Fire Protection Systems In Buildings Research Articles

Evaluasi Sistem Proteksi Hidrant sebagai Pengendalian Bahaya Kebakaran Pada Bangunan Perkantoran dengan Luas Bangunan 35.190 m2

In general, every building must be protected from fire hazards by passive and active fire protection systems. The application of a passive or active protection system is based on the function/classification, area, height, volume, building materials installed, and/or the number of building occupants. Therefore, we need a fire prevention system to reduce the impact and losses caused by fires. Fire Protection Systems are generally regulated by Permen PU 26/PRT/M/2008 concerning Technical Requirements for Fire Protection Systems in Buildings and the Environment, and then these requirements are grouped according to their respective aspects including, Hydrant Systems, pipe systems upright, Sprinkler System, and Smoke control system. The Hydrant Pump consists of Joekey 25 GPM, Electric and Diesel with a capacity of 1000 GPM

A Prediction Model for Smoke Spread Path in High Rise Building Fires Based on Graph Theory

To satisfy the demand for rapid prediction of smoke transmission paths in high-rise building fires, a graph-based model was developed. The model represents a high-rise building as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) grid model and employs computer simulation to determine the smoke transmission path and generate prediction results. The results were compared with those from similar simulations and were found to be consistent, indicating the feasibility and objective nature of the prediction results. Compared to other methods, this model has a shorter modeling time and can quickly provide prediction results. Furthermore, it can be applied to buildings of any structure, thus serving as a reference for smoke control design in high-rise building fire protection systems, particularly in cases involving complex internal structures.

Systems as an effort to guarantee the safety and security of guests study of hotel building fire protection

<p>Hotel fires can occur at any time without knowing the season for which the hotel building must have a fire extinguishing system that can guarantee the safety of guests, the purpose of this study is to find out the equipment used in the hotel building fire extinguishing system, to assess the completeness of facilities and infrastructure of the hotel building fire protection system, know the precautions against hotel fires in an effort to guarantee the safety and security of guests in hotel. The research methods used in this study are library study methods, interview methods, observation methods, documentation methods. Assessment of the completeness and reliability of building fire protection systems against fire hazards is used the parameters of tread completeness, means of rectification, active and passive protection systems. In data collection, it was carried out on the object of the study, namely at the Sahid Jaya Solo Hotel. The results of the discussion in this study, the equipment in the research object is complete and functions well and the results of the assessment of the reliability of the fire protection system obtained results of 90.63 which means that the reliability of the building is very good. From these results, it can be used as a consideration for the hotel in improving the right fire extinguishing system in an effort to guarantee the safety and security of guests.</p>

Applying Indonesia Regulation on Fire Protection System at WTC 1 Building in Jakarta through Fire Risk Assessment (FRA)

Currently, the development of building maintenance should be a major consideration in particular against fire hazards, in order to carry out activities, and increase productivity and improve quality in their life. This Ministerial Regulation is intended to be a reference for building administrators in realizing building operations that are safe against fire hazards. The purpose for the FRA implementation is functioning the WTC 1 building and environments those are safe for humans, property, especially from the danger of fire, so as not to cause social welfare disturbances. The scope of this ministerial regulation covers fire protection systems in buildings and their environment starting from the planning stage, implementation of development to the utilization stage, so that the building is always reliable and of good quality according to its function.

Intelligent control of building fire protection system using digital twins and semantic web technologies

A fire protection system takes on a critical significance to building operation. This paper describes the use of digital twins (DTs) and semantic web technologies for the intelligent control of building fire protection (BFP) systems in fire accidents. Specifically, a data fusion stage and several information-based control mechanisms are involved in the use of the two technologies. A designed BFP ontology is considered as the semantic model and basis of data fusion between the static building geometric information and the dynamic sensing data. The above information is incorporated into a DT data model, which is considered as the mapping of physical space. Moreover, rule models and process models are developed to achieve intelligent control mechanisms and keep the DT data model synced with the physical space. A case study based on a fire accident simulation was conducted to verify the feasibility of the use of DTs and semantic web technologies.

Calculation of Pressurized Fan Capacity and Static Pressure for Wisma Sudirman Building - Jakarta

Calculation of Pressurized Fan Capacity and Static Pressure for Wisma Sudirman Building – Jakarta. A Pressurized staircase is a significant piece of the fire safety strategy of tall structures. Long departure times are repaid by making safe conditions inside departure staircases permitting considering the uprooting time inside those stairs as time where inhabitants can be viewed as sheltered. In accordance with Minister of Public Works Regulation No: 26/PRT/M/2008 concerning Technical Requirements for Fire Protection Systems in Buildings and the Environment, in every building where the occupied height exceeds 24m, each internal fire stair must be pressurized according to the requirements in the regulation. All pressurization requirements for fire stair in this regulation must comply with the applicable standard provisions in SNI No. 03-6571-2001 or latest edition. The capacity and static pressure of the fire stair fan has been calculated for the Wisma Sudirman building, Jakarta, which obtained a capacity of 34,820 cfm and a static fan head of 2.42 "WG.

Analysis on Design and Installation of Automatic Fire Alarm System in Civil High-rise Building Fire Protection System

Analysis on Design and Installation of Automatic Fire Alarm System in Civil High-rise Building Fire Protection System

Emergency Exit Facilities Analysis in Fire Emergency Conditions for Footwear Manufacturing:An Indonesian Case Study

As we might know that work and safety has become one of lean foundation that mentioned in lean house along with heijunka, kanban, seiryunka, stabilization, JIT, kaizen and jidoka. Safety is number one or as priority is reflected in Anzen Daiichi which includes the establishment of a Health and Safety Committee. One of the fields of study studied in occupational safety is how to make anticipation when a fire emergency occurs. In addition to fire suppression so that it does not spread, the most important thing is to save the workforce in the building or around the fire. It is also mentioned in the Indonesian Minister of Public Works Decree “KEPMEN No.10 / KPTS / 2000”,” PERMEN No.26 / PRT / M / 2008”, concerning about Technical Requirements of Fire Protection Systems in Buildings and the Environment. This study will focus on the feasibility of emergency exit facilities at labour-intensive companies with a workforce of more than 15,000 employees. An evaluation of the adequacy of the facility will also provide an overview of how well the layout design is done in anticipation of an emergency. Comparison of theoretical emergency exit needed with actual exist in factory would be used as reference to improve leadership knowledge and could be used to strengthen analysis of emergency plan at the audit tools from customer. Theoretical calculation result of Emergency Exit required in PT. PIN is very sufficient when compared to the existing rules.

The most critical issues and challenges of fire safety for building sustainability in Jakarta

Fire incidents negatively affect the function and sustainability of buildings. This study aimed to determine the most critical issues and challenges associated with fire protection for building sustainability in Jakarta. Fifty high-rise buildings were observed and analyzed. Data were processed using the AHP, OMAX, and traffic light system methods. The results indicate that, in terms of building fire protection systems, only 42% of the total number of high-rise buildings in Jakarta are reliable, while 40% are less reliable and 18% are not reliable. The main issues are unavailability of access for fire officers and poor roads. The inconsistencies are also related to the poor performance of the active and passive protection system, which in most cases fails to function in accordance with fire safety standards. The results of this study are useful for increasing the awareness and concern of interested parties in building sustainability.

TUTUM Easy-seismic: Development of a Seismic Design Automation Software for Building Fire Protection Systems

‘소방시설 내진설계 의무화’에 발맞추어 내진설계의 ì‹ ë¢°ì„±ê³¼ 효율성 향상을 위해서는 설계 자동화 소프트웨어 개발이 필수불가결하다. 본 연구에서 개발한 내진 설계 자동화 S/W는 소방청의 「소방시설의 내진설계 기준(이하 “국내 기준”)」에 따른 흔들림 방지 버팀대(이하 “버팀대”)의 자동 배치, 계산서 ì¶œë ¥ 및 ê·¸ë¦¬ê³ ë¬¼ëŸ‰ 자동 산출 등의 기능을 ì œê³µí•œë‹¤. 또한, 자동화 S/W는 설계자의 수동설계와 비교하였을 때 약 3ë°° ì •ë„ì˜ ì— ë¬´ 속도를 단축시켜줄 뿐만 아니라 버팀대 등의 설계물량과 ê´€ë ¨í•œ 휴먼에러를 줄임으로써 설계안의 ì‹ ë¢°ì„±ì„ 높여준다. 뿐만 아니라 그동안 ë³´ìˆ˜ì ìœ¼ë¡œ ì ‘ê·¼í–ˆë˜ 소방시설의 내진설계방식에 있어 ì ì–´ë„ 버팀대 사용에 대해서 컴퓨터 ì•Œê³ ë¦¬ì¦˜ì„ 이용한 ìµœì ì˜ 내진설계를 ìˆ˜í–‰í• ìˆ˜ 있었다.

EVALUATION OF PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN SUPERMALL BUILDINGS

Evaluation of a passive fire protection system is an effort to find out how feasible a fire protection system is in a building. One of the main problems arising from fire hazards in mall buildings is fire protection systems that do not meet standards. This study aims to analyze the building fire protection system, with the Sun Plaza Medan case study with a total of six floors and one basement, and located in the city center. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative and quantitative, with a variable observation stage which is then carried out by a comparison process using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. This AHP method is helpful for researchers to get the results needed. Evaluation results obtained at shopping centers (case studies: Sun Plaza Medan) can be categorized as good, although several components do not meet the standards. Several recommendations were made for changes by testing, to obtain an increase in the value of the reliability of the passive fire protection system in the case study.

Assessment of The Building Reliability From Fire Hazards in Cikurubuk Market Tasikmalaya

Condition that describes an emergency and gives impact of loss or damage if it is not handled properly and quickly is fire. One of the causes of fires is the lack of adequate infrastructure and facilities for building fire protection systems, especially in traditional markets. The research carried out focused on the components of site completeness, namely water sources, road environment, distance between buildings, and outdoor hydrants. Site completeness is one of the prerequisites that must be fulfilled to create building reliability and environmental conditions from fire risk. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of reliability of the building safety system and the environment from fire hazards. The research method used in this research is analytical descriptive method where the examination and recording of existing conditions in the field are the initial stages in the research and become the basis for more depth analysis. The observation location is in Cikurubuk Market, Cikurubuk market is the largest traditional market in Tasikmalaya and this market has experienced fire in 2009 and 2015. The results of the reliability assessment of site completeness aspects obtained in accordance with the calculations based on the existing provisions obtained a value of 14.6 out of 25 or equivalent to 58.40% so it can be concluded that the site feasibility conditions for fire protection systems in the Cikurubuk market are still low.

The ‘Safety Gap’ in buildings: Perceptions of Welsh Fire Safety Professionals

This paper presents evidence of a ‘Safety Gap’ in buildings for fire performance and reviews different approaches to achieving Fire safety in England and Wales, UK, for a Research & Enterprise Innovation Funded project at Cardiff Metropolitan University. One aspect of the safety Gap is for potential defects in construction from incorrect installation, missing, inappropriate or defective components, that make up compartmentation, fire stoppings and workmanship errors, to enable rapid smoke spread across compartments, so preventing the safe evacuation of occupants. A questionnaire survey was conducted with fire rescue and safety professionals in South Wales, UK in 2016. Results show that more than 75% of the respondents think that in-built performance of fire safety measures including compartmentation are difficult to assess during fire risk assessments and fire risk audits, using current visual inspection methods. The majority of the participants agreed that a non-intrusive and non-destructive test method could help in ascertaining the integrity of building compartmentation and in-built performance of other fire safety measures and to ensure the safety gap is not present. It is discussed that these findings give fire industry backing for the non-destructive test, measurement and reporting protocol that the first two authors of this paper are developing for assessing the effectiveness of active and passive fire protection systems in buildings. This paper will be useful for academics, building owners and landlords, developers and fire and rescue services investigating and involved in ensuring the fire protection of buildings and of the health, safety and wellbeing of their occupants.

Computational fluid dynamics modelling of fire

An overview of a methodology for simulating fires and other thermally-driven, low-speed flows is presented. The model employs a number of simplifications of the governing equations that allow for relatively fast simulations of practical fire scenarios. The hydrodynamic model consists of the low Mach number large-eddy simulation subgrid closure with either a constant or dynamic coefficient eddy diffusivity. Combustion is typically treated as a mixing-controlled, single-step reaction of fuel and oxygen. The radiation transport equation is written in terms of a spectrally-averaged grey gas. Applications of the model include the design of fire protection systems in buildings and the reconstruction of actual fires.

University of Waterloo Live Fire Research Facility

Every year in North America, fire accounts for a significant number of deaths, injuries, and capital losses, as well as the related economic burdens of fire insurance, fire suppression and building fire protection systems. Indirect costs of fire due to emissions to the environment and groundwater contamination are immeasurable. These costs can be reduced through the development of fire-safe products, advancements in detection, suppression and fire fighting methodologies, and the development of innovative equipment for the fire protection and response industries. With this aim, University of Waterloo researchers from the Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Health Sciences, together with the fire service in their region and other municipalities across Canada, have conducted collaborative fire training and research exercises for over a decade. A unique synergy has developed, leading to direct transfer of technology to the broader fire service community; however, it is very difficult to access facilities in which controlled, realistic, large-scale, live-fire research can be conducted. To address this need, a $5.6M, state-of-the-art Live Fire Research Facility is being constructed by the University of Waterloo with shared funding from the Region of Waterloo, the City of Kitchener, the Canadian federal and Ontario provincial governments and industry. The research facility is an integral part of a larger Region of Waterloo Emergency Services Training and Research Complex, situated on a 16 ha. site, minutes from the UW campus. The major fire research infrastructure at the Facility includes • a large-scale fire research area with capability for generation and control of ambient winds and ventilation conditions, • leading edge diagnostics and instrumentation for scenario monitoring, control and data acquisition, • a large cone calorimeter and ISO room fire test area, • a small cone calorimeter, smoke density chamber, flame spread and flammability apparatus for testing the fire performance of materials, and • laboratory facilities for small and medium-scale fire research/analysis and the study of physiological impacts of fire fighting. The large-scale fire test area is 3,975 ft and 4+ storeys high. It is designed to accommodate a two storey house or other large-scale burn experiment. It consists of an outer enclosure with a moveable, inner steel burn ‘house’ in which fires can be set. Rooms in the house can be reconfigured, lined with representative materials and furnished as appropriate for a particular test fire scenario. Ambient crosswinds from 0 to Copyright © International Association for Fire Safety Science 114 20 mph can be generated by a bank of six, 72 inch diameter fans with a plenum/flow straightening system leading to a 20 ft × 24 ft opening into the main test area. The crosswinds flow around the ‘house’ (or other fire experiment) and exhaust through a large overhead sectional door at the far end of the enclosure. Also in the main test area are a 2 MW calorimeter and an ISO room fire test area situated adjacent to a 10 ft × 10 ft exhaust hood. A 3,385 ft conventional building is attached to the large-scale test area. It houses the main control room, general support services, a small-scale fire test laboratory and a physiological research lab for researchers from Applied Health Sciences. Fullscale studies of fire behavior in the burn ‘house’ can be complemented by laboratory studies of the fire performance of materials (heat release rate, smoke generation and ignition, and flame spread characteristics) and the effects of the fire environment on fire fighting personnel. Experiments in any part of the Facility can be instrumented for velocity, temperature, pressure and species concentration measurements with a variety of fixed and portable systems. Video and infrared visualization, laser/phase Doppler particle anemometry, particle image velocimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry systems are also available. Research efforts will focus on the application of basic principles of fire science to areas such as the movement of smoke and heat in full-scale structural fires, fire initiation, heat release rate and spread, flammability and fire performance of materials and components, fire safety, equipment and methodologies for fire detection and suppression and health issues in the fire service. Combined with the existing fire and diagnostics laboratories on the main University of Waterloo campus, this new Facility will allow advancements in fundamental fire research, as well as full-scale investigations with direct application to fire service and fire safety issues, performance-based building codes and occupational health in the fire service.

Evaluation of duct opening protection in two-hour fire walls and partitions

There is a continuing debate among fire protection specialists on the value and role of fire dampers in preventing fire spread via HVAC duct systems. It has been recognized that fire dampers are not required under all circumstances. For example, NFPA 90A,Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems, does not require the installation of fire dampers in ducts penetrating one-hour fire-rated walls and partitions. Additionally, there are circumstances where the closure of dampers may affect critical environmental air systems. In these situations, the value of fire dampers must be determined in terms of an overall risk assessment. It has been suggested that the role of fire dampers be considered in terms of the total building fire protection system, but a quantitative approach for such an assessment has been previously unavailable. In particular, there has been no data related to the performance of a duct system when subjected to a standard two-hour fire exposure. Gewain et al. have described an equivalency approach and full-scale fire test data for the protection of duct openings in two-hour fire-resistant walls and partitions. The objective of this paper is to review and summarize the equivalency rationale and test data and describe engineering methods available to apply an equivalency approach more generally. The approach was developed for situations where horizontal steel ventilation ducts penetrate fire-rated walls and partitions. The approach does not address smoke dampers or ducts containing combustible materials.