First-person Shooter Game Research Articles

Serious Games About Indonesia’s Heroes Day for Education About Events 10 November 1945

Heroes' Day is one of important days for Indonesia, is a day that commemorates one of the most important historical events, especially for the Indonesian people. The independence of the threatened Indonesian nation could be defended by heroes who sacrificed their lives against the invaders, where the incident coincided on November 10, 1945. but there are still many young people today who still do not understand the importance of their hero's struggle on that day, and consider Heroes' Day an ordinary holiday. The serious game is one of the game genres that is commonly used to provide learning about a topic by using games as learning media. By utilizing games as learning media, it will be easier for youth to understand the events of November 10 directly. The game is designed as a first-person shooter game developed using Unity with players playing the role of fighters against invaders on November 10, 1945. After playing, players will be given a series of questionnaires that contain events that occurred in the game and provide value to the game application. from the results of the questionnaire, the value obtained from the questionnaire was 69 and the value of the aspects of the game was 3.37.

Assessment of Video Game Addiction among Medical Students at Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute - A Cross Sectional Study

Background The World Health Organisation states that excessive gaming can result in gaming disorder. Over-gaming by medical students can impair their academic performance. The ease with which the internet can be accessed and the availability of inexpensive smartphones have made gaming popular among young people.Objectives To assess the gaming addiction and its effects among medical students of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute BMCRI.Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of BMCRI. DSM-5 seven-item Gaming Addiction Scale GAS was used to determine the proportion of addicted medical undergraduates. Results The prevalence of gaming is more among male participants 60.7 compared to female participants 39.3. Mobiles were found to be the most commonly used devices for gaming and majority of the games played were online games 65.4. The most commonly played games include puzzle games followed by arcade games and First-person shooter games. Most of the study participants who chose ldquofor funrdquo or ldquoto minimize lonelinessrdquo as reasons for gaming opted Arcade games and those who chose ldquoto relieve stress anxietyrdquo opted puzzle games or First-person shooter games. Time spent on gaming monthly p 0.038 and device used of gaming p0.030 were significantly associated with category of the gamers.Conclusion The growing incidence of youth game addiction especially among medical students is a problem that must be addressed quickly. Integrating health education on mobile phone usage and prevention measures aligned with informed decision-making autonomy and self-directed actions for responsible smartphone use will minimize negative effects on daily life.nbsp

The impact of competitive FPS video games on human's decision-making skills

The problem we face today is that many people think that playing games only has a negative impact on a person's brain and behavior. but the fact is that playing games has a positive impact in many ways. The aim of this document is to prove whether video games can really influence human behavior on their decision-making skills. We will test 22 respondents directly who are teenagers and adults around 17 - 25 years old, and we will score them after they have finished playing games with the genre that we decided. The results proved that competitive First-person shooter (FPS) games increase human ability to make decisions quickly and correctly. Many of our participants agree that after playing competitive FPS games, they feel a positive impact on their cognitive skills. Our participants said that they can quickly compare the impact of the decisions they make and choose exactly which is the best course of action.

Assessment of human expertise and movement kinematics in first-person shooter games.

In contrast to traditional professional sports, there are few standardized metrics in professional esports (competitive multiplayer video games) for assessing a player's skill and ability. We assessed the performance of professional-level players in Aim LabTM, a first-person shooter training and assessment game, with two target-shooting tasks. These tasks differed primarily in target size: the task with large targets provided an incentive to be fast but imprecise and the task with large targets provided an incentive to be precise but slow. Each player's motor acuity was measured by characterizing the speed-accuracy trade-off in shot behavior: shot time (elapsed time for a player to shoot at a target) and shot spatial error (distance from center of a target). We also characterized the fine-grained kinematics of players' mouse movements. Our findings demonstrate that: 1) movement kinematics depended on task demands; 2) individual differences in motor acuity were significantly correlated with kinematics; and 3) performance, combined across the two target sizes, was poorly characterized by Fitts Law. Our approach to measuring motor acuity has widespread applications not only in esports assessment and training, but also in basic (motor psychophysics) and clinical (gamified rehabilitation) research.

Conversation dynamics in a multiplayer video game with knowledge asymmetry.

Despite the challenges associated with virtually mediated communication, remote collaboration is a defining characteristic of online multiplayer gaming communities. Inspired by the teamwork exhibited by players in first-person shooter games, this study investigated the verbal and behavioral coordination of four-player teams playing a cooperative online video game. The game, Desert Herding, involved teams consisting of three ground players and one drone operator tasked to locate, corral, and contain evasive robot agents scattered across a large desert environment. Ground players could move throughout the environment, while the drone operator's role was akin to that of a "spectator" with a bird's-eye view, with access to veridical information of the locations of teammates and the to-be-corralled agents. Categorical recurrence quantification analysis (catRQA) was used to measure the communication dynamics of teams as they completed the task. Demands on coordination were manipulated by varying the ground players' ability to observe the environment with the use of game "fog." Results show that catRQA was sensitive to changes to task visibility, with reductions in task visibility reorganizing how participants conversed during the game to maintain team situation awareness. The results are discussed in the context of future work that can address how team coordination can be augmented with the inclusion of artificial agents, as synthetic teammates.

GG’s and NT’s: Gaming language in the chat feature of FPS game Valorant

Language plays a significant role in gaming. First-person shooting (FPS) video game players need to communicate with each other to coordinate and progress in the game. However, there is still a big gap in research regarding language use in gaming outside the scope of language learning and acquisition. Thus, this research paper analyses the way Valorant players communicate with each other via text messages during matches. Conversations that took place during five matches are retrieved from the built-in text communication feature so that the strategies and patterns of communication utilised by Valorant players can be observed. A short interview involving a few random players from the five games was also conducted to retrieve more data regarding the strategies and patterns of communication utilised by Valorant players. The findings suggest that not only do video game players often choose not to conform to existing grammatical and lexical rules, they also utilise vocabularies that only make sense in the scope of the game. In other words, linguistic deviations and neologism by giving existing words new meanings often occur in gaming language.Keywords: Valorant, strategies, patterns, gaming language

Forging a more masculine self online: demonstrating skill and sovereignty in the playing of first-person shooter games

ABSTRACT This paper explores how and why first-person shooter games can enable players to forge a more masculine sense of self. In doing so, it advances an understanding of the interconnected nature of players’ online and offline worlds, and their “actual” and “ideal” selves. Whilst existing masculinities research has explored how technological mastery can lead to expressions of “geek” masculinity, it does not consider the beneficial effects of online competition and collaboration. Similarly, whilst research has considered the triggers and effects of toxic playing behaviors within online gamespaces, lacking is an understanding of how these behaviors intersect with the formation of more masculine subject positions. Addressing these lacunae, this paper draws on in-depth interviews conducted amongst male players of first-person shooters to explore how the hyper competitive, skill-based, and team-oriented characteristics of online gamespaces provide opportunities for them to experiment with, and develop, a more integrated sense of the masculine self.

Toward using effective elements in adults’ amblyopia treatment in a virtual reality-based gamified binocular application

The common method for treating amblyopia (lazy eye) in adults is binocular therapy implemented as simple computer games. However, it lacks the maximum therapeutic elements effective in treating amblyopia and uses expensive stereoscopes and virtual reality (VR) glasses, limiting widespread use. Also, gamification can be incorporated into these games to keep patients’ motivation over a stable period. The features that have the potential to be included in binocular games are identified and included in a VR-based gamified binocular application with a more straightforward implementation than the games presented so far. The game is implemented on smartphones to increase accessibility. Color and size of game components, CAM stimulator, and binocular therapy using VR were identified and incorporated in a VR zombie first-person shooter game. Eight experts evaluated the game with a questionnaire designed based on Nielsen's heuristics evaluation and therapeutic aspects. The initial tests with experts indicated the game’s potential application as a therapeutic tool for improving visual acuity and vision’s contrast and depth. Also, the game has the potential application in increasing motivation and interaction. After rigorous evaluations with patients, the game can be used outside clinics by adjusting it to the patients’ eyes in advance and remotely.

Effect of Render Resolution on Gameplay Experience, Performance, and Simulator Sickness in Virtual Reality Games

Higher resolution is one of the main directions and drivers in the development of virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays (HMDs). However, given its associated higher cost, it is important to determine the benefits of having higher resolution on user experience. For non-VR games, higher resolution is often thought to lead to a better experience, but it is unexplored in VR games. This research aims to investigate the resolution tradeoff in gameplay experience, performance, and simulator sickness (SS) for VR games, particularly first-person shooter (FPS) games. To this end, we designed an experiment to collect gameplay experience, SS, and player performance data with a popular VR FPS game, Half-Life: Alyx. Our results indicate that 2K resolution is an important threshold for an enhanced gameplay experience without affecting performance and increasing SS levels. Moreover, the resolution from 1K to 4K has no significant difference in player performance. Our results can inform game developers and players in determining the type of HMD they want to use to balance the tradeoff between costs and benefits and achieve a more optimal experience.

Problematic online gaming, subjective health complaints, and depression among adolescent gamers from the United States: the role of console-gaming aggression

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationship between problematic online gaming and subjective health complaints and depressive symptoms, and the moderation of console-gaming aggression (i.e. verbal aggression, camping, trolling) in this relationship. Participants were 202 adolescents (86% boys; M age = 12.99 years) in the 7th or 8th grade who played first-person shooter games. They completed questionnaires on problematic online gaming, console-gaming aggression, subjective health complaints, and depressive symptoms. Six months later (Time 2), they completed questionnaires on subjective health complaints and depressive symptoms again. Findings revealed that problematic online gaming and console-gaming aggression were positive predictors of Time 2 subjective health complaints and depressive symptoms, while controlling for Time 1 levels and gender. Moderating effects were found as well, indicating that high levels of console-gaming aggression increased the positive relationship between problematic online gaming and depressive symptoms. These effects were also replicated for verbal aggression, problematic online gaming, and subjective health complaints. These findings suggest the importance of considering the implications of console-gaming aggression and problematic online gaming for the physical and mental health of adolescents.

Adolescent Internet gaming addiction and personality characteristics by game genre.

With the emergence of a new concept called ‘Internet Gaming Disorder’ in DSM-5 and ICD-11, related research is underway around the globe. However, not enough literature on Internet gaming addiction has considered the diversity in game genres. Internet gaming addiction may take on a different form according to the particular characteristics of a game being played. To better understand adolescent Internet gaming addiction, this study sought to identify the differences in Internet gaming addiction and personality characteristics based on the game genre played. A total of 3,217 elementary and middle school students across Korea participated in the survey that included the Maladaptive Game Use Scale and the Adolescent Personality Questionnaire. ANOVA analysis revealed that Internet gaming addiction and personality characteristics varied according to the game genre played. In particular, post-hoc tests showed that Real-Time Strategy (RTS) and First-Person Shooter (FPS) game users have higher levels of tolerance, withdrawal, and neglect of everyday life compared to other genres such as Role-Playing Game (RPG), Racing, and Arcade/Shooting. Also, Internet gamers users of particular genres showed significantly lower self-esteem (Arcade/Shooting), conscientiousness (Racing), empathy (RPG), and sense of community (Racing and RTS) scores than comparison group. The implications of the study results were discussed with a special emphasis on Internet gaming addiction interventions.

Measuring Task-Related Brain Activity With Event-Related Potentials in Dynamic Task Scenario With Immersive Virtual Reality Environment.

Measurement of event-related potentials (ERPs) in simulated and real environments is advantageous for understanding cognition and behavior during practice of goal-directed activities. Recently, instead of using task-irrelevant “probe stimuli” to elicit ERPs, extraction of ERPs directly from events that occur in simulated and real environments has drawn increased attention. Among the previous ERP studies using immersive virtual reality, only a few cases elicited ERPs from task-related events in dynamic task settings. Furthermore, as far as we surveyed, there were no studies that examined the source of ERPs or correlation between ERPs and behavioral performance in 360-degree immersive virtual reality using head-mounted display. In this study, EEG signals were recorded from 16 participants while they were playing the first-person shooter game with immersive virtual reality environment. Error related negativity (ERN) and correct-(response)-related negativity (CRN) elicited by shooting-related events were successfully extracted. We found the ERN amplitudes to be correlated with the individual shooting performance. Interestingly, the main source of the ERN was the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is different from previous studies where the signal source was often estimated to be the more caudal part of ACC. The obtained results are expected to contribute to the evaluation of cognitive functions and behavioral performance by ERPs in a simulated environment.

Modern Lawfare: Exploring the Relationship between Military First-Person Shooter Video Games and the “War is Hell” Myth

AbstractThe changing character of armed conflict, combined with the transformation of the global media landscape, has fundamentally altered the experience of war for Western audiences. Although physically distanced from its cost to a historically unprecedented degree, the virtual proximity of the average citizen to war has never been closer. Military first-person shooter (FPS) gaming is a critical component of this dynamic, functioning as the principle means through which to consume and interact with war for a large and growing segment of the population. This influence is problematic. Although exceptions exist, military FPSs typically both reflect and sustain the “war is hell” myth: a conviction, reinforced through interactive gameplay, that the rules of war cannot, and indeed should not, apply to the battlefield. We argue that a more complete and nuanced integration of the laws of war into this medium would help shift popular understandings of armed conflict, and the legal restraints imposed on it, in a more positive direction and, at the same time, allow game designers to better fulfil their commitment to a “realistic” depiction of the battlefield.

Cheating in online gaming spreads through observation and victimization

AbstractAntisocial behavior can be contagious, spreading from individual to individual and rippling through social networks. Moreover, it can spread not only through third-party influence from observation, just like innovations or individual behavior do, but also through direct experience, via “pay-it-forward” retaliation. Here, we distinguish between the effects of observation and victimization for the contagion of antisocial behavior by analyzing large-scale digital trace data. We study the spread of cheating in more than a million matches of an online multiplayer first-person shooter game, in which up to 100 players compete individually or in teams against strangers. We identify event sequences in which a player who observes or is killed by a certain number of cheaters starts cheating and evaluate the extent to which these sequences would appear if we preserve the team and interaction structure but assume alternative gameplay scenarios. The results reveal that social contagion is only likely to exist for those who both observe and experience cheating, suggesting that third-party influence and “pay-it-forward” reciprocity interact positively. In addition, the effect is present only for those who both observe and experience more than once, suggesting that cheating is more likely to spread after repeated or multi-source exposure. Approaching online games as models of social systems, we use the findings to discuss strategies for targeted interventions to stem the spread of cheating and antisocial behavior more generally in online communities, schools, organizations, and sports.

Navigation Challenges in Massively Destructible Worlds

The creation of lifelike believable characters is emerging as the central focus of next-generation game development and is viewed as critical to obtaining true mass-market appeal. Visually-realistic movement in complex physics driven worlds is an increasingly critical component in creating believable characters. The demo is based on our extension to the Unreal 3 engine (UE3) and runs on advanced PCs, the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 (PS3) and shows advance navigation behaviors such as dynamic obstacle avoidance, local dynamic path finding and advanced obstacle traversal such as vaulting. A typical first-person shooter (FPS) game level (an underground subway system) is constructed out of physics-simulated objects; the benches and garbage cans can be displaced by gun fire and the pillars and railings can be destroyed by grenades. This allows the player to quickly and significantly disrupt the world making it extremely difficult for the non-player characters (NPCs) to navigate towards the player. NPCs can be given specific movement abilities so that some NPCs can avoid obstacles by circumventing them while more advanced NPCs can vault over them. Upon discovery of blocked passageways such as staircases, NPCs can take alternative routes.

Hierarchical Plan Representations for Encoding Strategic Game AI

In this paper we explore the use of Hierarchical-Task-Network (HTN) representations to model strategic game AI. We will present two case studies. The first one reports on an experiment using HTNs to model strategies for Unreal Tournament® (UT) bots. We will argue that it is possible to encode strategies that coordinate teams of bots in first-person shooter games using HTNs. The second one compares an alternative to HTNs called Task-Method-Knowledge (TMK) process models. TMK models are of interest to game AI because, as we will show, they are as expressive as HTNs but have more convenient syntax. Therefore, HTN planners can be used to generate correct plans for coordinated team AI behavior modeled with TMK representations.

Reorienting a Theme

Abstract Dubai, not India, is the location of the world’s only Bollywood theme park. Fantasy and violence jump from screen to simulated life at Bollywood Parks Dubai (BPD), allowing for the consumption of film and associated entertainment to occur trans-medially and transnationally. Accordingly, this essay delves into representations of culture and violence, through filmic imaginaries, that link South Asia and the Arabian Gulf. Using Bollywood/film studies alongside area and postcolonial studies and architectural history, I consider how theme parks work as manifestations of the fantastic, suturing cultural entertainment and racialized violence by proxy in a built space. In this, BPD is a site of culturally co-optive consumption and mediation between the orientalist, or re-orientalized, differences of Asian subjects to the exclusion of the occident(als). Focusing on its patrons and its film-based rides, and through research in the digital humanities, such as studies of first-person shooter games, I demonstrate how BPD serves as a mediascape that thrives on the reorientalized fantasy of Indian cinema. BPD thus provides a simulacral space in which patrons may vicariously test the limits (and possibilities) of South Asian-Middle Eastern multiculturalism, as well as Indian caste mores, against the backdrop of neoliberal globalization.

Adding Smart Opponents to a First-Person Shooter Video Game through Evolutionary Design

We demonstrate how a first-person shooter (FPS) video game can be made more fun and challenging by replacing the hard-wired behavior of opponents with behaviors evolved via an evolutionary algorithm. Using the opensource FPS game Cube as a platform, we replaced the agents' (opponents) hard-wired behavior with binary DNA supporting a much richer variety of agent responses. Survival-of-the-fittest ensured that only those agents whose DNA allowed them to avoid being killed by the human player would continue on to the next "generation" (game). Mutating the DNA of the survivors provided enough variability in behavior to make the agent's actions unpredictable. Our demo will show how this approach produces an increasingly challenging level of play, more fine-tuned to the skills of an individual human player than the traditional approach using pre-programmed levels of difficulty or simply adding more opponents.

Dynamic Expansion of Behaviour Trees

Artificial intelligence in games is typically used for creating player's opponents. Manual edition of intelligent behaviors for Non-Player Characters (NPCs) of games is a cumbersome task that needs experienced designers. Our research aims to assist designers in this task. Behaviours typically use recurring patterns, so that experience and reuse are crucial aspects for behavior design. The use of hierarchical state machines allows working on different abstraction levels, sharing transitions and reusing pieces from the more detailed levels. However, the static nature of the design process does not release the designer from the burden to completely specify each behaviour. Our approach applies Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) techniques to retrieve and reuse stored behaviors represented as hierarchical state machines (actually, behaviour trees). In this paper we focus on dynamic retrieval of behaviours taking into account the world state and the underlying goals to select the most appropriate state machine to guide the NPC behaviour. The global behaviour of the NPC is dynamically built in run time querying the CBR system. We exemplify our approach through a serious game, developed by our research group, with gameplay elements from First-Person Shooter (FPS) games.

White supremacist performance and its refusal: a reflection on the mosque shootings in Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand

ABSTRACT The terror attack carried out at two mosques in Aotearoa New Zealand by a white supremacist in 2019 was intended as a spectacle for mass public consumption. Its live-stream on Facebook invited hyper-identification (akin to a first-person shooter game), exploiting the disembodied nature of digital connection. In this essay, I draw from Judith Butler’s concept of ‘hallucinatory merging’ to characterize this performativity and to suggest that both the killings and their filming were an attack on the ‘generativity’ of the assembly of bodies-in-prayer. The public response led by New Zealand’s Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern avowedly rejected the ideology of white supremacy that motivated the attack. Her remark that ‘this is not us’ galvanized public sentiment, generating waves of public solidarity and a variety of public counter-performances. At the same time, this was a white supremacist act carried out in a settler (post-colonial) society, throwing into sharp relief the everyday performances of racial intolerance that trouble the notion that this is ‘not us,’ a point made by various communities including Indigenous Māori. In tracing the two opposed modes of performance – that of white supremacist exclusivity and a national narrative of inclusion – I reflect on their entanglement as well as their distinction.