First Half Of XVII Century Research Articles

WORD-FORMING FEATURES OF CHURCH SLAVONIC IN THE UKRAINIAN WRITTEN SOURCES OF THE XVI – THE FIRST HALF OF THE XVII CENTURY

The article is devoted to the functioning of Church Slavonic nouns formed by prefix and prefix-suffix methods, based on the materials of various genres and styles of secular written sources, which were included in the canon «Dictionary of the Ukrainian language of the XVI – first half of the XVII century» and its unique Card File. The main word-forming models of Church Slavonic vocabulary with the prefixes въз- (воз-) / въс- (вос-), въ- (в-, во-), из- / ис-, пред-, пре- (прѣ-), раз- / рас-, съ- (со-), which are borrowed from the Proto-Slavic period through Old Slavic mediation into the Old Ukrainian language, are analyzed. With these prefixes, more than 120 verb Church Slavonic nouns are attested in the researched sources (25 tokens are formed by the prefix method, the rest are confix derivatives). It was learned that not all formants in the Ukrainian language of XVI – first half of XVII century equally participated in the creation of Church Slavonic nouns. The most productive word-forming types, from which abstract Church Slavonicisms were formed, were the types with prepositional elements въз- (воз-), из- / ис-, раз- / рас-, съ- (со-) and with another affix -ниє (-ніє, -нїє). A number of derivatives to denote the names of persons are certified with postpositive components –тель and -никъ. Unproductive were the confixes with the suffixes -ость, -ница, -окъ, -ище. The Church Slavonic words, which are researched, are numerically represented in the works of polemical literature and texts of business and scientific styles. A small number of derivatives are recorded in fiction (including poetry) and chronicle literature of the time under study. It has been observed that some Church Slavonic nouns, formed in a prefix or prefix-suffix way, have expanded their meanings in the Old Ukrainian language. Some of them were core components in various phrases.

ПРИЙМЕННИК ДѢЛӔ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МОВІ XVI-XVII СТОЛІТЬ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ГРАМАТИКИ ТА СЕМАНТИКИ

The article analyzes the grammar point, which deals with question of functioning of the prepositions in the Ukrainian language from the XVI–XVIІ centuries, including works explored by L. Zyzanii, M. Smotrytskyi. Although these reviewed works do not contain any information about preposition дѣлӕ at that time, I. Uzhevych’s grammar fixes its variant длӕ. Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian language of the XIV–XV centuries indicates that the language unit дѣлӕ used as a preposition that expresses relations of purpose in postposition to noun and relations of cause in front position regarding the noun. Dictionary of the Ukrainian language of the XVI – first half of XVII century presents wider semantic structure of the preposition дѣлѧ (дѣля, дилѧ, диле, дѣли): purpose, cause and object relations. Also the article presents the specifics of functioning of the derivative preposition дѣлӕ, describes its paradigmatic relation-ships. The research based on the materials of Lviv Stauropegion Brotherhood documents dated the XVI–XVIІ centuries. It is examined a semantic structure, shown the compatibility of investigated preposition with the genitive case. We found that the largest part of preposition constructions with genitive case expressing the aim of action. Apart from that, there is one more specific feature: this linguistic unit could use before noun and after it, while the most of prepositions stand in front of the noun or pronoun. Preposition дѣлӕ has not broad semantic relationships: with the genitive case it expresses only two types of semantic relations (we submit it to the frequency of use): purpose and cause. In comparison with functioning of the preposition длӕ investigated preposition had narrow semantic structure and less extensive coverage in the texts of Lviv Stauropegion Brotherhood documents. In fact, we observe the process of functional extinction of the preposition дѣлӕ. Although it belonged to a very ancient language units, it archaized and did not use in the contemporary Ukrainian language.

The Russian-Chechen relations in XVI–XVII centuries

The following paper investigates the Russian-Chechen relations in XVIXVII centuries. The authors note that the Caucasus was in the sphere of Russian foreign policy at the time of the Russian centralized state formation. With the annexation of the Astrakhan khanate, Russia came to the Caucasus border and the Caucasian direction started to occupy a leading place in the Eastern policy of the tsarist government. The Caucasus in the XVI century was an object of a tense struggle between the two most powerful States of the then Middle East Ottoman Empire and Safavid Iran and at the same time a bridgehead, where there was a constant threat to the southern outskirts of Russia from these States and the Crimean khanate. The strengthening of Russia on the Caucasian lands could become the most reliable means to ensure the safety of the South of Russia. So in the XVII and XVII centuries, the North Caucasus was Russias military-strategic interest or, in modern language, a geopolitical one. Chechnya came under the influence of Russia in 1567, when the first Russian militarized city Terek in the North Caucasus was founded. For the peoples of the North Caucasus and of Chechnya the appearance of a Russian fortress on their land was of great political importance. Thus, it was vital for Russia to gain a foothold in the North Caucasus, as the enemy (Iran and Turkey) could do it, which was unsafe for Russias southern borders. It was during this period (late sixteenth century) when close military and political ties of the Moscow government and the Chechens were established. The Moscow government was interested in Chechnya because of its geographical location the immediate proximity to the towns of Terek and the fact that its territory was the most convenient means of communication with Georgia. The relationship between Chechnya and Russia at the end of XVI first half of XVII century was almost an ideal model of a peaceful rapprochement of the Chechen with the Moscow government for those conditions and at that time. The Russian authorities did not interfere in the internal affairs of the Chechen societies, they did not impose their own rules or laws, being satisfied with the results of the hostages, the payment of tribute and, if necessary, temporary military service. This led to the fact that in the XVII century allied relations of Chechnya societies with Russia were established. However, at the end of the XVII century Russian-Caucasian connection was significantly weakened.

Analysis of Ukrainian ethno-cultural and ethic processes in the first half of XVII century

This article is devoted to analysis of Ukrainian ethno-cultural development and ethnic processes in the first half of the XVII century. The author studied the dynamic changes of directly and indirectly related to then ethno-cultural development and its main elements: language, territory, traditional culture, Orthodox religion, identity, historical memory and so on

Oratorium w Rzymie od XVII do XVIII wieku

Do powstania nowego wokalno-instrumentalnego gatunku muzycznego, który bujnie rozkwitał w okresie baroku, przyczyniła się działalność rzymskiego kapłana św. Filipa Neriego. W specjalnie na ten cel przeznaczonym budynku – zwanym w języku włoskim oratorio – organizował nabożeństwa połączone ze śpiewaniem laud. Pojęcie „oratorium”, pierwotnie oznaczające pomieszczenie modlitewne, odnoszono później do nieliturgicznych i muzycznych nabożeństw, które tam odprawiano. Laudi spiritualistopniowo zastąpione przez madrigali spirituali i motetti concertati posiadały często charakter śpiewów dialogowanych. Z tych form, w I połowie XVII wieku wykształciły się dwa typy oratorium: ludowe (oratorio volgare) i łacińskie (oratorio latino). Treścią kompozycji był nieliturgiczny tekst religijny, który czerpiąc inspiracje z Biblii, przedstawiał: starotestamentalne historie i postaci, nowotestamentalne wydarzenia i przypowieści, a także alegoryczne dialogi pomiędzy Chrystusem i duszą chrześcijanina. W oratorium, śpiewacy, którym towarzyszyła orkiestra (a niekiedy chór), wykonując określone role dramatu, nie korzystali ze środków gry aktorskiej. Oratorium jako nośnik treści religijnej służyło liturgii i stawało się jej dopełnieniem.

Aportación al platero Juan Bautista de Herrera

This article aims to release new data about the silversmith from Cordoba Juan Bautista de Herrera and his work in this city during the first half of XVII century. Unpublished biographical references are provided and hitherto unknown works of the artist, as in the ambit of religious silverwork as in the domestic use silver, are also documented. Extra information regarding some previously studied works of the artist is also provided.