Development Of Fingerprints Research Articles

A Comprehensive Review of Fingerprint Development : Exploring Unconventional Powder-Based Techniques

Fingerprint development remains a crucial aspect of forensic science, aiding in the identification and resolution of criminal cases. This review paper systematically explores the efficacy and potential of various unconventional and natural substances in fingerprint development. Focusing on an array of substances such as turmeric powder, Fuller's clay powder (Multani Mitti), food color, Holi color, durian seeds powder, soil powder, talcum powder, traditional powders, pooja materials, corn seed powder, silica gel G, broccoli powder, medicine powder, salt, sugar powder, and brick powder, this paper discusses their applicability, advantages, limitations, and comparative effectiveness in developing latent fingerprints. The review encompasses studies and experiments conducted to assess the suitability of these substances for fingerprint development across different surfaces and environmental conditions. Additionally, this article examines the environmental and cost-effective benefits of using natural and non-conventional materials in forensic investigations and their sustainability and availability compared to traditional chemical reagents.

The effect of fingerprint enhancement methods applied on adhesive surfaces on DNA recovery: a preliminary study

The presence of body fluids such as blood, saliva, semen or urine during fingerprint research on the evidence taken from the crime scene makes it necessary to protect biological materials to examine the evidence in multiple ways. Therefore, it is crucial that fingerprint development (FD) techniques do not disrupt the structure of biological materials during FD procedures. In this sense, it is essential to determine whether biological material or fingerprints should be the priority during the collection of evidentiary materials, to determine the systematic order and to determine whether the FD methods to be applied cause damage to the genetic material used in the identification of individuals and to evaluate them in terms of their evidentiary quality. This study investigated the effects of the application of trace detection methods on DNA profiling processes in evidence where fingerprints and biological samples are found at the same time. In this study, blood, saliva, semen and urine samples were taken from a male individual who signed an informed consent form at the laboratory stage. The samples were applied 50 µL on the adhesive tape surface. After application, the samples were treated with crystal violet (CV) and sticky side (SS) fingerprint development chemicals suitable for the surface type. The prepared samples were dried under room conditions. After 1 day and 45 days under normal room conditions, silica-based DNA extraction was performed. After extraction, DNA quantification was performed using the fluorimetry method. In the study, biological samples with known DNA content were used to focus on DNA quantification. Among the fresh samples prepared in the study, DNA recovery was higher in the SS-treated urine, blood and saliva samples and in the CV-treated semen sample group compared to the other groups. This shows that chemical treatment of some biological samples on adhesive tape increases the efficiency of DNA recovery. When the 45-day waiting samples were compared with the control group samples, DNA recovery decreased in CV-treated urine and blood samples, while DNA recovery increased in SS-treated urine and blood samples. In semen samples, both CV and SS treatment negatively affected DNA recovery. In saliva samples, DNA recovery increased ~2-fold in the CV-treated sample group, while SS treatment caused a ~75% decrease in DNA recovery. The results show that the non-porous adhesive tape does not adversely affect the amount of DNA in terms of STR profiling of latent FD chemicals used on the surfaces and that adhesive tape treated with fingerprint enhancement chemicals can actually be used for advanced forensic genetic analyses for DNA extraction on surfaces.

Criminalistics and Crime Scene Investigation in Microgravity Space

Addresses the challenges and considerations of criminalistics and crime scene investigation in extraterrestrial gravitational environments. Future space exploration may require the development of protocols for extraterrestrial crime scene investigations. Challenges in microgravity effects, confined space environments, forensic techniques, communication, coordination, and legal jurisdiction are highlighted in this brief. Microgravity effects create difficulties in dis-placing evidence, such as blood spatter patterns, which make interpretation of events difficult. Restricted areas such as spacecraft and stations require special techniques and equipment. Storing and securing evidence in microgravity makes traditional methods impractical. The lack of gravity affects fingerprint development and preservation, requiring the use of alternative methods. Compact and specialized equipment is required to analyze DNA in space. Communication de-lays hinder real-time collaboration between researchers on Earth and those in space. Guidance can be provided to personnel in space with remote technologies and autonomous systems. Determining legal jurisdiction for crimes committed in space or on spacecraft requires complex international cooperation and agreements. The development of space law, technology and international agreements is important to meet the challenges of extraterrestrial crime scene investigations. Future discussions and research will provide a basis for establishing protocols for extraterrestrial crime scene investigations to ensure effective and fair forensic practices. As space exploration progresses, advances need to be made in these areas. As space exploration advances, the development of space law, technology, and international agreements is crucial to meeting the unique challenges of extraterrestrial crime scene investigations. This summary provides a basis for future discussions and research regarding the establishment of protocols to ensure effective and fair forensic practices off Earth.

HPTLC Finger Print Development and Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Alstonia scholaris Linn. Root Extract

HPTLC Finger Print Development and Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Alstonia scholaris Linn. Root Extract

Potential of Y2Sn2O7:Eu3+, Dy3+ Inorganic Nanophosphors in Latent Fingermark Detection

In this work, we investigated the potential of Eu3+/Dy3+-codoped Y2Sn2O7 fluorescent nanophosphors to visualize latent fingermarks. We prepared these nanophosphors with various doping concentrations by the conventional coprecipitation reaction. The crystal structure, morphology, luminescence properties, and energy transfer mechanisms were studied. The crystalline phase was characterized by X-ray diffraction and crystal structure refinement using the Rietveld method. XRD measurements showed that the samples crystallized in the pure single pyrochlore phase with few more peaks originated from secondary phases and impurities generated during phosphor production, and that Eu3+ ions occupied D3d symmetry sites. The average crystallite size after mechanical grinding was less than 100 nm for all compositions. The optical characterization showed that, when excited under 532 nm, the Eu3+/Dy3+-codoped Y2Sn2O7 samples’ main intense emission peaks were located at 580–707 nm, corresponding to the 5D0→7Fj (j = l, 2, 3, and 4) transitions of europium. In fact, the 5D0→7F2 hypersensitive transition is strongly dependent on the local environment and was quite weak in Eu3+:Y2Sn2O7 at low Eu3+ doping levels. We found that the presence of Dy3+ as a codopant permitted enhancing the emission from this transition. The calculated PL CIE coordinates for the synthesized nanophosphors were very close to those of the reddish-orange region and only slightly dependent on the doping level. Various surfaces, including difficult ones (wood and ceramic), were successfully tested for latent fingerprint development with the prepared Eu3+/Dy3+-codoped Y2Sn2O7 fluorescent nanophosphor powder. Thanks to the high contrast obtained, fingerprint ridge patterns at all three levels were highlighted: core (level 1) islands, bifurcation, and enclosure (level 2), and even sweat pores (level 3).

Ultra-bright green emitting Sr2MgSi2O7:Tb3+ nanophosphors: unveiling multi-security applications in anti-counterfeiting, flexible films, optical thermometry and latent fingerprint visualization

In this study, we synthesized facile green-emitting Sr2MgSi2O7:Tb3+ (1–11 mol %) nanophosphors (SMSO:Tb3+ NPs) using a solid-state reaction method. Characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a tetragonal crystal structure in the as-synthesized SMSO:Tb3+ NPs. Crystallographic data obtained from Rietveld refinements identified the specific sites of Tb3+ ions in the host material. Chemical and photo-luminescent properties are explored using X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. The NPs exhibited vibrant green emission at 547 nm, attributed to the Tb3+ ions' 5D4→7F5 transition, with a high quantum yield of 63.10 %. Optimal doping concentration is determined as 7 mol % (SMSO:7 Tb3+), overcoming concentration quenching primarily due to dipole-dipole (d-d) interaction. Impressively, SMSO:7 Tb3+ NPs demonstrated a correlated colour temperature (CCT) of 5549 K, colour purity (CP) of 91.60 %, and excellent colour stability. These phosphors are effectively applied in latent fingerprints (LFPs) development, revealing distinct ridge features useful for personal identification. Additionally, SMSO:7 Tb3+ NPs, combined with soluble PVA, are used to create a transparent anti-counterfeiting (AC) film, exhibiting intense green emission under UV 365 nm light. Notably, the film flexibility, durability, and foldability enhance its applicability in AC techniques. This study showcases SMSO:Tb3+ NPs as versatile luminous platforms with applications in flexible displays, high-colour quality lighting, fingerprint (FP) visualization, and anti-counterfeiting.

Development research of latent fingermarks based on aggregation-induced emission technique.

Fingerprints hold evidential value for individual identification; a sensitive, efficient, and convenient method for visualizing latent fingermarks (LFMs) is of great importance in the field of crime scene investigation. In this study, we proposed an aggregation-induced emission atomization technique (AIE-AT) to obtain high-quality fingermark images. Six volunteers made over 1566 fingerprint samples on 17 different objects. The quality of fingermark development was evaluated using grayscale analysis for quantitative assessment, combining the fluency of fingermark ridges and the degree of level 2 and level 3 features. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed to explore the effectiveness of AIE molecule C27H19N3SO in developing fingermarks, its applicability to objects, and its individual selectivity. Additionally, the stability of the AIE molecule was examined. Comparative experimental results demonstrated the high stability of the AIE molecule, making it suitable for long-term preservation. The grayscale ratio of the ridges and furrows was at least 2, with high brightness contrast, the level 2 and level 3 features were clearly observable. The AIE-AT proved to be effective for developing fingermarks on nonporous, porous, and semiporous objects. It exhibited low selectivity on suspects who leave fingermarks and showed better development effects on challenging objects, as well as efficient extraction capability for insitu fingermarks. In summary, AIE-AT can efficiently develop latent fingermarks on common objects and even challenging ones. It locates the latent fingermarks for further accurate extraction of touch exfoliated cells insitu, providing technical support for the visualization of fingermarks and the localization for extraction of touch DNA.

Role of doped ZnO variants for the development of latent fingerprint

Here we are presenting a promising approach for the green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials by using lemon grass with minimal environmental impact. The fabricated zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with different dyes ranging from 25 −100 nm were applied to read the minutiae points of finger prints that can lead for person identification. In this model project, we doped different dyes on ZnO and used for the development of latent finger prints on different surfaces and at time duration (1 h to 24 h). The linkage between nanomaterials and fingerprint residues is among oxide group and amine group. We presented that these designed materials have the ability to develop fingerprints on variety of substrates. We displayed that with the passing of time the chroma index and intensity reduce but still at 24 h we can read the minutiae details. This research opens a new era to enhance and quantifying contrast between surface and applied material.

Rapid and Precise Differentiation and Authentication of Agricultural Products via Deep Learning-Assisted Multiplex SERS Fingerprinting.

Accurate and rapid differentiation and authentication of agricultural products based on their origin and quality are crucial to ensuring food safety and quality control. However, similar chemical compositions and complex matrices often hinder precise identification, particularly for adulterated samples. Herein, we propose a novel method combining multiplex surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) fingerprinting with a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), which enables the effective differentiation of the category, origin, and grade of agricultural products. This strategy leverages three different SERS-active nanoparticles as multiplex sensors, each tailored to selectively amplify the signals of preferentially adsorbed chemicals within the sample. By strategically combining SERS spectra from different NPs, a 'SERS super-fingerprint' is constructed, offering a more comprehensive representation of the characteristic information on agricultural products. Subsequently, utilizing a custom-designed 1D-CNN model for feature extraction from the 'super-fingerprint' significantly enhances the predictive accuracy for agricultural products. This strategy successfully identified various agricultural products and simulated adulterated samples with exceptional accuracy, reaching 97.7% and 94.8%, respectively. Notably, the entire identification process, encompassing sample preparation, SERS measurement, and deep learning analysis, takes only 35 min. This development of deep learning-assisted multiplex SERS fingerprinting establishes a rapid and reliable method for the identification and authentication of agricultural products.

A strategy for the enhanced development of latent fingermarks with minimally destructive to DNA based on fluorescence Eu-Tb metal–organic framework

Fingermarks identification have always been the most effective and reliable way for individuals determination among the forensic science. The fingermarks at the scene of the case as the valuable physical evidence to analyze the trajectory of criminal behavior and portray the characteristics of the suspect play an irreplaceable role in the process of investigation. To reach its pivotal biometric individualization, the luminescent metal–organic framework (Eu@Tb-LL) was prepared via a simple optimized solvothermal method for visualizing the latent fingermarks with minimally destructive to DNA in this work. Eu@Tb-LL exhibited ideal optical stability and fluorescence intensity at the wavelength of 530 and 620 nm during revealing latent fingermarks. Meanwhile, Eu@Tb-LL is more effective than indandione (commonly used in the site investigation) in revealing aged fingermarks. More significantly, the Eu@Tb-LL superimposed on commercial manifestation reagents (Hfb) enhanced the effect of Hfb for revealing blood latent fingermarks on the non-porous objects. In addition, the STR testing results performed after the visualization process proved the Eu@Tb-LL was minimally destructive to DNA with a confidence interval of 95 %, exhibiting promising prospects for practical criminal investigation applications.

Prospects for the development of forensic fingerprinting in the context of digital transformation of society

The subject of the study is the provisions of the current criminal procedure legislation, the norms governing fingerprint registration, investigative, judicial and expert practice aimed at collecting, researching, storing and processing evidentiary information. The author sets the tasks to determine the main directions for further improvement of the collection, research of fingerprint information, its accounting in the context of digital transformation taking place in society. The paper considers available and promising technologies, methods and techniques in the field of forensic fingerprinting. The legal aspects of the use of fingerprinting in the practice of combating crime have been studied. The problems in the field of legal regulation of biometric registration, technical and forensic support for the activities of law enforcement agencies in the field of collecting, researching and evaluating fingerprint evidence information are identified and ways to resolve them are proposed. The research methodology includes the following methods: observations, comparisons, descriptions, experiments, as well as special technical and forensic methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author has identified promising areas for further development of forensic fingerprinting in the context of digital transformation of society. The author presents them through the prism of consistent and interrelated directions – collection, research, accounting and use of information. When collecting, attention is drawn to the possibilities of expert light sources, digital detection technologies, recording of trace information, and its verification by accounting. A legal justification of this activity is being carried out, new complexes of forensic tools such as smart cameras are being proposed. At the stage of fingerprint information research, the author draws attention to modern and promising techniques and technical means. Particular importance is attached to the prospects of research on micro-signatures, further diagnostic studies, as well as the development of specialized software and hardware complexes aimed at solving these tasks. During registration, the author draws attention to the need to take into account biometric parameters within a single system.

Beyond PCA: Additional Dimension Reduction Techniques to Consider in the Development of Climate Fingerprints

Abstract Dimension reduction techniques are an essential part of the climate analyst’s toolkit. Due to the enormous scale of climate data, dimension reduction methods are used to identify major patterns of variability within climate dynamics, to create compelling and informative visualizations, and to quantify major named modes such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Principal components analysis (PCA), also known as the method of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs), is the most commonly used form of dimension reduction, characterized by a remarkable confluence of attractive mathematical, statistical, and computational properties. Despite its ubiquity, PCA suffers from several difficulties relevant to climate science: high computational burden with large datasets, decreased statistical accuracy in high dimensions, and difficulties comparing across multiple datasets. In this paper, we introduce several variants of PCA that are likely to be of use in climate sciences and address these problems. Specifically, we introduce non-negative, sparse, and tensor PCA and demonstrate how each approach provides superior pattern recognition in climate data. We also discuss approaches to comparing PCA-family results within and across datasets in a domain-relevant manner. We demonstrate these approaches through an analysis of several runs of the E3SM climate model from 1991 to 1995, focusing on the simulated response to the Mt. Pinatubo eruption; our findings are consistent with a recently identified stratospheric warming fingerprint associated with this type of stratospheric aerosol injection.

Development of Latent Fingerprints on Different Types of Gloves by Using Physical and Chemical Methods

Fingerprints are a foundation of forensic evidence collected at crime scenes. But what if the perpetrator tries to be clever and wear gloves? Does this automatically mean no fingerprints will be found? Not quite. Latex gloves abandoned at crime scenes can be potential evidence that leaves the perpetrator's hidden fingerprints behind. However, despite their potential, gloves have proven to be a tricky surface for fingerprint development. This study explores the possibility of extracting fingerprints from gloves left behind by criminals. Sweat residues, dirt, and tiny particles trapped on the glove's inner surface can transfer a latent fingerprint, even if it's smudged. This smudged print can still hold valuable clues about the perpetrator. The study aims to observe the effectiveness of fingerprint development on various glove materials: latex, nitrile, cotton, plastic, and silicone. For this, a range of physical and chemical techniques were employed to reveal these hidden prints. Specialized chemicals like ninhydrin, iodine fuming, silver nitrate, Sudan black, and gentian violet were used to make the latent prints visible. Noninvasive approaches like fingerprint powders were also used to develop latent prints on the surface of gloves. This research highlights the ingenuity of forensic science in uncovering evidence even when criminals attempt to mask their identities.

Synthesis of phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR) based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) composites for double channel detection of latent fingerprints.

A reversible two-channel fluorescent nanocomposite with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect was designed for the development, analysis, and characterization of latent fingerprints (LFPs). For the construction of the FRET probe, a core of mesoporous silicas (MSNs) were used to encapsulate the organic dye rhodamine 6G (RhD-6) as an acceptor, while green-emitting monodisperse phenolic resin nanoparticles (PFR NPs) were selected as a donor. The up-conversion material (UC) of NaYF4:Yb,Er was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method, and the MSNs-RhD-6/PFR (PRM) was electrostatically adsorbed onto the UC nanoparticles using a layer-by-layer method to obtain MSNs-RhD-6/PFR-UC (PMU). Compared to ordinary single-channel materials, PMU can be excited by different light sources (365 nm UV/980 nm laser) and its fluorescence can be reversibly switched between yellow and green, demonstrating excellent light reversibility. The PMU composites were successfully used to visualize and detect LFPs on various substrate surfaces using a simple powder coating method. Due to the existing FRET effect and dual-channel characteristics, this composite material displays excellent contrast, outperforming commercially available products for wider applicability. Even on complex backgrounds and after aging or washing treatments, it still clearly recognizes fingerprints in first-, second-, and third-level details, showing its great potential in latent fingerprint detection.

Development of Latent Fingerprints through Nanoparticles: A Review

Development of Latent Fingerprints through Nanoparticles: A Review

Dansyl fluorophore functionalized hierarchically structured mesoporous silica nanoparticles as novel latent fingerprint development agents.

A nanostructured hybrid material based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) functionalized with chitosan and a fluorescent dye (dansylglycine), designated MCM-41@Ch@DnsGly, was synthesized and characterized with a view to its application for the visualization of latent fingerprints. These nanoparticles were applied as latent fingerprint developers for marks on surfaces of diverse chemical composition, topography, optical characteristics, and spatially variant nature, typical of forensically challenging evidence. For quality assessment of the enhanced fingermarks, the developed images were analyzed holistically using the UK Home Office scale, forensic protocols and, in terms of their constituent features (minutiae), using forensic software. Across a substantive collection of marks deposited on chemically diverse surfaces and subject to complex environmental and temporal histories, 94% of the enhanced images presented sufficient minutiae for comparison with model dactyloscopy images. This novel nanomaterial presents enhanced performance with significant promise for superior exploitation by forensic practitioners in the acquisition and analysis of crime scene evidence.

Aggregation-induced emission luminogens for latent fingerprint detection.

For over a century, fingerprints have served as a pivotal tool for identification of individuals owing to their enduring characteristics and easily apparent features, particularly in the realm of criminal investigations. Latent fingerprints (LFPs) are "invisible fingerprints" that are most commonly available at crime scenes and require a rapid, selective, sensitive, and convenient method for detection. However, existing fingerprint development techniques harbour limitations, prompting the exploration of novel approaches that prioritize investigator safety and environmental sustainability. Leveraging the unique photophysical properties of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) has emerged as a promising strategy for on-site analysis of LFP visualization. In this highlight, we have presented a comparative analysis of various AIEgens (organic compounds, metal complexes, nanoparticles, and polymers) for the development and detection of LFPs. Through this examination, insights into the efficiency and potential applications of AIE-based fingerprint development techniques are provided. In addition, several strategies have been proposed for circumventing the limitations of existing AIEgens. We hope that this highlight article will encourage more researchers to investigate AIEgens in LFP detection, contributing to forensic science.

Synthesis of Anthraquinone Derivate with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristic for Fingerprint Development

Synthesis of Anthraquinone Derivate with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristic for Fingerprint Development

Nanoarchitectonics of WLC-H3PO4–MnFe2O3 nanocomposite for latent fingerprint detection

Carbon-based material powders have been applied in fingerprints development. However, sustaining fluorescence in solid substances remains difficult due to the severe emission suppression of carbon-based compounds in solid-state materials. This study is the first to report on the use of activated wool char coated on manganese-doped iron oxide nanoparticle (WLC-H3PO4–MnFe2O3) as a novel nanocomposite (nCOM) for latent fingerprint (LAFPs) detection via the powder dusting approach. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) were used to analyze this nanocomposite. The nanocomposite produced good LAFP pictures on non-porous substrates such as aluminium foil and aluminium sheets. Moreover, this nanocomposite could be utilized as a labeling agent and could aid in the detection of LFP under visible light by providing distinct readability ridges and high-contrast fingerprint pictures.

Non-destructive latent fingerprint development and background elimination by Mueller Polarimetry

In this article we have explored the use of Mueller polarimetry for the simultaneous and non-destructive latent fingerprint development and background elimination. This proposal not only expands previously reported uses of the polarization state of light for fingerprint development, but offers some advantages. Samples of a few donors, taken on different heavily back grounded substrates, were measured and processed. Several strategies for background removal were applied. The results are very promising, since the background was successfully erased in all cases and the quality of the developed fingerprints was excellent for most substrates and donors. Considering that the method is non-destructive and that the proposed measurement instrument is inexpensive and portable the method could be tried in real cases with no risk for the evidence. In addition, the success of the procedure for background removal raises the possibility of exploring if it would work for the enhancement of fingerprints developed with other methods.