Finnish Collection Research Articles

Archaeological Artefact Database of Finland (AADA)

This paper presents the Archaeological Artefact Database of Finland (AADA) of prehistoric (covering period of almost 11,000 years) artefacts in Finland that are categorised by type and are accompanied with photos of the artefacts. The database is intended to contain all typologically classifiable prehistoric artefacts found in Finland and held in Finnish collections. This dataset provides spatio-temporal context for artefacts across different time periods and regions, as it includes approximately 38,000 single artefacts and approximately 10,000 pottery type identifications from the Early Mesolithic to the end of the Iron Age in Finland (c. 8900 calBC - 1300/1500 calAD). In addition, the artefacts are given period-based (subperiod) dating to allow their chronological affiliation. To facilitate data usage, we also offer an R-script to replicate the data visualisation provided in this paper and a Python script to merge the artefact information to the pictures. We further work towards an interactive user interface for data download and visualization.

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies 4 Novel Risk Loci for Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors Including a Missense Mutation in LGR5

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor (SI-NET) is a rare disease, but its incidence has increased over the past 4 decades. Understanding the genetic risk factors underlying SI-NETs can help in disease prevention and may provide clinically beneficial markers for diagnosis. Here the results of the largest genome-wide association study of SI-NETs performed to date with 405 cases and 614,666 controls are reported. Samples from 307 patients with SI-NETs and 287,137 controls in the FinnGen study were used for the identification of SI-NET risk-associated genetic variants. The results were also meta-analyzed with summary statistics from the UK Biobank (n= 98 patients with SI-NET and n= 327,529 controls). We identified 6 genome-wide significant (P < 5× 10-8) loci associated with SI-NET risk, of which 4 (near SEMA6A, LGR5, CDKAL1, and FERMT2) are novel and 2 (near LTA4H-ELK and in KIF16B) have been reported previously. Interestingly, the top hit (rs200138614; P= 1.80× 10-19) was a missense variant (p.Cys712Phe) in the LGR5 gene, a bona-fide marker of adult intestinal stem cells and a potentiator of canonical WNT signaling. The association was validated in an independent Finnish collection of 70 patients with SI-NETs, as well as in the UK Biobank exome sequence data (n= 92 cases and n= 392,814 controls). Overexpression of LGR5 p.Cys712Phe in intestinal organoids abolished the ability of R-Spondin1 to support organoid growth, indicating that the mutation perturbed R-Spondin-LGR5 signaling. Our study is the largest genome-wide association study to date on SI-NETs and reported 4 new associated genome-wide association study loci, including a novel missense mutation (rs200138614, p.Cys712Phe) in LGR5, a canonical marker of adult intestinal stem cells.

Materiality of Magic in Estonian and Finnish Museums

This paper discusses objects connected with folk magic and medicine found in museum collections in Estonia and Finland. Our perspective is comparative as we compare these collections to other sources and to each other. The focus is on what kind of objects are found in the museum collections and how these differ between the two countries. We also explore how these materials have been acquired and collated. While we see general similarities between the magic objects in the two countries, there are also notable differences: remains of bears stand out in the Finnish collections while fossils are common in the Estonian ones. Although these observations may reflect a true difference in magic traditions, there are still potential sources of bias in the collections. Even though the museum collections in both countries were formed with romantic national overtones, the interests of individual collectors and curators influenced them in various ways.

Cohort profile: SUPER-Finland – the Finnish study for hereditary mechanisms of psychotic disorders

PurposeSUPER-Finland is a large Finnish collection of psychosis cases. This cohort also represents the Finnish contribution to the Stanley Global Neuropsychiatric Genetics Initiative, which seeks to diversify genetic sample collection...

The reuse of texts in Finnish newspapers and journals, 1771–1920: A digital humanities perspective

The digital collections of newspapers have given rise to a growing interest in studying them with computational methods. This article contributes to this discussion by presenting a method for detecting text reuse in a large corpus of digitized texts. Empirically, the article is based on the corpus of newspapers and journals from the collection of the National Library of Finland. Often, digitized repositories offer only partial views of what actually was published in printed form. The Finnish collection is unique, however, since it covers all published issues up to the year 1920. This article has a two-fold objective: methodologically, it explores how computational methods can be developed so that text reuse can be effectively identified; empirically, the article concentrates on how the circulation of texts developed in Finland from the late eighteenth century to the early twentieth century and what this reveals about the transformation of public discourse in Finland. According to our results, the reuse of texts was an integral part of the press throughout the studied period, which, on the other hand, was part of a wider transnational practice.

Ground Truth OCR Sample Data of Finnish Historical Newspapers and Journals in Data Improvement Validation of a re-OCRing Process

The National Library of Finland (NLF) has digitized historical newspapers, journals and ephemera published in Finland since the late 1990s. The present collection consists of about 16.51 million pages mainly in Finnish and Swedish. Out of these about 7.64 million pages are freely available on the web site https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/etusivu . The copyright restricted part of the collection can be used at six legal deposit libraries in different parts of Finland. The time period of the open collection is from 1771 to 1929. The last nine years, 1921–1929, were opened in January 2018. This paper presents briefly the ground truth Optical Character Recognition data of about 500 000 words that has been compiled at the NLF for development of an improved OCR process for the Finnish collection. We discuss compilation of the data generally and show results of the new OCR process in comparison to current OCR, using the ground truth data as an evaluation benchmark. We also show with real newspaper data of 30 years and 109 million words that the re-OCRing process is improving the quality of the OCRed data.

Dermatological moulage collections in the Nordic countries.

The art of producing and acquiring dermatological wax models, moulages, flourished all over Europe in the beginning of the twentieth century, whereas very little is known about the existence of moulage collections in the Nordic countries. The aim of this study was to elucidate the presence, the origin, the production place, the use and the condition of dermatological moulage collections in the Nordic countries. In each Nordic country, an extensive survey was undertaken during spring 2016. Dermatological departments, museums with medical collections, persons assumed to have specific information about wax moulages as well as secondary sources were contacted and interviewed. Several hitherto undescribed collections have survived in each country, most, however, damaged and in disrepair. One Danish and part of a Finnish collection have been restored. Only few moulages are exhibited and some have been photographed and digitalized. Denmark and Sweden have had a local moulage production. Responses to the survey indicate that the result covers all collections of dermatological moulages in the Nordic countries, though some moulages may remain in private collections unknown to the authors, or uncatalogued in museums. Moulages are medical gems from bygone days before modern technology facilitated new means of communication. Restoration and appropriate storing should be considered for at least selected items from the Nordic collections.

Erityinen paikallisuus, yhteinen tulevaisuus

Special Locality, Mutual Future. Ethnofuturism in Contemporary Finnish Poetry&#x0D; In this article I study three contemporary Finnish collections of poetry; Jyrki Heikkinen ́s Pois voihke ja valitus! (2004), Johanna Venho ́s Yhtä juhlaa (2006) and Ville Hytönen ́s Karsikkopuu (2011), by focusing on such features that can be interpreted as ethnofuturistic. ese features include, for instance, the use of intertextual allusions to lyric or epic folk poetry and the use of archaic words and historical cultural meanings as a part of new poetry, hence the intention to oppose ethnopraeterism. Proximity to the forests, nature and their inhabitants, as well as their mythologies seem to be a mutual feature of Finnish poetry inspired by ethnofuturism. There is also a strong link to the Finno-Ugric language family which makes the poetry both culturally and geographically transnational.&#x0D; Ethnofuturistic readings of poetry allow the reader to realize the uniqueness of the language that has developed in this environment through several centuries and also how it has created various ways to express one ́s experiences of life. Ethnofuturistic readings of poetry can also pass on knowledge of the relationship between man and nature that modern people seem to have lost. This is crucial in the attempts to find ecologically sustainable forms of living. In the ethnofuturistic context the term ‘national’ does not mean nationalism but locality, which seems to emphasize cultural diversity and the fusion of local and global. Further research is needed in order to examine whether ethnofuturistic art could supply the means to understand or redefine the entire concept of nationhood.&#x0D; Keywords: ethnofuturism, contemporary Finnish poetry, folk-poetry

Finnish botanists and mycologists in the Arctic

Finnish botanists and mycologists have studied Arctic areas and timberline regions since the beginning of the 18th century. Most expeditions to the Kola Peninsula were made between 1800 and 1917 and until 1945 to Lapponia petsamoënsis on the western rim of the Kola Peninsula. Since those years, these areas have been part of the Soviet Union or Russia. Svalbard and Newfoundland and Labrador have been studied repeatedly as well, Svalbard since the 1860s and Newfoundland and Labrador since the 1930s. This article focuses on Finnish collections. These are deposited in the herbaria of Helsinki, Turku, and Oulu universities, except materials from the Nordenskiöld expeditions, which were mainly deposited in Stockholm. Concerning the Kola Peninsula, collections at Helsinki are the most extensive. The exact number of specimens is not known, but by rough estimation, the number is about 60 000, with an additional 110 000 observations included in the database. These expeditions have provided material to describe 305 new taxa to science, viz. 47 algae, 78 bryophytes, 25 fungi, 136 lichens, and 19 vascular plants. This number is an underestimate, as many new species have been described in several separate taxonomic articles. At least 63 persons have contributed to making these collections to Finnish herbaria. Of those, 52 are of Finnish nationality.

SOME EARLY FINNISH ART COLLECTORS IN THE LIGHT OF NEW SOURCES

In previous Finnish collection studies, early Finnish art collections have mainly been observed through European examples, using German or English collecting or museum‐historical literature. The history of art collecting in Russia identifies several identifiable phases of art collecting, and breeds of art collectors, that coexisted in Finnish early art collecting. In this study, the prevailing circumstances and the collectors' archetypes of Imperial Russia, of which Finland was an integral part in the period of autonomy, are considered through previously unapplied literature of Russian collecting and museum history in Finnish collection studies. Central to this are two case examples from early Finnish art collecting, with related unpublished archival material. On the whole, some of the current Finnish paradigms of the initial stages of art collecting in Finland are questioned, emphasizing, for example, the meaning of the social network, pivotal for the maturation of the collector and for the selection of subjects for collecting.

New species of Orthocentrinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Finland

Five new species of ichneumonids of the subfamily Orthocentrinae s. l. were discovered in Finnish collections. A new genus is proposed for one new species from Southern Finland, Fennomacrus koponeni gen. et sp. n. Its relationships and systematic position are briefly discussed. Four other new species, Plectiscidea aquilonia sp. n., P. fuscifemur sp. n., P. helleni sp. n. and Eusterinx (Holomeristus) fennoscandica sp. n., from Fennoscandia are also described. The hitherto unknown female of Helictes fabularis Rossem is described as well.

A survey of Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of Finland, part 1

Faunistic records of 150 species of Opiinae are given mainly for Finland. 78 species are reported as new to Finland. The gross distributions and known hosts are mentioned. In Finnish collections were found 9 species new to Estonia, 7 to Greece, 2 to Netherlands, 9 to Poland, 2 to Russia, 5 to Sweden and 10 to the Canary Islands. Oncophanes flaviceps Héllen is a new synonym of Opius (Aulonotus) pilosiscutum Fischer. Paraphytomyza fulvicornis (Hendel) (Diptera, Agromyzidae) for Opius (Utetes) rotundiventris Thomson and Phytomyza hendeli Hering (Diptera, Agromyzidae) for Opius (Cryptonastes) tersus (Foerster). As suggested by the editors of Entomologica Fennica this article is divided in two parts. Of the 150 examined species are handled in this part and 80 in second part. The distribution maps for all 150 species as well as the list of references are in part two.

Physicians' patterns of using a computerized collection of guidelines for primary care.

Physician's Desk Reference and Database is a Finnish collection of computerized primary care guidelines. The program has been in clinical use since 1989. For this study, a function producing a log file of all searches was added to the program. Two hundred twenty-seven users returned log files that contained 15,267 searches. The users made 3.12 (range 1-10.4) searches per day. The average time needed to find and read an article was 4.9 minutes. Sufficient facts were found in 71% of the searches. Dermatology was the most popular field of interest, followed by infectious diseases and cardiology.