Nehru Research Articles

Randomised control trial on management of early avascular necrosis of femoral head by core decompression with bisphosphonate therapy versus core decompression in tertiary care hospital in central India

Background This study outlines a randomised control trial to assess the efficacy of Core Decompression with and without Bisphosphonate Therapy in managing early Avascular Necrosis of the femoral head. Avascular Necrosis, a debilitating condition, necessitates exploration of interventions to mitigate progression. The trial is conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi, Wardha, focusing on clinical, radiographic, and patient-reported outcomes. Methods Skeletally mature participants diagnosed with stage 1 or 2 Avascular Necrosis of the femoral head will be randomly assigned to either Core Decompression with Bisphosphonate Therapy or Core Decompression Alone. Data collection from July 2022 to September 2024 will involve preoperative assessments, intraoperative details, postoperative care records, and followup evaluations at six weeks, three months, six months, and nine months. Statistical analyses will encompass primary outcomes assessed by Harris Hip Score, secondary outcomes including pain reduction and radiographic changes, and subgroup analyses. Expected Outcome Anticipated outcomes involve insights into the comparative effectiveness of the two interventions. Primary analyses will reveal variations in Harris Hip Score changes over time, while secondary analyses will shed light on pain reduction, radiographic changes, and potential complications. Subgroup analyses may discern nuances based on etiological factors. The results aim to inform clinical practice, guiding the optimal management of early Avascular Necrosis of the femoral head.

Randomised control trial comparing postoperative analgesia between nalbuphine and fentanyl as an adjuvant with intrathecal levobupivacaine for lower abdominal gynaecological surgeries

Background Effective post-operative pain management is crucial for patient comfort and recovery following lower abdominal gynaecological surgeries. This study protocol outlines a randomised control trial designed to compare the efficacy and safety of two intrathecal adjuvants, nalbuphine and fentanyl, in conjunction with hyperbaric levobupivacaine for postoperative analgesia. Methods The study will be conducted at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, DMIMS (DU), and affiliated institutions. Sixty eligible patients aged 35-75 years undergoing lower abdominal gynaecological surgeries under subarachnoid block will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group A will receive nalbuphine with levobupivacaine, while Group B will receive fentanyl with levobupivacaine. Patients will be monitored for the duration of post-operative analgesia, onset of sensory and motor block, hemodynamic effects, and side effects. Outcomes The primary outcome is the comparison of post-operative analgesia duration between nalbuphine and fentanyl. Secondary outcomes include assessing sensory and motor block onset, hemodynamic changes, ephedrine usage, and side effects. Aim To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal nalbuphine and fentanyl as adjuvants with hyperbaric levobupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in lower abdominal gynaecological surgeries.

Interventional cross-sectional study of extra-cardiac anomalies in children with congenital heart diseases in tertiary care hospital in central India

Background Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in neonates often present complex clinical scenarios, and the association with extra-cardiac anomalies adds a layer of intricacy to their management. This study protocol outlines a comprehensive investigation into the prevalence and clinical outcomes of extra-cardiac anomalies in neonates diagnosed with CHDs. The study addresses gaps in current knowledge regarding this specific patient population, situated in the Neonatology unit of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and AVBR Hospital, Sawangi, Wardha, Central India. Methods Utilizing a descriptive, interventional cross-sectional design, the study will enrol neonates meeting inclusion criteria—diagnosis of CHDs with concurrent extra-cardiac anomalies. Rigorous data collection will involve detailed clinical histories, thorough physical examinations, and the compilation of relevant investigations, including diagnostic imaging and laboratory results. The study’s temporal scope spans three years, ensuring a robust representation of the neonatal population. Statistical analysis, employing chi-square tests, Fischer’s tests, and independent t-tests, will explore relationships between demographic and clinical characteristics, contributing to a nuanced understanding of this complex interplay. Expected Results Anticipated outcomes of this study include a precise estimation of the prevalence of extra-cardiac anomalies in neonates with CHDs. Furthermore, insights into this specific patient cohort’s clinical outcomes and management will be gained. The study aims to unravel the intricate relationship between demographic factors, clinical characteristics, and extra-cardiac anomalies in CHD patients through meticulous data analysis. These findings are poised to inform clinical practice, enhance patient care strategies, and set the stage for further research in this critical area of neonatal medicine.

Paediatric sequential organ failure assessment score (p-SOFA) as an outcome predictor in critically ill children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital in central India.

Background Pediatric intensive care remains a critical and challenging field, where early recognition of organ dysfunction and timely intervention are essential for improved patient outcomes. The Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (P-SOFA) score is a tool designed to assess organ dysfunction in critically ill children. This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the P-SOFA score in predicting morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Methods Over two years, we will enrol pediatric patients aged one month to 17 years in the PICU at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and AVBRH, Sawangi, Wardha, Central India. Data will be collected on demographic characteristics, clinical assessments, laboratory investigations, SOFA score calculations at admission and 48 hours later, treatments received, and outcomes. Inclusion criteria encompass patients with PICU stays exceeding 24 hours, while exclusion criteria include consent refusal, planned procedures for PICU admission, and PICU stays of less than 24 hours. Expected Results We anticipate that the P-SOFA score will be a valuable predictor of morbidity and mortality in critically ill pediatric patients. The study will also investigate the potential of ΔSOFA (change in SOFA scores) as an outcome indicator and compare the P-SOFA score with the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score 2 (PELOD2) for mortality prediction.

Are Indian ports safe? Identifying, analysing and prioritizing the risks affecting India's major ports

Seaports are exposed to multiple risks that may affect security and operations. This research aims to develop a framework for identifying, ranking, and prioritizing the risks. Also, this study ranks the 12 major Indian ports based on the identified risk factors. The study follows an extensive literature review, prioritization by Fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), and sensitivity analysis for robustness. Thirty-two risks were identified and classified into five categories: natural disasters, geographical risks, security risks, operational and financial risks, and socio-political risks. The analysis suggests that the most important risk that the ports in India should consider is natural disasters. The risk of cyclones and tsunamis occupied the first two ranks among the global risks. Operational and financial risks, such as complex and lengthy approval procedures and infrastructure risks, are ranked third and fourth. Mumbai is ranked first as the riskiest Indian port, followed by Kolkata, JNPT (Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust), and Vishakapatnam Port

Press charges: renegotiating free speech and citizenship in post-partition Delhi

ABSTRACT This article examines the conflict between press censorship and free speech in post-partition Delhi, focusing on the Urdu press. It demonstrates how conflicts over free speech became a focal point for the intersection of two fundamental tensions underlying postcolonial state formation—between civil liberties and the authoritarian legacy of colonial rule, and between a secular democracy and a religion-based partition. The article explores the Urdu refugee dailies that relocated from Lahore to Delhi amid the partition upheaval and emerged as significant media voicing refugees’ interests, often at the expense of Muslim residents. Their provocative writings simultaneously challenged the boundaries of free speech and advanced an exclusionary notion of citizenship based on blood-based descent (jus sanguinis). This narrow conception of citizenship, underlying the partition migrations themselves, challenged the secularist vision of India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. In response, the Delhi administration took actions against the refugee papers, making them central to contemporary struggles over press censorship. By taking the state to court, refugee editors promoted citizens’ right to free speech, but simultaneously advanced a circumscribed notion of ethno-religious citizenship. Navigating this dual role, the article unveils the exclusions and contradictions that marked citizenship formation in the early postcolonial period.

Predictive Mathematical Model on Breast Cancer : AStudy

In the present study, we have designed a mathematical model to analyze whether the cases of breast cancer are maximized or minimized in Madhya Pradesh. Especially to check the age range in which it’s more susceptible to the disease and its means of therapy. The important data collected from Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital, Bhopal (JLNCH) and Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal (GMC) is from over ten years of reviews of the cases. Actual documentary and analytical methods were used to collect and analyze the data. It is concluded from the results that the number of cancer cases is increasing in both hospitals; its projection may reach up to 97.8% by the year 2023; the age range of 40–50 is more vulnerable to the disease. The line of treatment for breast cancer patients is surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in both hospitals.

Assessing the Prevalence Rate of Gangrene Among Patients With Peripheral Vascular Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India.

Background Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) includes peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and venous disease. PAD is a chronic progressive atherosclerotic disease leading to partial or total peripheral vascular occlusion. PAD typically affects the abdominal aorta, iliac arteries, lower limbs,andoccasionally theupper extremities. Assessing the prevalence of gangrene among PVD patients is crucial for understanding the burden of this condition and informing clinical management strategies. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence rate of gangrene among patients diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease. Methods This case-control study was conducted at the General Surgery department of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Wardha, India. Patients diagnosed with PVD who presented with gangrene of the lower limb were included. Detailed demographic data were collected, and clinical examinationsand diagnostic tests were performed to assess the severity and extent of gangrene. Statistical analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of gangrene among PVD patients. Results Among the 100 participants, the age distribution ranged from 21 to over 70 years, with a mean age of 52.89. Gender distribution showed that 30% of the participants were female and 70% were male. The prevalence of gangrene among PVD patients was found to be 35%, with 65% patients not presenting with gangrene. Conclusion The findings of this study highlight the significant prevalence of gangrene among patients diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease. The implications of these findings for clinical practice and management strategies are discussed further, along with potential avenues for further research. The study provides valuable insights into the burden of gangrene among PVD patients. Early detection and appropriate management of PVD are crucial for preventing the development of gangrene and improving patient outcomes.

Correlation Between Hypothyroidism and Gallstone Disease in Central India.

Introduction The decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels affect almost every nucleated cell in our body, which directly affects the basal metabolic rate (BMR). It tends to affect multiple organ systems in the human body. In recent times, there have been changes inlifestyle and the consumption ofprocessed foods has increased. Thus, cholelithiasis and hypothyroidism are being encountered frequently, even in rural populations. In recent times, the overt clinical presentation of hypothyroidism is rare due to early diagnosis and treatment of the subclinical hypothyroidism state itself. Aim The aim is to determine the correlation betweencholelithiasis and hypothyroidism. Methods This was a cross-sectional study done on the patients presenting to the surgical department at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India between the duration from December 2020 to December 2022, having gallstone disease or with symptoms suggestive of gall bladder stones. The admitted patients were then evaluated for hypothyroidism by thyroid profile tests, and the results were documented. Using the collected data, factors such as clinical spectrum, correlation between cholelithiasis and hypothyroidism, relation with the demographic data, and body mass index (BMI) were studied. Results A total of 52 gallstone patients were included in the study. A greater number of patients were found to be above the age of 40 years (82.7%), with female preponderance (61.5%).More patientswith cholelithiasis were from the group with having BMImore than normal (57.6%).More patients having both cholelithiasis and hypothyroidism were also from the group with having BMI more than normal. Mostsymptomatic patients complained ofpain in the right hypochondriac region (88.5%). Of these 52 patients, nine (17.3%) were found to have hypothyroidism (seven were subclinical, two patients had overt clinical symptomsand signs)and theremaining 43 patients were euthyroid. Conclusions Our study supports that there is a correlation between cholelithiasis and hypothyroidism. Out of all the 52 patients, nine had hypothyroidism, seven were subclinical, and two had overt symptoms. Thus, we conclude that there is a correlation between cholelithiasis and hypothyroidism.

A Prospective Observational Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Homeopathic Intervention as an Alternative to Analgesics in Managing Cases of Arthralgia

This prospective observational study explores the effectiveness of individualized homeopathic intervention as an alternative to analgesics in managing arthralgia. Conducted over 18 months at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru State Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Kanpur, U.P., the study involved 200 patients with generalized joint pain, knee joint pain, shoulder joint pain, and heel joint pain. Utilizing the law of similars, homeopathic medicines were prescribed, with Rhus toxicodendron being the most frequently recommended. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain severity demonstrated a statistically significant improvement after 6 months of treatment (mean decrease of -3.39 on VAS, p < .00001). Findings suggest that individualized homeopathic treatment offers a promising alternative for arthralgia management, emphasizing the need for further research and contributing valuable insights to holistic patient care.

Unveiling the Potential of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varietal Performance Evaluation through Organic Nutrient Management

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is second-most important food grain crop produced in India after rice. The Experiments was conducted during the Rabi season of the year 2020/21 at Instructional Research Farm, Krishi Nagar, Adhartal, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.) to study the performance of different wheat varieties under organic nutrient management in Kymore Plateau and Satpura Hills Zone. The soil of the region favour high input intensive farming for producing a maximum yield per unit of land area. Frequent use of agrochemicals, such as fertilizers, pesticides, weedicides etc. and other techniques were extremely taxing, that depletes the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil and causing a considerably larger loss of nutrients than its replenishment. The standardization of organic manure application is the need of the hour to sustain crop productivity and soil health in the region. Selection of a variety plays a crucial role under organic farming as it has a direct effect on yield and economics of a crop than conventional farming. Organic farming requires regionally adapted varieties that are well suited to regional soil, climate, and production systems. The existing cultivars have to be appraised for the specific characteristics needed in organic farming. As a result, treatments consisted of twelve varieties of wheat viz., JW 17, JW 3020, JW 3173, JW 3269, JW 3288, C 306, HI 1500, HI 1531, HI 1418, HD 2987, HW 2004 and HD 4672 were tested in randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest grain yield of 3787 kg ha-1 recorded from JW 17 followed by varieties C 306 and JW 3269. While HI 1418 variety was the lowest yielder with a grain yield of 2796 kg ha-1 among all tested varieties. Thus, the performance of variety JW 17 was found superior concerning growth parameters, yield attributing characters and yield closely followed by varieties C 306, JW 3269 and JW 3288.

Overview Policies, Problems and Prospects of Higher Education in India

Indian education system traditionally served a particular segment of the society belonging to selected groups and elites. Colonial rule under the British Government developed concept of a modern state, modern economy and modern education system. After Independence, Jawaharlal Nehru visualized India as a secular democratic state. School curriculum was based on twin themes of inclusiveness and national pride, ensuring that India’s different communities could live together peacefully as one nation. Higher education through institutions like IITs and IIMs formed a major contribution to the Nehruvian vision of a selfreliant and modern India. Drawing on Nehru’s vision and articulating most of his themes, the Kothari Commission was set up in 1964 to formulate a coherent education policy for India. Kothari Commission felt education is meant to improve productivities, promote national and social harmony, consolidate democracy, modernize the country and develop social, moral and spiritual values. Attainment of this objective is possible only through the education policy which would provide free and compulsory education to all children up to the age of 14. According to Kothari Commission, Education policy must feature development of languages, equality of educational opportunities to all social groups and development and prioritization of scientific education and research. The Commission also lay emphasis on the removal of illiteracy and provision of adult education. The theme of the present paper is Policies, Problems and Prospects of Higher Education in India. The main objective of the present paper is to be analyze the policies, problems and prospects of Higher Education in India.

Student News Spring 2024

Student News Spring 2024

Effect of Microbial Consortia on Soil Health, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Soybean Grown in a Vertisol of Central India

A field experiment was carried out in the research farm of the Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India during Kharif season of 2021-22. The experiment was performed with nine treatments comprised by Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, EM and their consortia with FUI and UFUI (absolute control) in randomized block design. The soybean crop was grown in the field along with recommended package of practices. The result showed that the yield of soybean was 43% higher (2351 kg ha -1) than control FUI and better uptake of N (145 kg ha-1 by seed and 125.6 kg ha-1 by straw), P (7.9 kg ha-1 by seed and 14.9 kg ha-1 by straw) and K (42.3 kg ha-1 by seed and 65.0 kg ha-1 by straw) by soybean were found due to inoculation of microbial consortia of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas and EM culture. The Physico-chemical properties (pH, EC and OC), availability of nutrients (NPK with vales of 288, 29 and 335 kg ha-1 respectively), enzymatic activities (Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities with values of 42.2, 69. 8 µg PNG h-1 g-1 of soil and 12.9 μg TPF hr-1 g-1 of soil, respectively) and microbial population (Rhizobium by 35.1×106, total bacteria by 39.3×107, fungi by 41.9×104 and actinomycetes by 38.7×103 cfu g-1 soil) in soil also improved with the same treatment as compared to FUI. It is strongly recommended that the inoculation of microbial consortia improved the soil health and soybean production too instead of single inoculation by modulating microbial population which improves the soil health by nutrient fixation, solubilization and mobilization and plant growth promotion.

Prospective observational study iron deficiency anemia clinical profile in children with sickle cell disease: a study protocol

Background Sickle cell disease, a hereditary hemoglobinopathy, presents complex clinical challenges including increased susceptibility to iron deficiency anemia (IDA). However, the clinical profile of IDA in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease still needs to be adequately characterized. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the prevalence, severity, associated risk factors, and potential impact of IDA on morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population. Methods A prospective observational study will be conducted on 303 children from January 2024 to December 2024 at the Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and AVBR Hospital, Sawangi, Wardha. Participants will include pediatric patients diagnosed with sickle cell disease, with informed consent from their parents or legal guardians. Data will be collected through clinical assessments, blood sample analyses for hematological parameters, and systematic recording of relevant clinical information. Statistical analyses, including Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square test, and Student’s t-test, will be used to assess the data, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Expected outcomes This study aims to provide critical insights into the prevalence and clinical profile of IDA in children with sickle cell disease, shedding light on potential risk factors and correlations with comorbid conditions. Furthermore, it seeks to explore the relationship between IDA and disease-related morbidity and mortality.

Front-line Demonstration: An Effective Communication Approach for Dissemination of Sustainable Rice Production Technology

During four consecutive Kharif seasons in the years 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, front-line demonstrations were carried out in farmer's fields by the College of Agriculture, Waraseoni (Balaghat), Madhya Pradesh in the agroclimatic zone of the Chhattisgarh plains to assess the performance of rice Hybrids / varieties JRH-5, JRH-19, JR-81 and JRB-1 (developed by Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University, Jabalpur) under irrigated ecosystem. Front-line demonstrations, or FLDs, were carried out using a scientific package of rice technology practices. The yield and economic data of the plots that were on display were examined, evaluated, and examined with farmer practices (MTU-1010). With only an average of Rs. 2625/ha as an additional input cost in demonstrations using enhanced production technologies in FLDs, the mean grain yield increased by 23.80% over current farmer practices.Extension gap (10.48 q/ha), Technology gap (10.26 q/h) and the technology index is 15.79%. It is concluded that wide gap existed in potential and demonstration yield in high yielding rice varieties due to technology and extension gap in Balaghat District of Madhya Pradesh.By conductingfront line demonstrations of proven technologies, yield potential of rice can be increased to a greatextent. This will substantially increase the income as well as the livelihood of the farming community.

Protocol for a prospective comparative randomized clinical study for the comparison of two different doses of dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine in pediatric caudal anesthesia for infraumbilical surgeries in a tertiary hospital in central India

Background Pediatric caudal anesthesia is a well-established technique for providing intraoperative and postoperative pain relief in children undergoing infraumbilical surgeries. Dexmedetomidine, an α2-adrenergic agonist, has shown promise as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in caudal blocks, potentially improving the quality and duration of pain relief. This study aims to compare two doses of dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine to assess their efficacy in pediatric caudal anesthesia. Methods A prospective comparative randomized clinical study will be conducted over two years in the Department of Anaesthesiology at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC) and Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH) in Central India. Patients aged six months to six years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class 1 or 2, scheduled for infraumbilical surgeries, will be included. They will be randomly allocated to receive either Group A (1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with 1 μ/kg dexmedetomidine) or Group B (1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with 0.5 μ/kg dexmedetomidine) in a double-masked fashion. The primary outcome is the duration of postoperative pain relief. Secondary outcomes include intraoperative hemodynamic stability, time first to rescue analgesia, incidence of adverse effects, and patient and parent satisfaction. A cost-effectiveness analysis will also be conducted. Conclusions The study will provide insights into the efficacy and safety of different doses of dexmedetomidine in pediatric caudal anesthesia for infraumbilical surgeries. The results will guide clinical practice and inform anesthesia protocols for pediatric patients in the study setting. Registration CTRI (CTRI/2023/05/057050; 29 August 2023).

Utilization of E-Resources by Research Scholar of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur: A Study

The presented research article is related to the use and awareness of e-resources by research scholars of Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur. Main objective of the study is to find out the awareness and use of e-resources among the Research Scholars, to explore the purpose for which the research scholar uses the e-resources, to find out the frequency of usage of e-resources, assessing satisfaction with the use of e-resources among research scholars, to examine the various problems faced by the research scholar, and to give suggestions for improvement. The purpose of the study is based on primary data collected from Research Scholars of Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur. The study found that users were aware of e-resources, e-journals being used the most by 79 (24.92%) users. Research scholars 84 (29.89%) are using e-resources the most for their research. 66 (18.54%) respondents are facing the problem of Poor connectivity (Low bandwidth) and also 45 (12.64%) are facing Server down or system problem. Researchers are saving time for their research by using e-resources 81 (24.55%).

Efficacy of pyroxasulfone and its combinations against weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2021–22 at the research farm of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh to study the efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides against weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 3 replications and 8 weed control treatments. Major weed flora in the experimental site, viz. Medicago polymorpha (L.) (28.97%) and Cichorium intybus (L.) (26.19%) were predominant in dicot weeds and in monocot weeds, Phalaris minor (17.82%) was dominant. The weedy check plot had the higher density and dry weight of weeds. Hand weeding (once) was done at 25 DAS (day after sowing) in wheat, reducing weeds density and dry weight to the maximum extent at 40 DAS with a weed control efficiency (WCE) of 92.8%, proving superiority over other treatments. Among the herbicidal applications, pyroxasulfone + metribuzin at 127.5 + 280 g a.i./ha significantly reduced the monocot and dicot weeds density and dry weight, followed by pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone at 1250 + 127.5 g a.i./ha. Pyroxasulfone + metribuzin at 127.5 + 280 g a.i./ha resulted in maximum values of growth parameters, viz. plant height (66.38 cm), number of tillers/m2 (403.14) and yield attributing characters, viz. grains per earhead (51.00) and grain yield (5.65 t/ha) as compared to other herbicidal treatments.

Clinicopathological profile of multiple myeloma at a tertiary care hospital in a resource-poor setting: A retrospective study

Objectives: The objective of this study was to study the clinicopathological profile of multiple myeloma (MM) presenting to Jawaharlal Nehru Hospital and Research Center (JLNH&RC) Bhilai and document the disease in central India. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study using patient data from January 2013 to December 2019. The clinical and radiological findings, laboratory parameters, and bone marrow examination were analyzed. Results: About 35.38% of patients presented in the 6th decade of life with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. About 91.93% of patients had low backache and bone pain, and 96.92% of patients had Anemia. About 63.01% of patients had serum creatinine >2 mg/dL, and 92.30% of patients had A/G ratio reversal. About 64.70% of patients had serum beta-2 microglobulin (≥3.5 μg/mL). About 80.7% had osteolytic lesions, predominantly in the skull and pelvis. About 46.15% of patients had >50% plasma cells on bone marrow aspirate. About 85.71% exhibited hypercellularity, and 8.92% of patients had grade 2 marrow fibrosis. About 76.92% of patients presented with Durie Salmon stage III disease, and 58.82% presented with international staging system (ISS) stage II disease. Conclusion: MM has an inconsistent clinical presentation with multiple system involvement. It should be considered as a differential in patients above 50 years of age presenting with normocytic normochromic Anemia and bony pain. Bone marrow study is important in resource-poor settings where specialized laboratory testing is limited. The Durie and Salmon staging and the ISS can be used for the prognosis with equal efficacy.