Readiness Of Firms Research Articles

Investigating digital marketing readiness among tourism firms: an emerging economy perspective

ABSTRACT The study aimed at investigating the readiness of firms in the tourism industry to adopt digital marketing as a marketing strategy – from an emerging economy perspective. The technology–organisation–environment framework and technology acceptance model were used to identify potential determinants of firms’ intention to adopt digital marketing. Data was collected from a sample of 191 tour and travel agencies using standardised questionnaire. Of the technological, organisational, and environmental factors, convenience, managerial commitment, government regulation, and customer pressure were found to be significant determinants of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of digital marketing. Both the mediating variables (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) were found significant in affecting firms’ intention to adopt digital marketing as a marketing strategy. Leader digital skill was not found to be a significant moderator on the effect of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on intention to adopt digital marketing. Devising conducive policies and regulations, strategic consideration of customer feedback, and creating awareness about the technology are essential for tourism firms and key stakeholders of the sector to capitalise on the advantages of digital marketing.

Relationship between Firm Readiness and the Adoption of Digitalized Marketing Operations Tactics by Chain Supermarkets in Kenya

Purpose: Digitalized marketing operations has transformed the retail sectors by providing access to instantaneous, inexpensive contact among sellers, buyers, investors and advertisers anywhere in the world. This has made traditional marketing and sales strategies less effective in today's markets. However, a digital divide exists between consumers and retailers with many retailers failing to leverage the potential of or meet the digital expectations of their customers. This gap between consumers' expectations and retail offerings puts at risk more than just shopping revenue that physical store could have earned online. It also poses a serious threat to overall revenue and challenges how they respond to and anticipate customers' shopping habits in-store. There are different drivers of adopting digitalized marketing operations tactics, including firm size, firm readiness, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, customer pressure and competitive pressure. This study addressed the relationship between firm readiness and the adoption of digitalized marketing operations tactics by chain supermarkets in Kenya.
 Methodology: The research study considered the positivism research philosophy and adopted a descriptive research design. The study's target population was 180 retail chain supermarket stores in Kenya and all the 180 retail chain supermarkets were included in the sample. The research instrument of the study was a semi-structured questionnaire administered to all the 180 chief operations managers by use of google surveys and/or drop and pick method. The quantitative information was analyzed by the help of SPSS program (v.25.0) and Excel. The findings were presented as averages, standard deviations, counts and percentages using tables.
 Findings: The findings revealed that firm readiness which include technology sufficiency, technology compatibility, human capacity to absorb new technology and top management support (β=0.295, p=0.000) have a positive and significant relationship with the adoption of digitalized marketing operations tactics by chain supermarkets in Kenya. This implies that improvement in 1 unit of the aspects related to firm readiness improves the adoption of digitalized marketing operations tactics by chain supermarkets in Kenya by 0.295 units.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study bridges the gap between theoretical constructs of digital marketing adoption and their practical application within the chain supermarkets in Kenya, offering valuable perspectives that will drive the sector’s growth and competitiveness in the digital age.

Effects of Firm Size on Adoption of Digitalized Marketing Operations Tactics by Chain Supermarkets in Kenya

Purpose: There are different types of drivers of adoption of digitalized marketing operations tactics which include firm size, firm readiness, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, customer pressure and competitive pressure. The purpose of this study was to address the relationship between firm size and the adoption of digitalized marketing operations tactics by chain supermarkets in Kenya. Digitalized marketing operations has transformed the retail sectors by providing access to instantaneous, inexpensive contact among sellers, buyers, investors and advertisers anywhere in the world. This has led to traditional marketing and sales strategies becoming less effective in today’s markets.However, there exist a digital divide between consumers and retailers with many retailers failing to leverage the potential of or meet the digital expectations of their customers. This gap between consumers expectation and retail offerings puts at risk more than just shopping revenue that physical store could have earned online, but also poses a serious threat to overall revenue and a challenge to the way they respond to, and anticipate, customers’ shopping habits in-store.
 Methodology: The research study considered the positivism research philosophy and adopted a descriptive research design. The target population of the study was 180 retail chain supermarkets stores in Kenya and all the 180 retail chain supermarkets were included in the sample. The research instrument of the study was a semi-structured questionnaire administered to all the 180 chief operations managers by use of google surveys and/or drop and pick method. The quantitative information was analysed by the help of SPSS program (v.25.0) and Excel.
 Findings: The findings were presented in form of averages, standard deviations, counts and percentages by use of tables. The findings revealed that firm size which include number of employees, number of branches and monthly average customer turnovers (β=0.459, p=0.000) have a positive and significant relationship with the adoption of digitalized marketing operations tactics by chain supermarkets in Kenya. This implies that improvement in 1 unit of the aspects related to firm size improves the adoption of digitalized marketing operations tactics by chain supermarkets in Kenya by 0.253 units.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: From the findings, the study recommends the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the chain supermarket industry to embrace digital marketing operations tactics and also provide additional support and resources to help them overcome the barriers to adoption. It also recommends creation of awareness among larger firms about the benefits of digital marketing operations tactics, and the potential competitive advantage they can provide. The Diffusion of Innovation theory was validated and provided valuable insights into the factors influencing the adoption of digitalized marketing operations tactics by chain supermarkets in Kenya.

Firm Readiness for Corporate Entrepreneurship

Firm Readiness for Corporate Entrepreneurship

An Industry 4.0 readiness model for new technology exploitation

PurposeConsidering the importance and the broad applications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in various organizations and industries and enjoying the many benefits of this digital transformation framework, organizations need to measure their Industry 4.0 readiness as a starting point and take steps to achieve the strategic goals of Industry 4.0. This study aims to design a comprehensive and practical model that can determine Industry 4.0 readiness level, allowing organizations to implement and exploit technological constituents of this phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review (SLR) methodology was used to evaluate and summarize a clear and comprehensive literature overview of Industry 4.0 readiness models and to certify the validity and transparency of the review process. After reviewing 71 articles and survey and then the consensus of Industry 4.0 experts, the 10 dimensions of the 4.0 Industry readiness model were finalized with their indicators having the most frequency in the published articles and models.FindingsThe application of the SLR to the development of the new Industry 4.0 readiness model which includes 10 dimensions and 37 indicators and can assess the Industry 4.0 readiness of firms and industries accurately and effectively.Research limitations/implicationsAn extensive review of the previous literature yielded the current Industry 4.0 readiness model. The comprehensiveness of this model leads to its wide application in different companies. Future research suggestions are presented at the end of the manuscript.Practical implicationsThe concept of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the application of its technologies are vague and complicated for many organizations and managers, while the need to implement the components and technologies of Industry 4.0 is essential to achieve organizational goals. The presented readiness model helps companies to measure their readiness to enter the Fourth Industrial Revolution and achieve long-term goals.Originality/valueIn this study, an attempt was made to examine the Industry 4.0 readiness models thoroughly and extensively and identify their different approaches. Finally, a comprehensive and multi-dimensional readiness model is presented to assess the position of organizations in order to enter Industry 4.0.

PECULIARITIES OF MANAGING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REGIONAL INNOVATIVE TRANSFORMATIONS

The article examines the problems of innovative transformations of domestic industries in view of the state and attractiveness of the innovative environment, in which the leading place belongs to scientific research. It was noted that among all spheres of activity, it was science that suffered the most significant losses. In Ukraine, there is a tendency to reduce the number of researchers, which leads to a gradual degradation of the scientific potential. The state of technology transfer according to the first, second and third strategic priorities is of concern because this is a real sector of the economy on which the country's competitiveness depends and which needs reengineering transformations in the first place. The concept of technological reengineering in conditions of clustering of the national economy relies on enterprises of the high-tech sector. The science-intensive sector in Ukraine generates GDP at the level of the most backward countries in the world due to too few types of economic activity (FDI) that meet the criteria of high technology. At the same time, its share of added value in output is the largest among other technological sectors. This shows that science produces high-tech and competitive products. The cluster with its system of connections is aimed at creating systems of machines that meet the needs of the market. For modern clusters of knowledge-intensive production, such a task can be accomplished if attention is focused not only on resource provision, but also on various (several) determinants of market demand, which are formed on the types of market activity. It is justified that the cluster with its communication system is aimed at creating machine systems that meet the needs of the market. The combination of all components of the effect has a positive effect on the readiness of firms and organizations to cooperate with cluster structures, and this is a factor of regional development.

PECULIARITIES OF MANAGING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REGIONAL INNOVATIVE TRANSFORMATIONS

The article examines the problems of innovative transformations of domestic industries in view of the state and attractiveness of the innovative environment, in which the leading place belongs to scientific research. It was noted that among all spheres of activity, it was science that suffered the most significant losses. In Ukraine, there is a tendency to reduce the number of researchers, which leads to a gradual degradation of the scientific potential. The state of technology transfer according to the first, second and third strategic priorities is of concern because this is a real sector of the economy on which the country's competitiveness depends and which needs reengineering transformations in the first place. The concept of technological reengineering in conditions of clustering of the national economy relies on enterprises of the high-tech sector. The science-intensive sector in Ukraine generates GDP at the level of the most backward countries in the world due to too few types of economic activity (FDI) that meet the criteria of high technology. At the same time, its share of added value in output is the largest among other technological sectors. This shows that science produces high-tech and competitive products. The cluster with its system of connections is aimed at creating systems of machines that meet the needs of the market. For modern clusters of knowledge-intensive production, such a task can be accomplished if attention is focused not only on resource provision, but also on various (several) determinants of market demand, which are formed on the types of market activity. It is justified that the cluster with its communication system is aimed at creating machine systems that meet the needs of the market. The combination of all components of the effect has a positive effect on the readiness of firms and organizations to cooperate with cluster structures, and this is a factor of regional development.

The Application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Quantity Surveying Firm Towards Quality Improvement

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a detailed process of designing and building in construction industry collaboratively by using one integrated system generated by computer rather than separate the work by separate drawings. On the other hand, it provides a large amount of benefit in terms of cost saving and time, much better accuracy in estimation and reducing arithmetical error and any amendment due to loss of information. Existing studies have determined the quantity surveying firm readiness due to BIM implementation in Malaysia. However, this research is aimed to establish the status of BIM application in quantity surveying firms for quality improvement, especially in current practices by unveiling the present findings. The study objectives are to find out the importance of BIM in the construction industry, to investigate the challenges faced by quantity surveying firms in the implementation of BIM and to suggest a suitable solution for quality improvement to quantity surveying firms. The data collection was conducted by using the quantitative method, which is through the questionnaire survey. The scope is narrowed down to quantity surveying firms that registered in Board of Quantity Surveyors Malaysia at Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia only. The findings of this study revealed that quantity surveying firms had difficulties in implementing BIM due to lack of capability and complexity in using BIM software itself such as Cubicost by Glodon. It also revealed difficulties in collaboration during implementing BIM software which causes the firms to decline from using BIM. Hopefully, this research will help the quantity surveying firms by giving a clear exposure on the BIM implementation and how to use it in their current practices for quality improvement.

Motivating immersive BIM uptake through user attitude: analysis of initial solution using design science approach

PurposeBeyond a mandated use, rationales behind executive choice to accept or reject building information modelling (BIM) are ambiguous. BIM acceptance is complex for organisations, and existing decision-making models are impractical to make realistic choices. A practical solution must assist a holistic reflection of internal and external BIM success factors. Nevertheless, extant literature is largely focused on software use and awareness. Thus, this paper aims to suggest a novel framework for assessing firm readiness, aimed at facilitating BIM uptake.Design/methodology/approachExtant explanatory studies are inadequate in assessing the soft nature of BIM uptake. Thus, a design science research was employed as an alternative methodology. A means-end analysis was utilised for solution incubation, and cross-disciplinary reasoning, the strategy to establish valid solutions on firm readiness. Previous studies were reviewed on BIM, technology acceptance (generally) and complexity.Findings“Technology attitude” is presented as involving more holistic variables than a simplistic reliance on software use to mirror BIM acceptance. Technology acceptance model (TAM) is appropriate to explain BIM attitude attributes, but its current use is sub-optimal. Selective information processing and unconscious thought theory were integrated into TAM to explain attitude formation from multiple perspectives, resulting in a novel BIM attitude scale (BIMAS). Upon verification, the proposed framework will facilitate an objective authentication of biases that associate with BIM acceptance.Originality/valueWhilst BIM readiness is assessed largely with a primary focus on theory building, practical relevance must be at the forefront of BIM development. This study articulates that design science research can enhance the practical relevance of BIM adoption models. BIM acceptance attitude must be assessed through a verified scale contrary to the assessment of self-biases of executives in literature. BIMAS suggests a testable solution for this. Theory building research must be the future focus to enhance the relevance of this initial solution.

Assessing Firm Readiness to Adopt Cluster-Based Innovative Projects: A Segmentation Analysis

As innovation has garnered substantial attention on corporate success and sustainability, organizations must evaluate internal contexts to determine potential innovative practices and benefits. Firms need to investigate the determining factors of innovation preparedness as organizational innovation practices are catalyzed through internal elements. This study evaluates small and medium firms’ readiness to adopt and execute collaborative innovative projects within a future cluster and its impacts on organizational advantages, intentions, and attributes. Thereby, three dimensions were considered in examining organizational preparedness, namely, climate, culture, and motivation. A total of 70 firms operating in the labeled agri-food sector in Morocco were interviewed and homogenously classified using integrated hierarchical and non-hierarchical algorithms, following a segmentation approach. Three segments were identified, stressing the degree of organizational readiness to undertake innovative projects within future service clusters. The segments varied according to the firm’s sub-sector, experience, and resources. Considering the association of readiness with benefits and practical aims, the results broaden firm preparedness understanding to adopt innovative projects. The results also illustrate the relevance of adapting both innovative and beneficial project arrangements for firms with minor to moderate experience while addressing current issues across different segments.

Hybrid Approach to Corporate Sustainability Performance in Indonesia’s Cement Industry

This study aimed to create a solid framework for decision-making in Indonesia’s cement industry, emphasizing those factors which bring about the most impactful results. The framework was developed using the fuzzy Delphi method, the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory, and a fuzzy Kano model. This study builds a hierarchical structure to approach the impact of corporate sustainability performance. We classify important factors into causes or effects and further identify those factors which are critical to improving the performance of Indonesia’s cement industry. Although corporate sustainability performance is a crucial topic in today’s business environment, sustainability strategies remain underrated in Indonesia. We confirm the validity of 19 factors within the following dimensions: environmental impact, social sustainability, economic gain, technological feasibility, and institutional compliance. The sub-dimensions of community interest, risk-taking ability, and regulatory compliance were identified as causes of perceived risks and benefits. In contrast, the following factors were identified as critical to improving corporate sustainability performance: renewable energy resources, contributions to charity, the perception of management regarding technology as a differentiator, and firm readiness to collaborate with high-tech companies.

Maturity Model Assessment of SMART Logistics for SMEs

The objective of this study is to propose and operationalise a maturity model assessment of SMART logistics for SMEs. Under the current substantial changes in business practices, the concept of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has amplified the complexity of the business eco-system, especially for SMEs. Several SMEs have attempted to cultivate the benefits of the technological advancement under the I4.0 concept; however, due to the increasing complexity of technological capabilities and development of adequate strategies, a rising concern of uncertainty hinders the adaptation of new management practices such as SMART logistics. The current paper intends to contribute to fill the scientific ‘gap’ with the question on how SMEs may assess their readiness in adapting the I4.0 and how they could plan their activities and operations to heighten firms’ competitive advantage through SMART logistics in the current business environment. Overall, the authors have identified six dimensions and assigned 18 items for assessing the maturity of I4.0 for SMEs. The model has been transformed into a practical tool that can be used to test the readiness of firms in a real business environment.

Industry 4.0 Accelerating Sustainable Manufacturing in the COVID-19 Era: Assessing the Readiness and Responsiveness of Italian Regions

An unpredictable shock hit the Italian economy in February 2020 when the spread of the COVID-19 virus began in Italy and other countries worldwide. In this context, Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies can be a fundamental tool for economic recovery by favouring the shift towards sustainable manufacturing. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the readiness of countries for I4.0 in order to guide policies in defining incentives to promote I4.0 and unlock its potential in the pandemic era. In this context, the paper aims to understand the readiness and responsiveness of the Italian Regions with respect to I4.0 concepts prior to the pandemic and identify best practices that are supporting companies in I4.0 adoption, with a focus on those incentivizing sustainable practices. An assessment framework before the pandemic is provided based on two dimensions: the readiness of firms to invest in I4.0 and favourable structural conditions. The assessment shows a group of alert regions as opposed to a group of unprepared, mostly linked Northern and Southern differences. Assuming that the “alert regions” are more likely to effectively manage and overcome the post- COVID-19 crisis, we provide a picture of how the Italian Regions have sought to encourage the adoption of digital technologies to improve resilience after the shock. The analysis shows that supporting measures mainly address Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Furthermore, the tenders encouraging the adoption of I4.0 suggest that collaboration among stakeholders will become imperative.

State of Readiness of Nigerian Construction Industry towards Digital Transformation: The Construction Professionals’ Perception

Aim: This study examines the extent of readiness of Nigeria construction firms toward digital transformation within the study area.
 Study Design: It was a survey research, questionnaires containing information relating to digital Technologies, trend and transformation were administered randomly to selected construction practitioners in Anambra State, Nigeria.
 Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Anambra State, Nigeria for a period of 6 months.
 Methodology: A total of 84 questionnaires were administered to selected respondents; 80 copies were completed, returned and found useful, thus, giving a response rate of 95%. Data collected were analysed and presented using mean, percentages, relative importance index (RII), bar charts and pie charts.
 Results: The study found out that 63% of construction professional is satisfied with their firm readiness to digital transformation. However, the application of digital technologies skills and its transformation in the study area is still at foundation level. The use of mobile and social technologies (83%), entrepreneurship (73%) and Customer experience & strategic thinking (59%) are common in the study area while InMemory Databases skills (36%), Cloud Computing (39%) and Big Data Analytics (44%) are rare. Furthermore 35%, 53% 1% and 11% of the firms are planning to kick up digital transformation, undergoing some forms of digital transformation, attained or don’t see the need for digital transformation respectively.
 Conclusion: The study was concluded by recommending that construction practitioners should be properly sensitised on the need to understand and conceptualise on how digital transformation and technology will impact construction processes & activities and ability to manage or work within digitally-savvy environments.

Firm Readiness Level for Innovation Projects: A New Decision-Making Tool for Innovation Managers

Innovation projects represent a major challenge for business managers due to their associated uncertainty degree. The already existing methodologies to support the innovation projects are aimed at piloting them and establishing the management stages in a flexible and agile way during their deployment. This paper proposes a complementary ex-ante methodology that seeks to aid the decision-making of companies to choose whether or not to launch a potential innovation project. This methodology evaluates to what extent the technological system of the company has the minimum required maturity degree of competencies to successfully achieve the innovation project. Thus, in first instance, an innovation project is characterized according to its novelty degree; both inside the company and in its environment. Subsequently, according to the previous characterization, the future project will have an impact on the technological system of the company. The capabilities of the firm are represented by a set of good practices associated with the innovation projects’ management that the company is able to deploy. Finally, the minimum maturity degree required by a particular project of these practices is determined. Then, the gap between the maturity requirement profile and the current profile of the company is established enabling to decide on the implementation of the project or not.

Social Network Site Usage by Small- and Medium-Sized Businesses: Understanding the Motivations and Barriers

This paper contributes to a growing body of research on the process by which small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) adopt social network sites (SNSs) as part of their business strategies. If SMBs make use of SNSs, they could potentially compete with big corporations, flattening the marketplace. Open-ended online survey questions were used to collect data from 24 different social media experts in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Jordan was selected for this study because 90% of its adult Internet users are active on SNSs, a percentage that surpasses many emerging and developed countries. This research project identifies (a) relative advantage, (b) community demand, and (c) interactivity as motivating factors for SNS adoption. The survey results also reveal that (a) top management belief, (b) firm readiness, (c) negative comments and reviews, and (d) a low level of awareness are barriers to SNS adoption by SMBs in Jordan. The present study should prove to be particularly valuable to academics and business managers to formulate their business strategies regarding SNS adoption, and to pave the way for more research to assess likely changes.

Multi-level factors affecting firm competitiveness in ASEAN region of small and medium enterprises of Thailand

This research examined the external and internal factors influencing the competitiveness of SMEs in Thailand operating in the ASEAN context. A quantitative approach was applied using a survey method with a questionnaire as a tool to collect data from a sample of 527 Thai SMEs from June 2016 to March 2017. The findings indicated a relatively medium-to-high level of competitive capacities on the part of Thai SMEs in general. SMEs in the service and manufacturing sectors, as well as firms with international experience, were rated at a high level compared to others. In addition, the analysis of the variables using a structural equation model demonstrated that firm performance had a positive relationship to the level of business competitiveness (r = .43). The research results also indicated the potential competitive capacity development of Thai SMEs, with evidence from relevant variables regarding firm performance, which directly affected the company's competitiveness. Organizational strategy, firm readiness for internationalization, and organizational characteristics were the significant factors that were seen to enhance the competitive capacity of SMEs in Thailand. Hence, entrepreneurs should improve these indices in order to better carry out their business in the region.

Government‒business relations in multilevel systems: the effect of conflict perception on venue choice

In multilevel systems, organised interests, including business firms, can pursue their political goals at different levels. At the same time, national systems of interest representation provide important incentive structures for corporate political behaviour. In this context, corporate political strategy is guided by firms’ perceptions of their relationship with policy-makers. If this relationship is under strain in one venue, firms shift their lobbying effort to alternative venues, subject to constraints reflecting national institutional legacies. Using survey data on 56 large German and British firms, the article investigates empirically how perceptions of government‒business relations and national systems of interest representation interact to shape the political behaviour of large firms in multilevel systems. The analysis shows that perceived conflict with public authorities at the national level leads to increased business lobbying at the EU level. Furthermore, national types of interest representation shape relative business engagement at the EU level as well as the readiness of firms to shift venue.

Translation to Inter-organizational Systems Integration: The Effect of Power and the Mediating Role of the Obligatory Passage Point

IOS integration has become a competitive necessity in recent industrial environment. Thus, in the supply chain, dominant firms often try to exert their power to influence their dependent firms to implement IOS integration. However, whether power helps or hurts an integrated IOS implementation is still an unresolved issue. Mixed results on this issue from prior studies demand a further examination on such a context. Based on the circuits of power framework and the concept of obligatory passage point (OPP), this study identifies three factors that mediate the effect of power on the implementation of IOS integration, including competitive necessity, interestingness, and firm readiness. We accordingly develop a theoretical model with six hypotheses. Based on a sample of 134 manufacturing firms and PLS analysis, all hypotheses receive empirical support from the data. The findings suggest that the flows of exercised power and potential power into IOS integration can go through those mediators. Exercised power can promote competitive necessity that lead dependent firms to perceive greater interestingness and achieve higher firm readiness, resulting in a high level of IOS integration. Potential power supplements exercised power in facilitating interestingness and firm readiness. These two types of power also demonstrate different effects on those mediators. While exercised power has a greater impact on competitive necessity and no impact on interestingness, potential power produces an opposite result. This study therefore clarifies the effect of different types of power on IOS implementation. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are provided.

Supply Chain Game Changers—Mega, Nano, and Virtual Trends—And Forces That Impede Supply Chain Design (i.e., Building a Winning Team)

Strategic systems design is essential to structuring and governing a supply chain for competitive advantage. To effectively co‐create value, decision makers must manage the three rights of supply chain design: right players, right roles, and right relationships. Doing this well requires managers discern how the unwritten competitive rules are changing as well as determine firm readiness to compete. As part of this analysis, we briefly explore five emerging “game changers” that represent potential supply chain design inflection points: (1) Big Data and predictive analytics, (2) additive manufacturing, (3) autonomous vehicles, (4) materials science, and (5) borderless supply chains. We also consider four forces that impede transformation to higher levels of value co‐creation: (1) supply chain security, (2) failed change management, (3) lack of trust as a governance mechanism, and (4) poor understanding of the “luxury” nature of corporate social responsibility initiatives. How well managers address sociostructural and sociotechnical issues will determine firm survivability and success.