Fire Retardant Research Articles

Developmental Toxicities in Zebrafish Embryos Exposed to Tri-o-cresyl Phosphate

As a widely used plasticizer and fire retardant, tri-o-cresyl phosphate has been commonly found in global water sources, sediments and biota. However, its potential toxicity to aquatic organisms is not fully understood. Here, we assessed its developmental effects by use of a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model at tri-o-cresyl phosphate concentrations between 0.15 and 88.5 μg/L. Diverse impairments of zebrafish embryos, such as altered morphological and physical characteristics and locomotor behaviors, were observed at different tri-o-cresyl phosphate concentrations. Furthermore, swimming behaviors were significantly inhibited at tri-o-cresyl phosphate concentrations ranging from 3.0 μg/L to 88.5 μg/L. The swimming activity during light-to-dark transition significantly increased at tri-o-cresyl phosphate concentrations of 14.5 μg/L to 88.5 μg/L. Taken together, our present data help to clarify the potential developmental toxicity of tri-o-cresyl phosphate that was not yet fully recognized, and thus contribute to its environmental risk assessment.

Photogrammetry for making real-time measurements of the deformation of fire retarded material subjected to an external heat flux

This work exploits photogrammetry techniques to make real-time measurements on a deforming material subjected to an external heat flux. Using a novel bench design and 3D reconstruction associated to image analysis, the volume of the sample can be accurately calculated. It is applied to a fire retarded polymer (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer containing 65 wt% of aluminum trihydroxide as fire retardant). The material shrinks and swells upon heating (heat flux of 35 kW/m2). The volume can be followed as a function of time and it provides quantitative data about the deformation of the material.

Graphene Nanoplatelet Exoskeleton on Polyurethane Foam to Produce Flame‐Retardant, Piezoresistive, and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Surfaces

AbstractPolyurethane foam (PUF)’s porous structure, light weight, flexibility, and low‐cost properties make it useful in various cutting‐edge technologies. However, time‐consuming, costly, and complicated surface modification methods severely hinder its commercial applications. Herein, an ultrafast, simple, and cost‐effective surface modification method based on the evaporation of a low boiling point solvent to prepare a multifunctional graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)‐decorated PUF (GNP@PUF) is proposed. Due to the passive heat barrier of GNP sheets, the resulting sponge exhibits excellent flame retardancy by reducing the critical fire retardancy metrics, that is, peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release by 72%, 50%, and 81%, respectively. In addition, GNP@PUF can function as a piezoresistive sensor and electromagnetic interference (EMI)‐shielding material. As a piezoresistive sensor, it exhibits a wide‐compressive pressure (2.4–112 kPa)/strain (5–70%) range and ultra‐fast response/relaxation time (48/35 ms), wide‐stretching strain (5–100%) range, and it can detect minute human motions by being attached to different parts of the human body. Meanwhile, the composite foam displays good absorption‐dominant EMI shielding performance (≈38 dB), possibly due to conductive dissipation and multiple reflections/scattering of EM waves inside the 3D conductive graphene network. This study provides a simple coating technique for developing multifunctional lightweight foam materials.

Improvement in Monterey pine of the flame retardancy, thermal conductivity, and mechanical performance through incorporating functional epoxy resin

AbstractMonterey pine is a renewable biomass resources with structural and chemical characteristics, but is limited by its flammability, poor mechanical properties, and subpar thermal conductivity (TC). Herein, a thermal conductive and flame retardant the multifunction epoxy resin (MEP) prepolymer was injected into the Monterey pine and subsequently cured. The results showed that impregnated MEP Monterey pine, maintained its original cellular structure under applied loads compared to pristine Monterey pine, thus, giving the composite wood better mechanical integrity than its neat counterpart, which served as thermally conductive pathways within the composites. The TC was measured to be 0.12 Wm−1 K−1 for pristine Monterey pine. Whereas, the infiltrated MEP/wood composite yielded a TC of 0.94 Wm−1 K−1 which correlates to a 683.3% enhancement. Besides, the tensile strength of the prepared composites in the longitudinal and radial directions were observed to be 75.0 and 21.7 MPa, and increased by 63.4% and 152.3% compared to that of pristine Monterey pine, respectively. Combustion tests revealed that the Monterey pine/MEP composites self‐extinguished after ignition and departing from the flame source while the pristine Monterey pine did not. It was deduced that the TC, fire retardancy, and mechanical performance of Monterey pine were simultaneously improved by injecting the multifunctional epoxy resin prepolymer, which provide a wide application potential in heat dissipation furniture field.Highlights The multifunction epoxy enhanced the multiple performance of Monterey pine. The wood composite yielded a high thermal conductivity. Monterey pine/MEP composites managed to self‐extinguish after ignition.

Effect of Lignin or Lignosulfonate Addition on the Fire Resistance of Areca (Areca catechu) Particleboards Bonded with Ultra-Low-Emitting Urea-Formaldehyde Resin

As a way to accommodate the rising demand for “green” wood-based products, agricultural waste from Areca (Areca catechu) nut farms, which is generally burned on-site, can be used to raise the value of alternative lignocellulosic raw materials. This research aimed to investigate and evaluate the effect of technical lignin (kraft lignin or lignosulfonate) addition on particleboard properties from areca bonded with ultra-low-emitting urea formaldehyde (UF) resin. The physical properties, mechanical properties, and fire resistance of the laboratory-made particleboards were tested and evaluated in accordance with the applicable Japanese industrial standards (JIS). The highest density of 0.84 g/cm3 was determined for the laboratory boards, bonded with an adhesive mixture of UF resin and kraft lignin with three washing treatments. The lowest moisture content of 9.06%, thickness swelling of 71.16%, and water absorption of 129.17% were determined for the boards bonded with lignosulfonate with three washing treatments, with commercial lignin, and with lignosulfonate with five washing treatments, respectively. The highest MOR and MOE values, i.e., 113.49 kg/cm2 and 10,663 kg/cm2, respectively, were obtained for the particleboards bonded with lignosulfonate with five washing treatments. Interestingly, all laboratory boards exhibited good fire resistance following the UL-94 standard. Based on the gas torch test, the lowest weight loss of 16.7% was determined in the boards fabricated with lignosulfonate with five washing treatments. This study demonstrated that adding lignin-based fire retardants represents a viable approach to producing lignocellulosic composites with enhanced fire resistance and a lower carbon footprint.

Highly efficient metal-organic framework based intumescent poly(L-lactic acid) towards fire safety, ignition delay and UV resistance

Developing multifunctional biodegradable PLA with ignition delay, high efficient fire retardancy, and UV resistance properties is a challenging task owing to its high flammability, and mutually exclusive phenomenon between the latter two properties. In this work, we report a superior efficient synergistic action combining piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) and a Co based metal-organic framework (ZIF-67). Results illustrated that with merely 0.06 wt% ZIF-67, intumescent PLA containing 4.96 wt% PAPP reached UL-94 V0 rating. The PLA/4.9PAPP/0.1MOF sample possessed a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value at 33 %, exhibited a 28 % reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRR) and a 67 % increase in fire propagation index (FPI). Moreover, the presence MOF delayed the ignition time of PLA by 12 s due to the highly porous structure of MOF and its chemical heat-sink performance. Insightful reaction to fire mechanism in the condensed phase via TG-FTIR and Raman revealed that a crack free protective intumescent char layer with higher graphitization degree was formed, which effectively enhanced the barrier effect and minimize the heat and fuel transfer. In addition, the UV resistance of PLA composites is enhanced, remaining at and below 5 % transmittance in the UVA and UVB areas. This work provides a green production way of multifunctional degradable materials and broadens their application fields.

Hybrid Wood Composites with Improved Mechanical Strength and Fire Retardance Due to a Delignification–Mineralization–Densification Strategy

The shortage of wood resources and the policy of logging restrictions have hindered the development of the wood industry. The development of fast-growing wood can effectively solve the problem of wood shortages and the discrepancy between supply and demand; however, the softness and poor strength of fast-growing wood make it difficult to use directly and restrict its applications. Meanwhile, the inflammability of wood is also a crucial hindrance to its application. In this work, hybrid wood composites with high strength and excellent fire retardance were developed by using a combined strategy of “delignification–mineralization–densification”. Delignification promoted the deposition of minerals inside the wood, and the mineralization process was able to significantly increase the fire retardance performance of the hybrid wood. The densification treatment made the wood and minerals closely packed, which was conducive to the improvement of the strength and fire retardance performance of the hybrid wood. The resulting hybrid wood composites showed enhanced mechanical strength (the tensile strength, flexural strength, and compressive strength were 180.6 MPa, 159.8 MPa, and 86.5 MPa, respectively) and outstanding fire retardance, and this strategy provided a feasible pathway towards the high-value application of fast-growing wood.

Concurrently improving fire safety and processability of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer by expandable graphite and polyphosphoric acid

AbstractEthylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was modified by expandable graphite (EG) and polyphosphoric acid (PPA) in melt state and the obtained EVA/EG/PPA composite was studied regarding its fire behavior, thermal endurance, water resistivity, processability, and mechanical property. The outcomes evince that the combination of EG and PPA in proper mass ratio can improve fire retardancy, thermal stability, processability, and reduce smoke and toxic gas releases of EVA upon combustion significantly. The EG/PPA combination exhibits very high flame retardant efficiency to EVA in that only 10 wt% loading is enough to make EVA obtain V‐0 rating in UL‐94 test. Moreover, the flame‐retarded EVA/EG/PPA composite displays excellent water resistance and acceptable mechanical property. The EVA/EG/PPA (90/7.5/2.5) composite can produce coherent intumescent char on composite surface, which has good heat endurance and hinders heat transmission from fire to interior of composite. The flame retardation occurs in condensed phase and the intumescent char plays a pivotal role. The presence of PPA endows EVA composite with good melt flowability, which has presented a striking contrast to other flame retardants.Highlights The combination of EG and PPA has very high flame retardant efficiency to EVA. The EVA/EG/PPA composite has better fire safety and processability than EVA. The EVA/EG/PPA composite still maintains acceptable mechanical property. The expanded char from EVA/EG/PPA composite hinders heat transfer effectively.

Flame retardancy of polypropylene filled with expandable graphite and magnesium hydroxide: The impact of particle size of expandable graphite and its mechanism

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) was modified by expandable graphite (EG) and magnesium hydroxide (MH) to enhance its flame retardancy. The impact of EG particle size on fire behavior of PP/MH/EG ternary composite was studied in detail. The results reveal that EG synergizes markedly with MH in flame‐retarding PP. The PP/MH/EG composite with larger EG particle size displays better flame retardancy, smoke inhibition, acid resistivity, processability, and less toxic gas release upon combustion. The striking contrast derives from differences of charring behavior in condensed phase. The composite with larger EG particle size can produce intumescent char with larger expansion volume and better compactness and continuity, which hinders heat transfer inside polymer composite. Owing to much smaller expansion volume, the composite containing smaller EG particle size cannot generate effective fireproof barrier. As a consequence, this composite exhibits worse fire retardance and smoke inhibition in contrast with the composite with larger EG particle size.

Studies on the prevention of thermal propagation with nonflammable pad in Li-ion battery

In this study, a research was conducted on the delay and prevention of thermal propagation caused by single cell thermal runaway by applying non-combustible materials. In the case of a cylindrical shape, since the venting opening is fixed, an exothermic reaction proceeds through a lot of air inflow at the moment of thermal runaway. The fire retardation effect due to extinguishing by suffocation was demonstrated by applying a non-flammable material and a material containing expanded graphite to prevent transition from occurring by blocking the inflow of ambient air at the moment of thermal runaway, ending in single cell thermal runaway. It is thought that various materials for this delay after the occurrence of thermal runaway could be approached, but in order to end single cell thermal runaway, it is important to apply a material capable of an effective suffocation effect.

An Integrated Multi-Functional Thermal Conductive and Flame Retardant Epoxy Composite with Functionalized Carbon Nitride Nanosheets.

In miniaturized and integrated electronic devices, thermal potential and fire hazards caused by heat diffusion require an efficient thermal management system with versatile electronic packaging equipment. The flame retardancy was endowed on the surface of carbon nitride after thermal etching (CNNS) containing piperazine pyrophosphate (PPAP) by hydrogen bonding, and the obtained nanosheet was defined as PPAP-CNNS. During solution blending and program-controlled curing, PPAP-CNNS was used as a multifunctional filler to fabricate highly thermoconductive and fire retardant epoxy resin (EP) composites. In line with expectations, the resultant EP composites containing 7 wt% PPAP-CNNS had an exceptional thermal conductivity (TC) of 1.1 W·m-1K-1, which was 4.8 times higher than pure EP. Simultaneously, there was a sharp drop in the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP) compared to pure EP. These reductions were, respectively, 63.7%, 54.2%, 17.9%, and 57.2%. The addition of PPAP-CNNS increased the specific surface area, which increased the heat conduction routes, and also the shape of the compact and solid char layer during burning, protecting the underlying polymer. These improvements to dispersion and surface functionalization were made possible by the compound. These results indicate that the preparation of integrated multi-functional resin described in this study has a wide application.

A molecularly engineered bioderived polyphosphonate containing Schiff base towards fire-retardant PLA with enhanced crystallinity and mechanical properties

To expand the practical application and realize sustainable development, it is urgent to develop advanced polylactide composites with fire retardancy and mechanically strong properties by utilizing bio-derived additives. Unfortunately, such desired performance portfolio is still unsatisfactory due to unclear mechanism and improper design strategy. In this paper, a novel bio-derived polyphosphonate containing Schiff base (PVP) was prepared by a two-step method of condensation and addition reactions. By incorporating only 0.5 wt% PVP, the LOI value of PLA is increased to 32.5 vol% as well as achieving a UL-94 V-0 rating. Such superior fire retardancy is ascribed to the physical barrier effect of char residue, which arising from the cyclization of Schiff base and catalytic carbonization of polyphosphonate. Due to the crosslinking reaction between PLA and PVP and nucleating effect of PVP in the PLA matrix, the mechanical strength of PLA is increased by 10.2% with addition of 1.0 wt% PVP. This study provides a feasible way for designing bio-derived fire retardants to simultaneously improving the fire retardancy and mechanical strength of PLA, thus is expected to expand the practical application of PLA materials.

Bioinspired polyimide film with fire retardant and gas barrier properties by gravity‐induced deposition of montmorillonite

AbstractFlame retardants play a crucial role in improving the flame retardant properties of polymer materials. In recent years, environmental problems caused by flame retardants have attracted widespread attention. It is urgent to use green and effective methods to prepare flame retardant polymers. Bioinspired nanocomposites with layered structures seem to provide effective ideas, but in general, their hydrophilic raw materials limit their applications in certain fields. Here, we prepared biomimetic composites with a layered “brick‐and‐mortar” structure by gravity‐induced deposition using polyimide as the polymer matrix and montmorillonite (MMT) as the filler. The well‐arranged structures of the composite material could isolate oxygen and prevent combustible gases from escaping. The gas barrier performance has been greatly improved, in which the water vapor transmission rate and the oxygen transmission rate decreased by 99.18% and three orders of magnitude, respectively. The flame retardant performance has also been improved, and its limiting oxygen index can reach 67.9%. The polyimide matrix can be converted to water‐insoluble by thermal imidization of water‐soluble poly (amic acid) salt precursors, which endows the composites with low hygroscopicity. The coating containing MMT can protect against polyurethane (PU) foam from fire. During the conical calorimetric test, the coated sample self‐extinguished, and the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production are significantly decreased by 53.39%, 40.69%, and 53.03%, respectively. Taking advantage of these properties, this work utilizes a facile method to prepare biomimetic composites with low moisture absorption, excellent gas barrier properties, and flame retardancy, which have great application potential.

Research on mechanical properties and fire retardancy of epoxy composites reinforced by fly ash of thermal power plant

AbstractFlame retardants (FRs) play an important role as additives which is applied in a wide range of products because they can inhibit ignition to delay the spread of fire. By adding fly ash (a waste of thermal power plants), we have developed an epoxy resin material with good flame retardant properties. Besides, using the fly ash can reduce the consumption of current flame retardants (organic halogen compounds) and thus meet the environmental safety of flame retardant epoxy resin. For this reason, studies on enhancing the flame retardancy of epoxy resin using fly ash as an eco‐friendly additive have paid more attention. Adding fly ash flame retardant additives to epoxy resin can improve the oxidation resistance of target materials. In this study, fly ash was modified with Ca(OH)2 to improve its flame retardant ability and compatibility with epoxy resin. The results show that the samples get higher flame retardant when using 30 wt.%, 40 wt.% and 50 wt.% fly ash. Flame retardant is assessed by the determination of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the burning rate test according to the UL94 method. The results show that at the mixing ratio of 40% fly ash, the LOI index is 24.4% and the burning rate according to the UL 94HB method is 19.56 mm/min. When increasing the fly ash content from 30 to 50 wt%, the flame retardant ability increases while the tensile strength, flexural strength and Izod impact strength decrease. For the compressive strength, it increases and maintains at a specified level. The results of this study suggest that fly ash would be a capable candidate for petroleum‐based flame retardant additives.

Experimental analysis of the effect of natural fibers and SiC filler on the thermal behavior of green biocomposites

AbstractThe present work deals with the thermal behavior investigation of new biocomposite materials intended to be used for process engineering applications. Particular attention is given to the thermal degradation of such materials. Thermal characterization at different scales is performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cone calorimeter experiments. The main purpose is to compare the thermal behavior of new bamboo‐based and banana‐based Green Biocomposites (GBCs). An intumescent fire retardant (IFR) coating, which is a mixture of APP and boric acid was applied on the GBC sample surface to study the flame retardancy. The GBC samples was first manufactured using a vacuum resin transfer molding. TGA results showed that bamboo‐based (BM‐GBC) and banana‐based (Bn‐GBC) materials exhibits similar thermal degradation pattern. While cone calorimeter experiments revealed that BM‐GBC outperforms than Bn‐GBC. The IFR coating improved the flame retardancy of both GBCs by reducing the heat release rate as well as a noticeable reduction in terms of smoke emission. Finally, to improve the thermal stability of Bn‐GBC material, SiC powder is added as a filler. The IFR coating and SiC powder addition promotes considerably the thermal behavior of Bn‐GBC materials.

Enhanced mechanical performance and fire resistance of poplar wood: Unilateral surface densification assisted with N/P doped acrylic resin impregnation

It is difficult to significantly improve the mechanical performance and fire-resistance of fast-growing wood without increasing its density. In this study, a modified poplar wood (USD-RA-W) with low-density, high dimensional stability, high mechanical strength, and fire resistance was successfully prepared by unilateral surface densification assisted with the impregnation of waterborne acrylic resin (WAR)/ammonium phytate (APA). The flexural and impact strength values of USD-RA-W increased by 52% and 48%, respectively, compared to the control samples (C-W). The surface hardness and wear resistance of USD-RA-W were also significantly improved, with a 132% increase in hardness and a 22% reduction in weight loss relative to C-W. The improvement in mechanical properties is attributed to the synergistic effects of surface densification and impregnation modification of APA-doped acrylic resin. The in-situ-cured resin network provides excellent dimensional stability by fixing the spring-back of the densified surface of the material. USD-RA-W shows significantly improved fire retardancy due to the introduction of bio-based APA. UL-94 analysis results show that the fire-retardant grade of the USD-RA-W passed V-0 and the limited oxygen index reached 50%. Cone calorimeter test results indicate that the total heat release rate and smoke release rate of the experimental group decreased by 32% and 77%, respectively, while the char residue reached 41%. A simple and green physic-chemical method for the preparation of high-performance USD-RA-W was established in this study. The proposed treated wood may be applicable in structural building materials and interior decoration fields.

An Overview of Some Reactive Routes to Flame-Retardant Fibre-Forming Polymers: Polypropylene and Polyacrylonitrile

The thermal degradation and flammability characteristics of some common fibre-forming polymers, such as polypropylene (PP) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), are described in this review paper. The flame retardance of these polymers is principally affected by reactive routes that were primarily developed in our laboratories. The modifying groups that are incorporated into polymeric chains include phosphorus- or phosphorus/nitrogen-containing moieties in different chemical environments. The degradation characteristics and extent of flame retardance were mainly evaluated using routine thermal and calorimetric techniques. Elements of flame-retardant mechanisms occurring in the condensed and vapour phases were also identified. Furthermore, we also explored the effects of molecularly dispersed β-cyclodextrin, including its physical mixtures, on the thermal and combustion characteristics of PAN. Given that both types of polymers are often used in the form of fibres, and that the aspect ratio of fibrous materials is relatively high, even nominal enhancements in their fire retardance are highly welcomed. Hence, the preliminary results of our research on chemically modified PAN incorporating molecularly dispersed β-cyclodextrin are encouraging in terms of their enhanced fire retardance, and hence this field warrants further exploration.

Smoke suppressant and fire‐retardant polyurethane‐polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam

AbstractIn this study, the combinations of phosphorous‐containing fire retardants such as triethyl phosphate, oligomeric triethyl phosphate, diethyl ethyl phosphonate, diethyl hydroxymethyl phosphonate, ammonium polyphosphate, and smoke suppressant zinc borate were used as additives in order to produce non‐toxic smoke suppressant and fire‐retardant rigid polyurethane‐polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams. Flame height and smoke density of polyurethane‐polyisocyanurate foam decreased by incorporating different combinations of combustion modifiers in PIR formulations. The smoke suppressant was zinc borate. The combination of zinc borate with triethyl phosphate, oligomeric triethyl phosphate, and diethyl hydroxymethyl phosphonate resulted in a good synergy. The cone calorimeter analysis showed that the best combinations were zinc borate (10.1%) and triethyl phosphate (13.7%), or zinc borate (10.1%), triethyl phosphate (6.9%), and oligomeric triethyl phosphate (7%) and they decreased the burning and smoke formation rate of PIR foam. These combinations may be applied to produce fire‐retardant PIR foam in the industry.

Effects of Processing Conditions on the Properties of Monoammonium Phosphate Microcapsules with Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin Shell.

To develop monoammonium phosphate (MAP) as a novel acid source for durable intumescent fire retardants (IFR), MAP microcapsules (MCMAPs) containing MAP as the internal core and melamine-formaldehyde (MF) as the external shell were prepared by in situ polymerization in this study. The influences of synthesis conditions (including reaction temperature, polymerization time, and reaction pH value) on the properties of obtained MCMAPs (MAP content, yield, morphologies, and thermal properties) were then investigated systematically. The morphologies, chemical structures, and thermal properties were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry analyzer (TGA). The results show that MAP was well encapsulated by MF resin. No microcapsules are obtained at <55 °C or with polymerization times <1 h. Optimal preparation conditions of reaction temperature, polymerization time, and reaction pH value are 75 °C, 3 h, and 5.5, respectively. Those results provide process reference and theoretical basis for preparing MCMAPs and could promote the application of MAP microcapsules in wood flame-retardant materials.

Phosphorous-containing flame retardant plasticizer based on Cassia fistula seed oil and their application in poly(vinyl chloride) films

The need for safety and sustainability has prompted the development of flame-retardant bio-based plasticizers from renewable resources. In this study, an efficient phosphorous-containing flame retardant plasticizer (ECFSO-P) for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was synthesized using Cassia fistula seed oil and characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies. In replace of the dioctyl phthalate (DOP), the ECFSO-P was employed as a flame retardant plasticizer to produce poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends. The PVC blends were prepared using ECFSO-P, DOP, and ECFSO-P + DOP blends as plasticizers. The PVC blends with different concentrations of DOP and ECFSO-P were investigated with thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical properties, fire retardant performance, crystallinity, leaching, volatility, and density functional theory (DFT) studies. The TGA results showed that the thermal degradation temperature of PVC blends plasticized with ECFSO-P reached 230.6 ºC. The glass transition temperature, Tg decreased to 34ºC as determined by DSC, when DOP was completely replaced with ECFSO-P. When PVC was plasticized with ECFSO-P only, the tensile strength and elongation at break reached 6.41 and 508.83, respectively. The leaching and volatility properties of ECFSO-P plasticized PVC blends were better than DOP plasticized film. Limited oxygen index (LOI) and smoke density rating (SDR) values were increased by 6.7% and 17.4%, respectively. The WAXS profiles showed that ECFSO-P did not alter the order of crystallinity among the PVC chains. As expected, the hydrogen bonding interactions between plasticizers and the -CH-Cl units of PVC were confirmed by DFT calculations.