Firm Intention Research Articles

The architecture of coopetition: Strategic intent, ambidextrous managers, and knowledge sharing

The study investigates the significance of strategic intent, manager's ambidexterity, and knowledge sharing routines for firms in their quest to pursue coopetition. We utilize the resource-based view and the dynamic capabilities theory to ground our hypotheses. We test the hypotheses using the data collected from 313 firms that engage in coopetition relationships through an online survey. The findings forward knowledge sharing and ambidextrous managers as intervening variables, in that when complemented with knowledge sharing, a firm's strategic intent could better guide the firm's managers to pursue coopetition successfully. Findings further advocate that knowledge sharing complements to enable the relationship between a firm's strategic intent and its ambidextrous managers, as well as the relationship between strategic intent and coopetition. Furthermore, results also indicate that ambidextrous managers, with a skillset of a combination of exploration and exploitation, are positively associated to coopetition. Overall, the findings make important theoretical as well as empirical contributions to the coopetition and strategic alliance literature.

South African Mandatory Offers Regime: Assessing Minorities’ Leverage to Seek Recourse and Equal Treatment in Takeover Bids

A firm intention announcement must be made when the offeror is able and willing to acquire securities, and when a mandatory offer must be made. When the firm intention announcement is implemented, some sort of a contract is created. This rule has helped to determine the particular time the offeror should be liable to minorities. The question of when the offeror should bear the obligation to implement mandatory offers in aborted takeovers is thus no more problematic. Previously, the courts wrestled with this issue, but delivered what appears to be unsatisfactory decisions. This article will discuss the effect of a firm intention announcement and the responsibility that attends the making of that announcement. It intends to illustrate the extent of liability the offeror must bear in the event of a lapsed takeover, before and after the making of the firm intention announcement. The article examines the manner in which takeover rules can be enforced, and whether the current measures afford minorities proper protection. This brings to light the issue of equal treatment in takeovers and the fallacy thereof. A minor appraisal of the takeover rules in two jurisdictions in Europe (the United Kingdom and the Netherlands) is conducted to assess how equal treatment for minorities is promoted. Due to the difficulty minorities may experience in enforcing equal treatment in company takeovers, the article advocates for the alteration of the current South African takeover procedure for the promotion of minorities’ interests and for establishing rules that provide the offeror adequate information.

The Rise of the Investor State: State Capital in the Chinese Economy

The nature and extent of the role of the Chinese state in the economy is fundamental to many empirical and theoretical debates about that country’s political economy. We document and explain the rise of a novel form of intervention on the part of the Chinese state: the expansion of state capital beyond ownership of state firms. We argue that state investment as a mode of state intervention in the economy is conceptually distinct from both “state capitalism” and the “developmental state” in its introduction of new agents to distribute state capital to firms and new mechanisms through which states, especially authoritarian ones, monitor and influence business actors. We document the growth of the investor state in several ways. Case studies of three high-profile shareholding firms in China demonstrate that state capital can be deployed strategically, for example, to respond to financial crisis or facilitate industrial upgrading, but also generates moral hazard, resulting in corruption and resource misallocation, and international alarm about the intentions of Chinese firms. We further compare the rise of state shareholding firms in China to similar phenomena in Brazil and Malaysia, concluding that the practice has both economic and political logics.

Asociatividad empresarial y fuentes de capital social: hacia un modelo explicativo

El trabajo se centra en la noción de asociatividad empresarial y su incidencia en eldesarrollo de ventajas competitivas, analizada desde la perspectiva de la generación de capital social (CS). El objetivo es analizar la intención de participación en redes interempresariales, sobre la base del estudio de las fuentes que crean el CS y de los propósitos y beneficios buSCados en la articulación, considerándose que el CS constituye un factor explicativo de fenómenos colaborativos. Aplicando la técnica de regresión logística, se evidencia que la variable dependiente (intención de asociatividad) se explica con una fuente de generación de CS (oportunidad) y los propósitos de lograr economías de eSCala y de capturar externalidades a través de la articulación. Se diSCuten prácticas de gestión empresarial dirigidas a acumular rentas intangibles (recursos) a través de relaciones interorganizativas, para concluir que la dimensión estructural del CS (oportunidad) resulta impreSCindible para la intención de asociatividad, mientras que la motivación y la habilidad serían fuentes deseables. Finalmente, se resalta la importancia de las redes empresariales como mecanismo para el aumento del CS, trasladando el potencial que tiene este concepto al ámbito de la gestión empresarial como fuente de creación de valor y de ventajas competitivas.

Auditor Commitment and Turnover Intentions Following Negative Inspection Findings: The Effects of Regulator Enforcement Style and Firm Response

SUMMARYWe examine the effect of the regulator's style (critical versus supportive) when enforcing negative inspection findings and the audit firm's response to those findings (increase or decrease audit process structure) on auditor professional and firm commitment and turnover intentions. We find no evidence that enforcement style impacts professional commitment, but that auditors are more inclined to leave the profession when the regulator adopts a critical enforcement style and when their firm increases audit process structure. We further find that firm commitment is lower when the firm increases audit process structure, and that this is most pronounced when the regulator adopts a supportive enforcement style. We find no evidence of firm turnover intentions being impacted by either enforcement style or firm response. Recognizing the importance of retaining competent and motivated auditors, our results highlight the care needed, and alternatives available, when regulators enforce, and firms respond to, negative inspection findings.Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.JEL Classification: M42.

Halide Perovskites – Optoelectronic and Structural Characterization Methods

Halide Perovskites – Optoelectronic and Structural Characterization Methods

Service Outsourcing and Dispersion of Customer Needs

This research explores how customer needs dispersion influences a firm's intent to outsource, and, if the firm does decide to outsource, how it can retain the potential cost advantages offered by a third-party supplier. Customer service plays a crucial role for firms to retain customers and spur revenue growth. It is, however, often outsourced to a third-party supplier, driven by cost savings and ability to focus on core businesses. While there is a large body of literature studying service outsourcing, the dynamic nature of dispersion in customer needs has received sparse attention in the past but is becoming a major concern due to increased market turbulence. This research develops a normative model to explore key drivers that impact service outcomes with heterogeneous and evolving customer needs over time. We find that customer needs dispersion can accelerate a firm's propensity to outsource, and a firm typically benefits from outsourcing, at least initially. Such benefits, however, can dissipate rapidly over time due to knowledge decay with outsourcing; that is, the firm becomes less certain about the underlying customer needs because it is no longer directly involved in service provision. Monitoring efforts can potentially help the firm to arrest the dissipation of the service benefit over time; there exists, however, a threshold of monitoring effort where the benefit of monitoring emerges only if this threshold is surpassed. Hence, a firm is more likely to benefit from outsourcing when an efficient, consistent monitoring effort is implemented over time.

Seemingly exploitative contracts

This paper studies sequential price discrimination of sophisticated present-biased consumers in the credit market. The optimal contract utilizes present bias to improve screening by inducing certain consumers to over-consume and over-accumulate debt. This shows that the optimal contract can have features that seem exploitative. In essence, these features cause certain consumers to experience ex-post welfare losses even when they are sophisticated. If the intention of firms is to screen and not exploit consumers, then financial regulations aimed at protecting consumers by eliminating seemingly exploitative features could introduce additional distortions. In contrast, contracts that are truly exploitative induce over-consumption and over-accumulation of debt by taking advantage of the incorrect beliefs of non-sophisticated consumers.

Intention to Pay for HPV Vaccination among Women of Childbearing Age in Vietnam.

The intention to pay for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among women of childbearing age in Vietnam, where cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern, has been mostly lacking. To examine this issue, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 807 pregnant women in an urban and a rural district (Dong Da and Ba Vi) of Hanoi, Vietnam. The vast percentage of our respondents expressed a firm intention to vaccinate, especially women in rural areas (over 90.0%). However, on being informed of the current price of the HPV vaccine, their intention to vaccinate dropped to about one-fifth of overall respondents, i.e., only 4.4% of women in rural areas. It was also observed that the initial intention to get the HPV vaccination among women in the rural district was about ten times higher than that of women living in the metropolitan district. Those participants who had greater knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV vaccinations also had a significantly higher intention to vaccinate. Our findings underscore the need to develop a well-designed vaccination program in Vietnam and other countries in a similar situation to increase the adoption of HPV vaccination.

게이하투 칸 시기 훌레구 울루스 命令文制度의 변화 - 1293년 命令文의 분석을 중심으로 -

This study examines a document that previous scholarship has often regarded as an edict issued by Geikhatu khan in 1293. Some believed it is the oldest surviving edict of the Ilkhāns written in Persian. Also, it is quite unusual because it lists the names of three different groups, namely the khan, amirs, and a vazir. The purpose of this study is to clarify the questions regarding the author of this document, and its surrounding political landscape.BR The document was written following the established structure of edicts found in the Mongol Empire. From that prospective, the first line of the document, “By the Edict of Irīnjīn Turjī”, corresponds to ‘Authorization’ and the third line, “Word of Ahmad Sahib Divān”, is equivalent to ‘Addresser and Order Type’. What matters is the contents of the second line, “By words of Shiktur, Taghachar, Aq-buqa”. Scholars argued that it is a kind of countersigning by the most powerful military commanders at that time, and it indicates that the reigning khan failed in securing political authority and had to rely on them. However, my examination shows that Geikhatu Khan was not that incompetent and former studies have overemphasized the influence of these three amirs. In fact, Geikhatu became khan by oppressing his opponents and deliberately choosing these individuals as his highest commanders. Also, Geikhatu appointed Ahmad as vazir and entrusted exclusive rights over treasury, but at the same time, had those amirs supervise him. The second line of the document indicates the khan’s firm intent to keep the vazir checked by the amirs.BR From Chinggis Khan, Mongols introduced chancellery practices and modified it to meet their needs, and the change in the document issued by vazir in 1293 could be understood in the same perspective.

Strategic orientations and participation intentions for technical standardisation

ABSTRACT Despite the pivotal impact of technical standards on the competitiveness of both nations and firms, few studies explore factors that drive firms to participate in technical standardisation. The current article examines the effect of strategic orientations on such participation, as well as their interactions with political ties and technology turbulence. The findings from 320 Chinese manufacturing firms indicate that both competitor and technology orientations exert positive effects on firms’ intentions to participate in standardisation. Political ties reduce, but technology turbulence strengthens, the effect of competitor orientation. Technology turbulence also weakens the effect of technology orientation on a firm's intention to participate in standardisation.

Retailer responsiveness: a total interpretive structural modelling approach

Customer-driven markets and developing information technology pressurise retailers to respond time effectively towards current and future demand. Responsiveness has been explored in the extant literature of manufacturing, operations and logistics from multiple facets. The paper primarily focuses on the examination of responsiveness variables and their inter-relationships in retail context. Total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) has been adopted to determine and interpret the interactions among the identified variables. The use of TISM has also revealed the important links and hierarchical associations. The findings of the study indicate firm performance and behavioural intentions to be privileged with highest dependence power and lowest driving power. The results of the analysis can act as a vital impetus to comprehend the level of driving power of different responsiveness variables. Management researchers and policy-makers shall primarily emphasise on the interactions and their interpretations between variables with high driving force. The study offers a ground-breaking understanding for retailers to consider their inherent capabilities that can be promoted to respond time-effectively. The findings can be insightful and feasible to formulate advanced retail policies and strategies in order to transform the retail paradigm. It specifically encapsulates the role and potential of retailer's responsive capabilities in entire supply chain, which was not previously covered by any study through TISM.

Čarolija bitka - promene identiteta u prozi i na filmu

The paper will focus on the representations of identity, self, fantasy and transformation in seemingly incomparable novels and films. The theoretical background of the analysis is partly based on Laura Mulvey's theory of "male gaze", along with various critical analyses of other processes that radically change the concept of identity, love, emotion, and desire in the modern world. The novel The Enchanted April and the film Her show that the gap dividing the imaginary self and the real world narrows as the protagonists tread into beautiful landscapes as imaginary territories that bring miraculous change of personalities and relationships. In this paper, Theodore Twombly and Lady Caroline Dester are seen primarily as fugitives from their respective realities of the year 2025 and the 1920's: while Theodore seeks solace in connecting to a computer operating system designed to function as a flawless emotional partner, Caroline retreats to a garden of a fascinating mansion San Salvatore in order to find her priorities and define her own identity, with the firm intention to become more than a beautiful object of male gaze and desire. The paper will explore the examples of hunger for intimacy in the modern age, as well as the human need to form romantic obsessive attachments to inanimate objects, places and landscapes.

When the performance comes into play: The influence of positive online consumer reviews on individuals' post-consumption responses

Although the research on online consumer reviews (OCRs) is broad, several important gaps still exist. This paper aims to bridge some of these gaps by studying the influence of positive OCRs (pOCRs) on post-consumption responses, namely attitude toward the firm and repurchase intentions. It differentiates between whether the performance level during consumption was high or low, that is, whether the product met the objectives set by the consumers. To this end, the paper addresses pOCRs in a twofold approach. First, it analyzes the effect of positive valence intensity, considering neutral-indifferent, moderately positive, and extremely positive OCRs. Second, it tests the influence of individuals' perceived positivity of OCRs. The results show that the same pOCRs may have a positive or a negative influence on individuals' post-consumption responses depending on the performance. Accordingly, the relationship between perceived positivity and post-consumption responses follows U-shaped functional forms.

Correction to: The impact of psychological identification with home-name stocks on investor behavior: an empirical and experimental investigation

The objective of this paper is to examine whether including words that associate a stock name with a country name might influence investor behavior and stock returns. Across three studies, we collect and analyze both stock market data and individual-level experimental data to show the effect of home-name effect on investors’ behavior and stock market performance. Using stock trading records, Study 1 shows that home-name stocks significantly outperform non–home-name stocks in emerging Chinese stock markets dominated by retail investors. We replicate this home-name effect on individual Chinese investors in randomized experiments (Studies 2 and 3) and further test the underlying psychological process by exploring the mediating effect of investor firm psychological identification. We find that associations with the home country name lead to stronger investor psychological identification with the firm and higher investment intentions, and that this effect is much stronger when investors are motivated to self-enhance. Together, these studies inform firms’ stock naming strategies and provide guidance for financial advising by demonstrating the crucial role of identification in financial decision making.

The impact of psychological identification with home-name stocks on investor behavior: an empirical and experimental investigation

The objective of this paper is to examine whether including words that associate a stock name with a country name might influence investor behavior and stock returns. Across three studies, we collect and analyze both stock market data and individual-level experimental data to show the effect of home-name effect on investors’ behavior and stock market performance. Using stock trading records, Study 1 shows that home-name stocks significantly outperform non–home-name stocks in emerging Chinese stock markets dominated by retail investors. We replicate this home-name effect on individual Chinese investors in randomized experiments (Studies 2 and 3) and further test the underlying psychological process by exploring the mediating effect of investor firm psychological identification. We find that associations with the home country name lead to stronger investor psychological identification with the firm and higher investment intentions, and that this effect is much stronger when investors are motivated to self-enhance. Together, these studies inform firms’ stock naming strategies and provide guidance for financial advising by demonstrating the crucial role of identification in financial decision making.

Not so positive, please!

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of positive online consumer reviews (OCRs) on changes in the individual’s evaluations from the pre-purchase to the post-consumption stage, studying satisfaction, attitude towards the firm and purchase intention. The effect of positive OCRs may differ depending on whether the product performance is high or low, i.e., whether the product meets the objectives of the consumer. So, the paper also explores different effects that positive OCRs can have on changes in the individual’s evaluations depending on the kind of performance. Design/methodology/approach Two studies based on the experimental methodology are carried out and several statistical techniques are applied: confirmatory factorial analysis, mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance and post-hoc analysis. Findings Results demonstrate that the effect of positive OCRs continues after consumption. Depending on the performance, this effect can be positive (negative) and verify (contrast with) the individual’s pre-purchase evaluations. Moreover, this effect is always more intense when the performance is low. Originality/value It explores the changes in the individual’s evaluations about the product and the firm, going beyond the immediate effect of positive OCRs. It also explains the effects of positive OCRs for high and low performance. Finally, it demonstrates that OCR effects are not symmetrical for high and low performance.

Promising's Neglected Siblings: Oaths, Vows, and Promissory Obligation

AbstractPromises of a customary, interpersonal kind have received no small amount of philosophical attention. Of particular interest has been their capacity to generate moral obligations. This capacity is arguably what distinguishes promises from other, similar phenomena, like communicating a firm intention. But this capacity is common to still other nearby phenomena, such as oaths and vows. These latter phenomena belong to the same family of concepts as promises, but they are structurally and functionally distinct. Taken in their turn, they fill out what I call the ‘breadth criterion’: Theories of promising should cover not only customary, interpersonal promises but also sibling phenomena, including oaths and vows. Accommodating the breadth criterion is not something all theories of promising are positioned to accomplish. I focus on the challenge that the breadth criterion poses for Scanlon's influential expectation view of promising and suggest a normative powers account will fare better.

Evaluation of a Population’s Migration Potential as an Important Component of Migration Policy

Development of preventive migration state policy requires investigation of not only real but also prospective migration. This article provides the author’s methodological approach to the study of a population’s migration potential. The migration desires index (MDI), as one of the most important indicators of migration potential, was calculated for the unemployed urban population in Lviv, Ukraine, on the basis of the results of a monitoring sample survey (2013–2016, 2018). The MDI shows wave-like development dynamics. Generally, the share of “solid” migrants (persons who have firm plans to work abroad in the years ahead) grew from 14% in 2014 to 25% of the unemployed population in Lviv in 2018. Despite such a high level of migration desires, the respondents also showed a clear urge to be employed in Ukraine. Overall, the study results show that the improvement of employment opportunities in the national labor market and improvement of the wage system will contribute to a reduction of the level of migration potential and will thus slow the pace at which the working-age population is leaving. For those who still have a firm intention to go abroad, the state should provide an appropriate level of social and economic protection, primarily by establishing effective cooperation with countries that are most attractive for potential labor migrants. The author’s surveillance study shows that such countries are Germany, the USA, Canada, and Poland.

Adela Pineda Franco's Steinbeck and Mexico: A Cinematographic Gaze in the Era of United States Hegemony

Adela Pineda Franco's Steinbeck and Mexico: A Cinematographic Gaze in the Era of United States Hegemony