusion: Back massage will speed up the work of the parasympathetic nerves in stimulating the posterior pituitary to release oxytocin which can have a relaxing effect. The relaxation experienced by the mother stimulates the brain to reduce levels of the hormone adrenaline and increase the production of oxytocin, which is a factor in producing adequate uterine contractions. Having adequate contractions can cause the cervix to flatten and open. Back massage has been suggested as an effective, inexpensive, non-pharmacological way to induce labor and increase contractions to speed up the progress of labor.

Effect of Jasmine Oil Back Massage on Pain Intensity among Primigravidae during the First Stage of Labor

Effect of Jasmine Oil Back Massage on Pain Intensity among Primigravidae during the First Stage of Labor

Outcomes and factors influencing the second stage of labour in singleton deliveries

Objective: To define the characteristics of the second stage of labour and the outcomes of labour. Study design: The study includes 725 cases of pregnant monitored during the second stage of labour at the Obstetrics Centers of Hue Central Hospital and the Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from January 2022 to August 2023. Inclusion criteria: Singleton pregnancy, cephalic presentation, gestational age between 37 and 41 weeks 6 days, height ≥ 145 cm. Exclusion criteria: Category 2 and 3 cardiotocography (CTG) during the first stage of labour, refusal to participate in the study. Methodology is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a convenient sample size. Results: The average duration of the second stage was 51.73 ± 22.55 minutes. The mean duration for vaginal deliveries was 46.45 ± 16.27 minutes, instrumental deliveries were 48.89 ± 22.65 minutes, and cesarean sections were 59.86 ± 28.75 minutes (p < 0.05). Vaginal deliveries constituted 87.5%, cesarean sections 10.4%, and instrumental deliveries 2.2%. Non-engagement of the fetal head in the second stage was associated with a 19.5 higher risk of instrumental or cesarean delivery compared to engaged presentations (p < 0.05). Occurrence of transverse or posterior positions had a 6.4 higher intervention rate for instrumental or cesarean deliveries than anterior positions (p < 0.05). Less than 3 contractions during the second stage increased the risk of cesarean or instrumental delivery by 5.5 times compared to those with ≥ 3 contractions (p < 0.05). Key words: Second stage of labour, cesarean delivery, instrumental delivery, fetal presentation.

Effect of Competency-Based Education on Maternity Nurses' Performance and Quality of Care regarding Management of First Stage of Labor

Effect of Competency-Based Education on Maternity Nurses' Performance and Quality of Care regarding Management of First Stage of Labor

Weight Gain During Pregnancy Based on Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index with Duration of Labor

Chronic Energy Deficiency and being overweight in pregnancy is a severe problem because it could cause many risks in labor. This study aimed to determine the association between weight gain during pregnancy based on Body Mass Index before pregnancy with the duration of labor. The type of research was analytical observational with a cross-sectional approach. Thirty respondents used the quota sampling technique. The Spearman-rank test showed a significant value of 0,039, so there was a significant relationship between weight gain during pregnancy and the duration of the first stage of labor in the latent phase. The significant value was 0,016, indicating a relationship between weight gain during pregnancy and the duration of the first stage of labor in the active phase. However, a significant value of more than 0,05 in the variable duration of the second, third, and fourth stages of labor. So, it was necessary to monitor weight gain and provide counseling on the impact of excessive weight gain during labor. In addition, women with excessive weight gain should be given more time during the first stage because the duration in the second until the fourth stage of labor would generally run so that it could reduce unnecessary interventions.

Hydrotherapy in Pain Management in Pregnant Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Background: the benefits of water are significant during the birth process. Improved maternal experience of labor, less use of epidurals, better pain management, shorter labor, and a greater sense of control are observed during the birth process. Objective: This report aims to determine the benefits of hydrotherapy in clinical childbirth approaches and its applicability in pain control. Methods: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials selected from various databases with no publication date limits was conducted, comparing groups that did not use hydrotherapy with groups that did during labor. Results: Seven articles met the inclusion criteria, with five articles using hot water immersion and two using hot water shower as hydrotherapy treatments. This study identified 840 participants, with the intervention groups including 417 term pregnant women and the control groups including 423 pregnant women. The effect size of hydrotherapy on pain was calculated using the visual analog scale in five articles and analgesic use in the other two articles. Hydrotherapy significantly reduced pain during labor with a mean difference of -0.97 (95% CI: -1.91 to -0.03; I2 = 97.32%, p < 0.001). The duration of the first stage of labor was not significantly affected, with a mean difference of -0.17 h (95% CI: -0.55 to 0.21; I2 = 56.75%, p = 0.059). Additionally, hydrotherapy did not significantly impact the newborns' Apgar scores at 5 min, with a mean difference of 0.18 (95% CI: -0.48 to 0.85; I2 = 2.15%, p = 0.939). Conclusions: Hydrotherapy is beneficial for pain control in the first stage of labor and does not increase its duration or negatively affect the Apgar score of newborns.

A comparison of childbirth self-efficacy, fear of childbirth, and labor pain intensity between primiparas and multiparas during the latent phase of labor: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundChildbirth is a long-lasting physiological stress. As one of the main stressors, labor pain exists throughout the whole process. Childbirth self-efficacy is the confidence, or belief that they can manage pain during childbirth. This sense of self-efficacy determines how pregnant women deal with labor pain and enables them to regulate their behavior and actively deal with childbirth. However, the difference in pain sensitivity between single births (primiparas) and multiple births (multiparas) has rarely been investigated.ObjectivesThis study is aimed at investigating self-efficacy, fear of childbirth, labor pain of primiparas and multiparas and exploring factors related to the perceived labor pain intensity of pregnant women.DesignProspective cross-sectional study.Setting(s)Labour and delivery in a large academic specialized hospital in Guangzhou, China.ParticipantsA total of 347 women, (182 primiparas and 165 multiparas) were enrolled in the data analysis. Pain was assessed before cervical dilatation (cervical dilatation ≤ 3 cm for the first delivery and ≤ 2 cm for the second delivery).MethodThe general information of participants was obtained by questionnaire and obstetrical records of the subjects were obtained from the electronic medical records extracted from the electronic medical record system (EMRS). Childbirth self-efficacy, fear of childbirth (FOC) and labor pain were compared between primiparas and multiparas. Paired t-test, chi-square test, Mann–Whitney test, univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze labor pain between the two groups and investigate factors related perceived labor pain intensity.ResultsThe total scores related to fear of childbirth, fetal health, self-control, and labor pain injury of multiparas were notably reduced compared with primiparas (all P < 0.05). The perceived labor pain intensity and duration of the first stage of labor was reduced in the multipara group compared with the primipara group. The childbirth control sense of the multipara was better than that of the primipara. The perceived labor pain intensity was negatively correlated with advanced age (age ≥ 35 years), self-efficacy score, family support, and education (all P < 0.05). In contrast, the perceived labor pain intensity was positively correlated with tension, severe fear of childbirth, and anxiety (P < 0.05). Self-efficacy, gravidity, delivery cognition, and fear of childbirth were independent risk factors for the perceived labor pain intensity in the latent period (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsFear of childbirth is a predictor of perceived labor pain intensity. The extent of labor pain (minimum and maximum) can be predicted by the level of fear the expectant mother has. During the latent phase of labor, self-efficacy, fear of childbirth and labor pain are different between primiparas and multiparas.

Effect of different concentrations of sufentanil combined with ropivacaine on epidural fever during labor: A single-center retrospective study.

Labor epidural analgesia (LEA) is associated with increased maternal body temperature; however, the responsible mechanism is unknown. Recent studies suggest that changes in EA affect the incidence of fever and that epidural sufentanil supplementation enhances analgesia and reduces the amount of local anesthetic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of sufentanil combined with ropivacaine on intrapartum fever during delivery. We performed a retrospective study comparing maternal fever rates in patients receiving labor analgesia between December 2018 and January 2019. Each patient receiving different concentrations of sufentanil in their EA received either proposal H (0.08% ropivacaine + 0.4 µg/mL sufentanil) or proposal L (0.08% ropivacaine + 0.2 µg/mL sufentanil), with the same nulliparous status. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence of intrapartum maternal fever, which was defined as any temperature ≥ 38°C during labor using Fisher exact test. Secondary outcome measures included visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, birth events, and neonatal outcomes. We observed a perinatal fever incidence rate of 11.7% in the group receiving proposal L, while the incidence rate was 19.8% in the group receiving proposal H (P = .001). Five hours after administration, the average body temperature of the puerpera decreased significantly in the proposal L group compared with proposal H group. In addition, treatment with 0.2 µg/mL sufentanil provided satisfactory pain relief during labor, shortened the first stage of labor and total labor time, reduced oxytocin use, and had no significant adverse effects on neonatal outcomes. EA may increase the risk of intrapartum epidural-associated fever. Compared with the 0.4 µg/mL sufentanil group, the 0.2 µg/mL sufentanil group can provide better analgesia and improve maternal fever. These retrospective results highlighted the importance of prospective and mechanistic studies of maternal fever associated with intraspinal analgesia.

Biomarkers of inflammation and neoangiogenesis in premature rupture of membranes

BACKGROUND: Premature rupture of membranes complicates up to 2–10% of full-term pregnancies and up to 40% of all premature pregnancies. It is believed that the main cause of premature rupture of membranes is inflammation caused by both infectious agents and autoimmune processes. Numerous studies are aimed at searching for biomarkers that can predict inflammation in premature rupture of membranes. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, -18 and procalcitonin, as well as interferon-α and soluble endoglin, in the blood serum of pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes and women in labor with timely discharge of amniotic fluid and evaluate the possibility of using these parameters to optimize obstetric tactics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 69 patients delivered at the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Academician I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University from January 2022 to March 2023. The main study group consisted of 53 pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes, the control group included 16 women with term labor and timely discharge of amniotic fluid, or amniotomy performed in the first stage of labor. The levels of interleukin-6, -18, interferon-α, procalcitonin and soluble endoglin in maternal peripheral blood were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pregnancies complicated by severe preeclampsia, placenta abruption and chronic maternal diseases in the acute stage were excluded from the study. RESULTS: At the time of rupture, the minimum gestational age was 33+0 weeks and the maximum age — 41+3 weeks. The median duration of the anhydrous interval was 31.8 hours. No significant differences in interleukin-6, -18, procalcitonin and soluble endoglin concentrations were revealed in the main and control groups, interferon-α level being higher in the comparison group. The median concentration of interferon-α in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes was 1.64 pg/ml and in women with timely discharge of amniotic fluid — 4.61 pg/ml (p = 0.001). A weak direct correlation was revealed between soluble endoglin and interleukin-18 concentrations (R = 0.26; p = 0.03), as well as a moderate direct correlation between soluble endoglin and procalcitonin levels (R = 0.4; p 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The study did not reveal differences in the concentrations of interleukin-6, -18, procalcitonin and soluble endoglin in the comparison groups. A decrease in interferon-α level in the blood in pregnant women increases the risk of developing premature rupture of membranes. The correlations between soluble endoglin and interleukin-18 or procalcitonin concentrations may indicate an association between different mechanisms of the pathogenesis of premature rupture of membranes. In this regard, an integrated approach and analysis of a combination of several cellular bioregulators are eligible to predict infectious complications in premature rupture of membranes.

The Effect of Jaripunktur on During Pain The Active Phase in Laboring Mothers at Independent Midwifery Clinics Y in Cimahi City

Labor pain is a major problem that is generally felt and experienced by all laboring women during the labor process. If not promptly addressed, this pain can induce excessive anxiety and fear in mothers during labor. This of course can cause labor to be prolonged and labor pain to feel more intense. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Jaripunktur (finger meridian points, LI 4 and SP 6) on pain during active phase I in laboring women at INDEPENDENT MIDWIFERY CLINICS Y in Cimahi City. The study was implemented through a Quasi-Experimental approach, utilizing a control group design with pre-test and post-test on two groups. The statistical analysis employed is the Wilcoxon test, with the p-value &lt;0.05. This research involved a total of 38 participants, all of whom were working mothers in the first stage of labor, split into two groups of 19 each for the intervention and control groups respectively. The study took place from November 17 to December 17, 2022, utilizing questionnaires for collecting data. Findings indicated that Jaripunktur's application positively influenced analgesia during the first stage of labor in the mothers studied. Given this study, midwives or other healthcare workers should apply Jaripunktur to women in active stage I labor.

Duration of labor in consecutive deliveries: a retrospective data analysis

PurposeLabor is shorter in multiparous women. However, there are no individualized data on differences in duration of labor for consecutive deliveries in the same parturient.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective data analysis from 2004 to 2021 at the University Hospital of Zurich and included all women with 2 or more vaginal deliveries of a singleton child in cephalic position, between 22 and 42 weeks of gestation. Descriptive statistics were performed with SPSS version 25.0 (IBM, SPSS Inc., USA). The primary endpoint was the ratio between durations of labor stages in consecutive deliveries of the same parturient.ResultsA total of 3344 women with 7066 births (2601 first [P0], 2987 s [P1], 1176 third [P2], and 302 fourth [P3]) were included. The ratio of duration of the active first stage of labor between P1 and P0 was 0.49 (95% CI 0.47–0.51, p < 0.001) meaning that the active first stage of labor was 51% shorter. The second stage of labor with a ratio of 0.26 (95% CI 0.24–0.27, p < 0.001) was 74% shorter in P1 compared to P0. Higher birthweight of the first child led to an even greater decrease in duration of the second stage of labor in P1 compared to P0 (p = 0.003). Neuraxial anesthesia was an independent risk factor for a longer duration of labor, irrespective of parity (p < 0.001). Birthweight and HC of the neonates did not significantly differ between the children born by the same women. However, higher birthweight in of the first child significantly augmented the rate of second stage of labor between P0 and P1 (p = 0.003).DiscussionUp to the third delivery, duration of labor decreased with each consecutive delivery of the same parturient. An individualized assessment of the expected duration of labor in multiparous women should be encouraged.

Effect Of Use Of Aromatherapy And Murotal Therapy In Mother's Parting With Anxiety

Background: Anxiety is a feeling of fear that is unclear and not supported by the situation. Individuals who feel anxious will feel uncomfortable or afraid, but do not know the reason why this condition occurs. Anxiety has no clear, identifiable stimulus. Murotal therapy can speed up healing and reduce anxiety, listening to the holy verses of the Al-qur’an has a significant influence in reducing tension in the reflective nerves. The recommended aroma for mediating anxiety is aromatherapy based on lemon essential oil (Citrus limon) Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Murottal therapy on the level of anxiety of women giving birthMethod: This type of research uses qualitative research, with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study was 30 mothers in the first stage of labor. This research uses chi square data analysisResults: Based on the frequency distribution of the influence of the use of aromatherapy and murrotal therapy on mothers giving birth with anxiety, it shows that there is an influence of the use of aromatherapy and murrotal therapy on mothers giving birth with anxiety.Conclusion: Based on the research results, murottal therapy on maternal anxiety levels before giving birth is effective.Suggestion: Murottal therapy has good effectiveness, it is hoped that this therapy can relieve and be a solution to the anxiety experienced by mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. Keywords: Anxiety, Murottal Al-Qur'an, Aromateraphy

Application of Audio Murotal Al-Qur'an and Lavender Aromatherapy for First-Stage Labor Pain

Application of Audio Murotal Al-Qur'an and Lavender Aromatherapy for First-Stage Labor Pain

The effect of acupressure and massage on labor pain and birth satisfaction: a randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveThis randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the effect of acupressure and massage used for the management of labor pain in the latent, active, and transition phases of the first stage of labor on labor pain and birth satisfaction. MethodsThe study was conducted with 66 pregnant women who met the sampling criteria and participated voluntarily at a public hospital in Nicosia. The participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a massage group, an acupressure group, or a control group. Participants in the massage group received 10 min of sacral massage during contraction and 10 min of endorphin massage during rest, for a total of 30 min of massage per phase. Participants in the acupressure group received 3 min of acupressure to the LI 4 point at the same dilation intervals, when the contraction was most intense. The control group received no intervention. Pain perceived by the pregnant woman was evaluated with the Visual Comparison Scale (VAS) at the beginning and end of each phase. Postpartum, the Birth Satisfaction Scale was applied. ResultsMassage application was found to be more effective in reducing labor pain than acupressure or the control group. Massage and acupressure did not negatively affect APGAR scores. The lowest oxytocin use was found in the massage group. The group with the highest birth satisfaction scores was also the massage group. ConclusionMassage application is more effective than acupressure application in reducing labor pain and increasing birth satisfaction.

Effect of Lamaze Technique on Labor Pain and Women’s Satisfaction during First Stage of Labor

Effect of Lamaze Technique on Labor Pain and Women’s Satisfaction during First Stage of Labor

Effect of Wearing Noise-Canceling Headphones on Delivery Process in Natural Childbirth Puerperae: A Single-Center Study.

To investigate the effect of incorporating noise-canceling headphones into the delivery process for natural childbirth puerperae. We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data encompassing natural childbirth puerperae in the People's Hospital of Suzhou New District from January 2021 to February 2023. The implementation of routine noise reduction management was done from January 2021 to January 2022. During this interval, 69 natural childbirth puerperae were selected as subjects, with 7 excluded, resulting in 62 participants constituting the reference group. Subsequently, noise-canceling headphones were distributed to natural childbirth puerperae from February 2022 to February 2023. In this phase, 66 subjects were selected, and 6 were excluded, resulting in 60 participants forming the observation group. Following admission, both groups underwent corresponding nursing management. Emotional states, pain levels, and various indicators were systematically collected and meticulously compared. The observation group exhibited significantly lower Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores than the reference group before delivery and during the first stage of labor (P < 0.05). The observation group demonstrated significantly lower visual analog scale scores and substance P, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2 levels than the reference group during the first stage of labor (P < 0.001). During the second stage of labor, the visual analog) scale scores were significantly lower in the observation group than in the reference group (P < 0.05). The durations of first and second labor stages were significantly shorter in the observation group than in the reference group (P < 0.05). No significant difference existed in Apgar scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). The utilization of noise-canceling headphones emerges as an effective intervention, alleviating anxiety, reducing pain during T1, and abbreviating total labor time in natural childbirth puerperae, suggesting its substantial clinical application value and potential as a beneficial addition to maternity care practices.

STUDI KASUS: ASUHAN KEBIDANAN PASKA PERSALINAN DENGAN RETENSIO URINE

Postpartum urinary retention is defined as the absence of spontaneous urination or the inability to urinate spontaneously starting 6 hours after vaginal delivery, and the inability to urinate spontaneously 6 hours after catheter removal during delivery with the following actions:caesarean section. This complaint can be caused by hormonal changes, changes in the contractile response of the bladder, innervation trauma that occurs in the bladder, and several other risk factors, namely perineal laceration or episiotomy, delivery with the help of tools, duration of the first stage of labor.&gt;12 hours, duration of second stage of labor&gt;1 hour in multiparas, and birth weight of the baby&gt;3800 grams. The aim of this research is to provide midwifery care to mothers after giving birth who complain of not being able to urinate since 3 days after giving birth. Care is carried out by paying attention to midwifery management steps according to Helen Varney. The research was carried out from 27 March to 09 April 2023 at Gunung Jati Hospital, Cirebon City, using a case study research method and the research subject was Mrs W P1 A0 aged 23 years. Primary and secondary data collection. Primary data was obtained through interviews, observation and physical examination, while secondary data was obtained through documentation and literature studies. The analysis used is descriptive and exploratory through studying data from research subjects. The results of the care were discussed by taking into account similar previous research and a review of relevant literature so that it could be concluded that there was no gap between theory and the care given to Mrs W

Optimum programmed intermittent epidural bolus interval time of ropivacaine 0.0625% with dexmedetomidine 0.4μg/ml at a fixed volume of 10mL: a randomized controlled trial.

The aim of our study was to administer adequate local anesthetic in programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) to avoid breakthrough pain and decrease the use of manual and PCEA boluses. We, therefore, conducted this study to determine the effective PIEB interval time between boluses of ropivacaine 0.0625% with dexmedetomidine 0.4μg/ml at a fixed volume of 10mL in 90% of subjects (EI90), without the use of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). A total of 80 subjects were included in the final statistical analysis from 23 August 2022 to 22 November 2022. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of four different PIEB time intervals: 40, 50, 60, and 70min (groups 40, 50, 60, and 70), respectively. The primary outcome was the effective epidural labor analgesia, defined as no use of PCEA bolus or a manual bolus until the end of the first stage of labor or within 6hours after loading dose administration. The PIEB EI90 (95% CI) between boluses of ropivacaine 0.0625% with dexmedetomidine 0.4μg/ml at a fixed volume of 10mL was estimated using probit regression. The effective PIEB interval time between boluses of ropivacaine 0.0625% with dexmedetomidine 0.4μg/ml at a fixed volume of 10mL in 90% of subjects without the use of PCEA was 45.4 (35.5-50.5) minutes using probit regression. No statistical differences were found in the proportion of subjects with Bromage score > 0, hypotension, pruritus, nausea, and vomiting between groups. However, the highest sensory block (pinprick) in the 40-min group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. The estimated value for EI90 for PIEB between boluses of ropivacaine 0.0625% with dexmedetomidine 0.4μg/ml at a fixed volume of 10mL using probit regression was 45.4 (35.5-50.5) minutes. Furthermore, future studies are warranted to be established to determine the optimal parameters for different regimens in clinical practice.

The Effect of Acupressure Points L14 and SP 6 on Pain Intensity in the First Stage Labor

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of acupressure points L14 and SP6 in reducing the intensity of pain during the first stage of labor at PMB Meita in Sidoarjo. Recognizing the physiological and psychological impacts of labor pain on both mothers and infants, the research seeks to assess the potential of acupressure as a non-pharmacological intervention to alleviate labor pain and enhance maternal well-being during childbirth. Methods: This research adopts a Quasi Experimental Design with a One Group Pre-Post Test Design approach. The study population comprises maternity mothers receiving prenatal care at PMB Meita in Sidoarjo. Accidental sampling is utilized to select a sample of 30 respondents. Data collection involves observing acupressure treatments using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) to measure pain intensity. Univariate analysis, employing frequency distribution, and bivariate analysis, utilizing paired t-test, are conducted to analyze the data. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that the mean labor pain intensity before administering acupressure points SP6 and L14 was 6.48, which decreased to 3.84 after acupressure treatment. The bivariate analysis demonstrates a significant effect of the SP6 and L14 acupressure technique on reducing labor pain during the active phase I of labor at PMB Meita in Sidoarjo (p–value 0.0001 &lt;0.05), with a mean decrease of 2.64. These results suggest that acupressure therapy holds promise as a complementary intervention for managing labor pain and enhancing maternal comfort during childbirth. Implications of the Research: The research outcomes have implications for midwifery care and maternal health practices, particularly in the context of promoting non-pharmacological pain management strategies during labor. By demonstrating the effectiveness of acupressure in reducing labor pain intensity, the study highlights the importance of integrating complementary therapies into maternity care protocols to improve maternal experiences and outcomes during childbirth. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence of the efficacy of acupressure points L14 and SP6 in alleviating labor pain during the first stage of labor. By employing a quasi-experimental design and utilizing specific assessment tools, the research offers valuable insights into the potential benefits of acupressure therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention for pain management in childbirth. The findings underscore the importance of holistic and individualized approaches to maternity care, emphasizing the integration of complementary therapies to enhance maternal well-being and satisfaction during the childbirth process.

Administration Effect of Lemon Aroma Therapy on Pain Reduction with Women in the 1st Active Phase

Pain during labor is a natural process caused by cervical dilatation, hypoxia of the uterine muscles during contractions, ischemia of the uterine corpus, stretching of the lower uterine segment, and compression of the cervical nerves. If labor pain occurs pathologically, it can trigger complications in pregnancy, one of which is prolonged labor. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020 show that the maternal mortality rate is still high, with 295,000 women dying due to complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Prolonged labor is one of the fifth causes of maternal death in the world, accounting for 8.5% of cases. Pain can be relieved pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically, with one non-pharmacological method being lemon aromatherapy. This study aims to determine the effect of lemon aromatherapy on reducing pain intensity in the active phase of the first stage of labor at Painan Hospital in 2023.This research used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest. The study was conducted in July 2023, using both primary and secondary data. The sample consisted of 30 respondents selected through total sampling techniques. Data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney non-parametric statistical analysis techniques.The results of the study showed that most participants in the intervention group experienced controlled severe pain before and after the intervention, while the control group mostly experienced moderate pain before the intervention and uncontrolled severe pain after the intervention. The Mann-Whitney test indicated a significant difference in pain intensity between the intervention and control groups, with a p-value of 0.000 &lt; α (0.05), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.The researchers recommend that health services provide support to mothers experiencing pain during labor to ensure a comfortable birthing process.