First-hand Perspectives Research Articles

Adolescent autistic girls navigating their diagnosis in Swedish secondary school

IntroductionAdolescent autistic girls in mainstream schools experience more loneliness and exclusion than their peers. Swedish schools have a long tradition of working towards inclusion but, despite this commitment, these girls are at higher risk of absenteeism and failing to achieve educational objectives. Bearing this in mind, it is important to understand how autistic girls navigate their everyday school life from a first-hand perspective and develop a broader understanding of what shapes their opportunities for and barriers to participation.MethodsThis qualitative study draws on multiple semi-structured interviews with 11 autistic girls, aged 13–15, exploring how they navigate having an autism diagnosis within a Swedish secondary school context.ResultsWhile on a personal level the diagnosis itself was mostly perceived as positive, the girls expressed ambivalence about making sense of it in the school context. The girls expressed awareness of the perceptions and understanding of autism in their school setting, and their consequences in terms of both support and exclusion and stigmatisation. The sense of being perceived by others as different, accompanied by a desire to belong and an awareness of stigma, seemed to have a strong impact on how they navigated everyday school life. This created field of tension between the social context of school, its values and norms, and the girls’ personal experiences and views about autism.DiscussionThe girls’ accounts illustrate the complex reality of their school lives post diagnosis. Valuable implications for practice include the need to work towards a discourse in schools in which differences are seen as natural, and guidance post diagnosis to build the girls’ awareness and understanding and enable them to develop strategies for successfully navigating school.

Exploring contemporary visualization of traditional Chinese arts: Relationship between calligraphy elements and visual communication effects

This study aims to explore the relationships between calligraphy elements, visual communication effects and cultural significance in the context of contemporary visualization of traditional Chinese arts. Thematic analysis was conducted on interview responses to uncover insights into the complex dynamics at play. In-depth interviews with professionals and scholars provided firsthand perspectives on integrating calligraphy elements in visual communication, the effects of visual communication on audience perceptions and the role of cultural heritage in design practice. Comparative analysis with existing literature further enriched the understanding of the variables’ relationships and their implications for theory and practice. The findings reveal intricate relationships between calligraphy elements, visual communication effects, and cultural significance. Calligraphy elements enhance visual communication by imbuing design materials with cultural depth, authenticity and emotional resonance. Visual communication influences audience perceptions of cultural significance, shaping their attitudes and behaviors towards cultural artifacts and representations. Furthermore, cultural heritage informs design practice by providing a rich source of inspiration and meaning, guiding the creation of culturally resonant and effective communication materials. This research contributes to theoretical advancements in visual communication, cultural studies and design theory by uncovering insights into the relationships between calligraphy elements, visual communication effects, and cultural significance. The practical implications for professionals in design, marketing and cultural heritage preservation include providing practical guidance for creating culturally resonant communication materials and informing policies and initiatives that support the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage.

Challenging the boundaries of citizenship: Alevi citizens’ pursuit of equal citizenship in Turkey

ABSTRACT Marking Turkey’s 101st anniversary since the founding of the Republic in 1923, this article explores the enduring demand of Alevi citizens for recognition and equality. Addressing a gap in citizenship literature, this study scrutinizes the century-long struggle for equitable citizenship among Alevi citizens. Grounded in classical and critical perspectives, it delves into citizenship dynamics, specifically the quest for equal citizenship by Alevi citizens. Guided by the Alevi issue, the research examines the interplay between theoretical constructs, lived experiences, and the ongoing pursuit of equitable civic recognition. Drawing insights from in-depth interviews with five Alevi civil society organization representatives, this study provides first-hand perspectives on challenges to conventional citizenship definitions. Emphasizing historical grounding and geographical responsiveness, the article underscores the experiences of marginalized communities, challenging state-centric perspectives. This research contributes to the evolving understanding of citizenship, emphasizing the continued importance of equal citizenship in Turkey and beyond.

Exploring public opinions on Rohingya refugees residing in India: An empirical study

The Rohingya population is widely acknowledged as one of the most persecuted minority groups worldwide. The ongoing tripartite conflict involving the Rohingya, the Rakhine, and the Myanmar military has resulted in numerous clashes and massacres, leading to forced displacement. Countries such as Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan, and India have recorded an influx of Rohingya immigrants. While extensive studies have been conducted on the Rohingya in Myanmar and Bangladesh, there has been a limited scholarly focus on the Rohingya in India. This article aims to fill this gap in the literature. It is important to note that India is neither a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention nor the 1967 Protocol, which addresses refugee status and protections, nor does it have a domestic refugee law. Consequently, refugees in India are not officially recognized as a distinct group and lack legal protection against exploitation and abuse. This situation leaves them vulnerable to various forms of mistreatment, including exploitation, violence, and limited access to employment, education, and healthcare. Although the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees designates the Rohingya as refugees, the current Bharatiya Janata Party government views this stateless community as illegal migrants and a perceived threat to India. This stance raises important questions: (i) How does the Indian population perceive and internalize this interpretation? (ii) What are their attitudes toward the Rohingya, and what policy options do they prefer? To address these inquiries, the authors of this article analyzed data from the Sinophone Borderlands Indo-Pacific Survey, a large-scale online survey organized by one of the authors. In addition, interviews were conducted with Rohingya individuals residing in India to gather firsthand perspectives.

Making inroads in the Indian AI imaging market

Research methodology This case study involves interviews with radiologists of various hospitals and with company personnel. Both primary and secondary data sources have been used. The first-hand perspective from the radiologists highlighted the challenges they face concerning time and the patient load. The company personnel highlighted using machine learning for used cases to make the platform more robust and accurate. This case has been tested with MBA students. Case overview/synopsis An emerging health-care artificial intelligence (AI) start-up, DeepTek.AI, wants to expand its reach in the radiology market. The company intends to leverage technology to assist radiologists in diagnostics. India's health-care sector faces the challenge of needing more trained doctors and nurses to meet the ever-increasing needs of patients. This case study revolves around the radiologists' concerns about implementing the new technology and its ease of use. The features and benefits of integrating AI in diagnostics are the need of the hour, but the reliability of results needs to be ascertained for adopting it. Complexity academic level This case was written for marketing applications and practices, trends in marketing, marketing strategy and technology adoption in marketing courses at the post-graduate level. Consumer adoption of finance, hospitality, travel and health-care technology is vital for increasing the company's market share and growth prospects. The students will have an opportunity to understand the challenges and the opportunities.

Shipping Market Forecasting Considering the Individual Investor Emotions: A Novel Twofold Partial Swarm Optimization Based Stacked Long Short-Term Memory Model

ABSTRACT Purpose The general purpose of shipping market prediction is to help shipping analysts design a strategy to make shipping strategies. Previous studies have pointed out human emotions has an obvious impact on markets, however, few research focus on utilizing human emotions to improve the shipping market forecasting issue. This paper fills the gap in the literature of considering industrial individual emotions to shipping market prediction issue Methodology We proposed a conceptual framework of an emotion-based shipping market prediction (ESMP) system focused on considering the multidimensional emotions of individual investors. To make it precisely, a two-fold Particle Swarm Optimization (TFPSO) algorithm is proposed conduct the shipping forecasting under the framework of ESMP, with advantages of automatically finding the architecture and hyperparameters of the Deep Long Short-Term Memory (DLSTM) simultaneously in the shipping market forecasting the values of the Baltic Dry, Dirty Tanker and Container indices of ocean transportation in the world ocean during the crisis period 2010–2022 Findings The prediction accuracy of the ESMP was higher than that of the models using the conventional factors in all learning periods of the study, and it was determined that the results complement the sentiment indicator employed to predict the shipping indices. Additionally, the accuracy of the proposed method is superior to conventional neural network models in all used error metrics. Additional Mann–Whitney U test on MSE difference between TFPSO-DLSTM and compared models demonstrates that the significant advantages boosted by TFPSO-DLSTM Originality Shipping sentiment has provided further proof that shipping decisions are significantly driven by emotions. our study shows that individual shipping investors’ sentiment are able to improve shipping rate forecasts significantly, although the magnitudes of the improvements are relatively small from an economic point of view Research implications This study undertook the initiative to procure BDI, BDTI, BCTI, COVID-19 data and shipping sentiment index data through in-depth interviews to provide first-hand perspectives into whether shipping sentiments impact the shipping market trend. It builds upon existing literature on the present stance of deep learning models, which largely relies non-sentiment factors. The study also extends prior literature on hyperparameter searching methods by highlighting the structure of searching method. Besides this, the contribution of this study also aligns with the prior discussions on evolving methodologies in temporal forecasting research Practical implications This study implies that shipping sentiments enables to make better shipping marketing trends, and foster sustainable growth. Shipping fear index serves for measuring investors’ attitude and mood toward shipping markets in terms of the general and certain sectors or assets, possibly promoting the movement of price and providing long-term investors and active traders with trading or arbitrage opportunities. Due to the complexities and regulations of the shipping market, it is essential to collaborate exclusively with shipping sentiment indices with artificial intelligent model in shipping market forecasting research

An in-Depth Exploration of Consumer and Consumer Representative Views on Chronic Pain Management in Australia: A Key Informant Interview Study

Chronic pain affects millions of Australians. Despite guidelines recommending non-pharmacological approaches as the first line treatment, opioid medications remain among the most common treatments. This study interviewed consumers and consumer representatives (i.e., representatives of peak pain advocacy organizations in Australia) to gain first-hand perspectives on chronic pain treatment in Australia. Individual semi-structured Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with three consumers and three representatives were undertaken. Interviews were transcribed, and thematic analysis applied. Results showed that consumers and consumer representatives identified critical treatment access barriers. Another shared theme related to overarching principles of care, with sub-themes pertaining to the need for an interdisciplinary approach and pain education. A further shared theme focused on typical medical interventions, with one shared subtheme regarding the benefits and drawbacks of pain medications. Both groups highlighted the importance of a biopsychosocial approach with consideration of mental health, particularly related to perceived stigma and comorbidities. These findings highlight that chronic pain remains both undertreated and inadequately treated in Australia. There is a critical need to use novel approaches to overcome access barriers and stigma, and to advance precision medicine to match patients to the treatment most likely to be of benefit as early as possible in their journey.

From Selfies to Surgery: Unveiling Trends and Ethical Considerations in Facial Feminization on Instagram.

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is a critical gender-affirming intervention utilized to alleviate gender dysphoria. This study investigates the role of Instagram in shaping public perceptions and disseminating information about FFS. The authors analyzed the most recent 500 Instagram posts using the hashtag "#facialfeminizationsurgery" through a nonbiased data scraping platform between June 1, 2023 and October 13, 2023. Posts were categorized, for example, by tone, author, hospital, practice location, and whether it was a patient or physician-reported outcome. Of the posts, 85% connoted a positive tone. Health care providers and organizations posted 65.4% of content. Geographic breakdown showed that of posts written in English, 55% of health care providers were from the United States. The top 3 most frequently cited locations outside of the United States were India (25.2%), England (19.1%), and South Korea (16.0%). Common themes among posts were perception of FFS and whether it be deemed cosmetic or reconstructive, ethical considerations, and insurance/funding. 36% of posts were advertisements, and 20% were educational, which emphasized the role of social media in disseminating information. This study emphasizes the dynamic nature of social media and its large impact on FFS with regard to disseminating accurate information, navigating the patient-physician relationship, and posting ethical content. The demographics of the users and posts show growing global interest in FFS, a largely positive tone from users, and a large presence of health care workers. Lastly, Instagram is an educational tool for FFS and spreads awareness of insurance and issues faced by patients through first-hand perspectives.

"I seemed calmer, clearer, and better able to react to challenging situations": phenomenological reflections on learning about mindfulness in health professions education.

It is widely acknowledged that healthcare practitioner well-being is under threat, as many factors like excessive workloads, perceived lack of organizational support, the rapid introduction of new technologies, repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, and other factors have transformed the health care workplace. Distress, anxiety and burnout are on the rise, and are particularly concerning for health professions' students who must navigate challenging academic and clinical demands, in addition to personal responsibilities. While not a panacea for the systemic issues at play, 'mindfulness practices' have shown some promise in supporting students to navigate stressful environments. Yet despite calls for more phenomenological studies, little is known about health professions students' lived experiences of learning about and using mindfulness in higher education contexts. The objective of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to inquire into the first-hand lived experiences of health professions students by examining their written reflections on learning about and using mindfulness in a higher education context. The study reports on themes identified in an analysis of students' phenomenological reflections written during and following a mindfulness elective course offered at a Canadian University. The analysis revealed four predominant themes: (a) reframing perceptions, (b)'being' while 'doing', (c) witnessing the struggle, and (d) compassion for self and others. In a time when health professionals are increasingly under strain, and systemic reform is needed but slow to take shape, the findings of this study reveal potential affordances of mindfulness for helping students to navigate the myriad of challenges they face. The findings are unique in their in-depth exploration of students' reflections on the experience of learning about and engaging in 'mindfulness practices' in a higher education context. The findings contribute first-hand perspectives to the evolving field of mindfulness education research and generate new conversations about mindfulness education in the health professions curriculum.

Understanding Civil Servants’ Perspectives on Public Sector Reforms in Liberia, Case Study on the Ministry of Finance

In this study, the researcher delves into the perspectives of civil servants on public sector reforms in Liberia, aiming to provide valuable insights into the effectiveness and sustainability of reform initiatives. The main objective is to understand the nuanced views of civil servants within the Ministry of Finance regarding ongoing reform efforts and their implications for policy design and implementation. Public sector reforms in Liberia have been a critical area of focus in recent years, with various initiatives aimed at enhancing efficiency, transparency, and service delivery. Understanding how civil servants perceive these reforms is essential for ensuring their success and relevance in the Liberian context. This study adopts a qualitative research approach, utilizing a mixed-methods design that includes in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, combined with a survey questionnaire to gather comprehensive firsthand perspectives from civil servants working within the Ministry of Finance. Primary data collection methods are employed to capture the nuanced experiences and insights of frontline government employees involved in the reform process. The findings reveal a range of perspectives among civil servants, highlighting both challenges and opportunities in the implementation of public sector reforms. Themes such as resistance to change, capacity building needs, and the importance of stakeholder engagement emerge as key considerations in shaping the success of reform initiatives. By incorporating these frontline perspectives into policy discussions, policymakers can enhance the relevance and effectiveness of reform strategies in Liberia.

We don’t have government here: banditry and the polycrisis of governance in northwest Nigeria

ABSTRACT This study provides evidence on the evolution and dynamics of banditry and how they are enabled through interlocking factors of governance deficits in northwest Nigeria. It relies on first-hand perspectives gathered covertly and directly from the bandits, defectors, residents, and victims. The paper provides a significant contribution to knowledge by analysing the real and potential impacts of banditry. It links causation to the effects, and shows how the continuous interaction of these factors generates a cycle of polycrisis in northwest Nigeria. The study yields insights for theory and offers direction on the policy imperatives for combatting banditry. The paper concludes that the governance framework to eliminate, neutralise, and disrupt banditry must embrace four strategies − the peacebuilding approach, security sector reform, development, and strategic social support to victims.

“The Game Was Ruined For Me There:" Examining the Mental Health Byproducts of the Transfer Portal and NIL on Student-Athletes

Two rule changes have brought seismic changes to collegiate sports in the United States—the right for college athletes to monetize their Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL), and the Transfer Portal for athletes looking to switch schools. Qualitative interviews with 16 college athletes, explored the mental health byproducts of these new athlete opportunities. The interviews suggest that many athletes are hesitant to participate in NIL due to a lack of guidance. The study also found that college athletes believe entering the Transfer Portal to be a highly stressful experience, comparing the process to being recruited out of high school. However, the accessibility of the Transfer Portal also helps students leave situations that are negatively impacting their mental health faster and easier than before. Since college athletes are a highly at-risk demographic of college athletes for mental health issues, their first-hand perspective can help on-campus staff and administrators have a better understanding of what is needed to give collegiate athletes the best possible experience to learn and develop as students and citizens.

Perspectives from the frontline: Nurses’ experiences of adolescent engagement in sexual and reproductive health services

Background: Nurses have a critical role to play in the delivery of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services to adolescents and young people. Nurses’ interactions with adolescents and young people can shape sexual and reproductive behaviours and outcomes, including willingness to access and engage with healthcare services. However, little research from low- and middle-income contexts has explored nurses’ firsthand perspectives regarding their relationships with adolescents and young people in the context of SRH service provision, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: This study explored nurses’ perceptions of working with adolescents and young people as well as how these impressions manifest in one-on-one exchanges between nurses and young patients. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 nurses providing SRH services to adolescents and young people and based at public health facilities in urban, peri-urban and rural areas within a health sub-district of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Results: While many nurses described the challenges facing adolescents and young people in an empathic way and expressed a desire and willingness to engage with and educate them, some found it ‘difficult to break through’. Nurses linked this difficulty to the shame adolescents and young people feel when discussing SRH concerns, but also to them having ‘attitude’ and ‘not listening’. Findings highlight how while nurses may genuinely care about providing services to their young patients, internal and social biases may impact their motivation and willingness to effectively support adolescents and young people within the context of SRH service provision. To improve patient–provider relations, we suggest a focus on practical and participatory interventions to improve interpersonal dynamics.

Bringing Project Management to life: The value of experiential learning through Virtual tours and engagement with Project professionals

This study explores the significance of experiential learning in project management education by utilising virtual tours and engaging with industry professionals. In collaboration with an external organisation, we developed a virtual tour video that showcases real world project management practices. The video provides a comprehensive view of a major project, featuring insights from more than 40 professionals. Inside the classroom, we combined this virtual tour with direct interactions with project professionals from the organisation. Students gained firsthand perspectives on how to apply theoretical concepts in practice. Feedback indicated that the virtual tour and engagement with professionals provided valuable real-world context, effectively bridging theory, and application. Students appreciated the interactive and well-structured experience. To enhance its impact further, we suggest diversifying perspectives, extending its duration, and striking a balance between theory and practical content.

Maximizing Solar Integration: Enhancing Off-grid Rural Energy Storage in Zambia

Energy stands as an indispensable aspect of contemporary human life. This study endeavours to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of photovoltaics (PV) for sustainable electricity supply in Africa, with a particular focus on Zambia. The primary objectives include assessing the current state of PV integration, identifying key obstacles, and highlighting potential applications in critical areas such as irrigation, rural electrification, and water heating. Drawing upon the latest research on PV in Africa, this study synthesizes information from the top ten most cited studies, with a specific emphasis on the complexities involved in large-scale PV integration. The research design entails a comprehensive review of technical aspects such as storage and bifacial modules, providing insights into the challenges faced in optimizing PV systems. The study primarily centres on Zambia, a country endowed with significant solar potential. Through case studies, it demonstrates the feasibility of employing PV for vital applications such as irrigation and rural electrification. The timeframe encompasses recent years, reflecting the dynamic nature of PV research and implementation. To evaluate the advantages and obstacles of PV adoption, a multifaceted approach is employed. This includes examining the potential of PV in specific applications, analyzing electrification rates in Zambian urban and rural areas (57% and 13% respectively), and identifying barriers such as high costs, inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of training. Additionally, thermal systems are considered, emphasizing both untapped potential and the limitations of solar cookers. The study incorporates interviews conducted in Lwangwa Village to gather firsthand perspectives on the use and necessity of energy. Furthermore, data from previous literature is utilized to compile valuable insights into the demand for clean energy in Zambia. Key findings underscore the untapped potential of PV in Zambia, highlighting its capacity to enhance energy access and reduce emissions. However, significant challenges exist, necessitating targeted policies, financial mechanisms, and community engagement to foster widespread adoption. Addressing infrastructure limitations, maintenance needs, costs, and social factors is essential to fully realize the benefits of PV implementation. Zambia's abundant solar resources present a promising pathway towards sustainable energy. However, strategic planning and support are imperative for successful PV integration. Future research endeavors should focus on investigating specific challenges arising from clean energy adoption, including potential health effects and negative impacts, to further advance sustainable energy initiatives.

AI Applications for Fiqh Rulings in Islamic Banks – Shariah Committee Acceptance

Purpose ‒ The objective of this paper is to study the acceptance of applications of AI in the fiqh ruling process of Islamic banking, among Shariah committees (SC) members of Islamic banks Design/Methodology/Approach ‒ This is a qualitative study using focus group interviews with ten SC members from different Islamic banks. Following the interviews, a thematic analysis of the transcribed data was conducted using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS). Findings ‒ The participants were generally receptive towards the utilization of AI tools in the fiqh ruling process at Islamic banks. The participants recognize the potential of AI smart assistants for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the fiqh ruling process. However, they raised some concerns and expectations that need to be addressed. Originality/Value ‒ The novelty of this research comes from sourcing first-hand perspectives of SC members of Islamic banks in Malaysia. Being the end users of AI systems for the fiqh ruling of Islamic banking, it is important to understand their perceptions, concerns, and expectations Research Limitations/Implications ‒ The size of focus group was limited to ten participants to optimize group size and composition in order to allow adequate participation by each group member. Further sampling from more SC members may elicit additional findings Practical Implications ‒ The first-hand views from the target users provides valuable input for initiatives developing AI systems for the fiqh ruling process of Islamic banking

Authentic Mindfulness Within Mindfulness-Based Interventions: A Qualitative Study of Participants' Experiences

There are concerns that participants of some modern mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are receiving a superficial form of mindfulness training. However, empirical investigation of this issue according to participants’ first-hand experiences has been limited. Thus, this qualitative study aimed to capture the first-hand perspectives relating to authentic mindfulness of participants who had recently attended an MBI in the UK. Ten adults completed a recorded, online semistructured interview. Based on a thematic analysis, the following four master themes were identified: (a) authentic mindfulness as a construct, (b) positive aspects of the training, (c) something missing, and (d) recommendations for authenticity. Although all participants experienced benefits from the MBI, they felt that the mindfulness training they received lacked spiritual depth. Implications for the design and delivery of MBIs are discussed.

Putting the 'S' of ESG into Asset Pricing from a First-hand Perspective -Employee Satisfaction and Stock Returns: Evidence from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland

Putting the 'S' of ESG into Asset Pricing from a First-hand Perspective -Employee Satisfaction and Stock Returns: Evidence from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland

Open Doors: Understanding LGBTQ-Affirming Perspectives in Church Leadership

LGBTQ Americans experience an internal conflict with Chritianity at a greater rate than their heterosexual counterparts (Pew Research Center, 2013). Previous research has found that religious acceptance of LGBTQ people may increase the well-being of LGBTQ people (Miller, Watson, Eisenberga, 2020). Little research has been conducted relating to the viewpoints of LGBTQ-affirming church clergy. Knowing their viewpoints will provide a first-hand perspective on the impact of LGBTQ acceptance in the church. This can be used to inform the public on how to best support LGBTQ people. In this qualitative phenomenological research study, 6 clergy members from various LGBTQ-affirming churches were interviewed regarding their personal viewpoints and experiences, as well as their church’s ways of supporting LGBTQ people. 5 key themes were identified in their answers: demographic factors, religious experiences, religious beliefs, LGBTQ experiences, and childhood role models. After reviewing main findings, societal implications are discussed, with an emphasis on applying the research to creating more tolerant religious spaces.

Social motivation by self- and caregiver-report: Reporter concordance and social correlates among autistic and neurotypical youth.

Differences in social motivation underlie the core social-communication features of autism according to several theoretical models, with decreased social motivation among autistic youth relative to neurotypical peers. However, research on social motivation often relies on caregiver reports and rarely includes firsthand perspectives of children and adolescents with autism. Furthermore, social motivation is typically assumed to be constant across social settings when it may actually vary by social context. Among a sample of 58 verbally fluent youth (8-13 years old; 22 with autism, 36 neurotypical), we examined correspondence between youth and caregiver reports of social motivation with peers and with adults, as well as diagnostic group differences and associations with social outcomes. Results suggest youth and caregivers provide overlapping but distinct information. Autistic youth had lower levels of social motivation relative to neurotypical youth, and reported relatively consistent motivation toward peers and adults. Youth self- and caregiver-report were correlated for motivation toward adults, but not toward peers. Despite low correspondence between self- and caregiver-reported motivation toward peers, autistic youths' self-report corresponded to caregiver-reported social skills and difficulties whereas caregiver-report of peer motivation did not. For neurotypical youth, self- and caregiver-reported motivation toward adults was correlated, but motivation by both reporters was largely independent of broader social outcomes. Findings highlight the unique value of self-report among autistic children and adolescents, and warrant additional work exploring the development, structure, and correlates of social motivation among autistic and neurotypical youth.