We can still remember Voyri’s fieldwork seminar, held in 1965 by NEFA, the newly formed student association of the Nordic states, pointing out that fieldwork in the form that it is mentioned among Finnish students is almost unknown in the other Nordic countries. A number of the Finnish participants in the seminar took part in the homestead researches organised by the Association in the 1960s, or were researchers on grants doing work in the archives. In the other Nordic countries fieldwork meant primarily thematic interviews conducted on the basis of questionnaires by individual researchers in various localities, or photographic documentation work done in groups. The questionnaire method, which in Finland was used together with other methods, predominated in the other Nordic countries. The holistic nature of Finnish fieldwork was closer to the “fieldwork” of anthropology, that is, to participant observation. It appeared to be effective and after Vyori’s seminar the idea was put into practice as a new “tradition” in the other Nordic countries. When the young Swedish ethnologist, Ake Daun applied the fieldwork method of social anthropology he had learned in Norway in his work Upp till kamp i Batskarsnas [Up to the Battle of Batskarsnas] published in 1969, he was hailed as a pioneer. For the Finns, however, this method was not new. Ethnography, that is, the research and teaching of ethnology and folkloristics in Finland in the 1960s was closely connected to traditional anthropology, which in Helsinki was called “yleinen kansatiede” [general ethnography] on the basis of the German term “allgemeine Volkerkunde”. The research directions were also taken into account in the degree requirements for ethnography. The chair now operating under the name of cultural anthropology was set up in the frame of Finno-Ugric ethnography at the University of Helsinki in the first half of the 1970s under the direction of Niilo Valonen. In 1973 Asko Vilkuna established the direction of cultural anthropology within the Department of Ethnology at the university of Jyvaskyla; it became a separate chair in 1998. As a result there are now three branches at Jyvaskyla: ethnology, folkloristics and cultural anthropology. Such a situation is