Fingertip Patterns Research Articles

Fingerprint liveness detection based on contourlet, various entropy algorithms and multiobjective genetic algorithm-based ensemble classifier

ABSTRACT Biometric devices have been indicated to be vulnerable to various threats. In the present study, a novel liveness identification technique is introduced according to the noise analysis of fingerprint images. It has been shown that the textural patterns of real fingertips are different from those of spoof fingertips. In this work, Real images were successfully distinguished from fake ones with an accuracy of approximately 99.50%. The database consists of 200 fingerprints, half of which is the real database (i.e. 100 fingerprints), and the other half is the fake database. Textural features are analyzed using pyramidal mean and PDFB analysis techniques that decompose images into directional sub-bands at several scales. The Shannon entropy, approximate entropy, sample entropy, permutation entropy, fuzzy entropy, multiscale entropy, Log energy entropy, and Sure entropy were estimated for all these sub-bands and were arranged into an array. In the classification stage, an ensemble classifier based on a multiobjective genetic algorithm was employed. The results obtained revealed that the suggested technique could successfully differentiate live fingertips from fake ones. The best accuracy was obtained for the proposed ensemble technique, with an average accuracy of 99.52% compared to other classifiers. After the ensemble method, quadratic SVM achieved the best classification performance with a mean accuracy of 97.34% in discriminating real live fingerprints from fake fingerprints. In comparison to other prior techniques, the suggested method produced good classification performance in real-time fingerprint identification while remaining straightforward. Therefore, the system can be a good option for use in real biometric systems.

Variations in fingertip dermatoglyphic pattern in congenitally deaf and mute subjects

Background: Dermatoglyphics, the scientific study of the origin, development and variation on dermal ridges and patterns on the fingers, palms and soles have been employed to observe association with many congenital defects and genetic diseases. Development of dermal ridges and congenital deafness seems to be interlinked as they develop at about the same time. Methods: The material for the study consisted of finger and palm prints of congenitally deaf and mute children of 100 subjects with congenital deafness and muteness between 5-21 years of age and 50 control of similar age group with normal hearing and speech were chosen. Digital patterns, triradii, total ridge count were noted. Results: Overall fingertip pattern of subjects and control when right and left hands were considered together showed significant results in which there was maximum percentage of ulnar loops followed by whorls, carpal arches, composites and least were the tented arches in the subjects. Mean ridge count of all the digits comes out to be less in subjects in comparison to control but it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Dermatoglyphics can serve as a simple, inexpensive screening tool but further preliminary investigations are needed to come to a conclusive finding.

STUDY OF DERMATOGLYPHICS MARKERS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Dermatoglyphic is the study of epidermal ridges and their con฀gurations on the ฀ngers, palms and soles. Schizophrenia is a complex mental illness with multiple etiological factors. Prenatal insult to the developing foetus and genetic causes has been implicated as major risk factors for the genesis of schizophrenia, according to the neurodevelopmental model. As it has been established by many studies that dermatoglyhic markers reflect the possibility of development of genetic disorders, this study has tried to find any association between the markers and the disease. The objective of the study is to study the fingertip patterns of schizophrenia patients and compare it with fingertip patterns of normal controls

Role of Dermal Ridge Patterns in Prediction of Periodontal DiseaseA Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which affects the supporting tissues of the teeth and was initially thought to be environmental in origin. The difference in the disease prevalence among the population could not be attributed to environment alone. Limited studies have been done on diagnosing the future occurrence of periodontal diseases by recording the finger print patterns of the patients. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between finger prints patterns existing among patients with plaque induced gingivitis, chronic localised and generalised periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study, carried out over a period of 6 months from January 2022 to July 2022) at Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru. Subjects were equally divided into three groups including 100 patients under each group- Group-I as plaque induced gingivitis, group II as localised chronic periodontitis and group III as generalised chronic periodontitis based on 1999 classification system. The finger print patterns observed were loops, whorls and arches. The fingerprint patterns were compared within the group and also between the three groups. Boneferroni test and analysis of variance test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Total of 300 patients were included in this study, out of which 175 were males and 125 were females with the mean age 34.16±1.33 years. On comparison of the fingertip patterns within the groups, a significantly equal distribution of whorl and loop patterns with a value of 4.950±3.11 and 4.750±3.10 respectively were found among the Group-I subjects. A significantly increased prevalence of whorls with a value of 5.300±3.37 was found in Group-II subjects and significantly increased prevalence of loop pattern with a value of 5.800±2.72 was found among Group-III subjects. The arch pattern was more in Group-II and GroupIII when compared to Group-I with a value of 1.450±2.21 and 1.200±1.33, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that a strong association between fingerprint patterns and chronic periodontitis existed. The present study proved that dermatoglyphics can be used as a powerful tool for early prediction and better prevention of periodontitis.

CASE CONTROL STUDY: A COMPARISON OF FINGER PRINT PATTERN OF DIABETETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH NORMAL INDIVIDUAL

Aim: To compare the differences in the finger tips patterns and a-b ridge count in patients with type II diabetes mellitus as case with non-diabetic as control group.Materials and methods: The study is conducted in 100 type II diabetic patients and 100 non-diabetic persons as a control group. For collection of palmar prints ‘Cumins and midlo’ method has been used. Non diabetic patients were carefully selected to be free from any disease which can influence the dermatoglyphic pattern.Observations: Observations were tabulated to find out distribution of finger-tip patterns like loop, whorl and arch and a-b ridge count from palm.Result and Conclusion: Statistical differences in fingertip patterns were found. This inference may be widely applied clinically for the early diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus mainly in a mass screening of a population as an additional diagnostic tool.

Fingerprint patterns in carcinoma cervix patients: A comparative study

Etiology of cervical cancer consist of many factors like genetics, environmental factors etc. Fingertip patterns are formed under genetic control early in development but may be affected by environmental factors during first trimester of pregnancy. These patterns may represent the genetic makeup of a person and therefore his/her predisposition to certain diseases including carcinoma cervix. So this formed the basis of our study where we evaluated fingertip patterns as anatomical marker of carcinoma cervix. An analytical and comparative study done on 100 histo-pathologically confirmed cervical cancer patients and 100 age-matched normal healthy controls. Their fingerprints were analyzed to assess the association of cervical cancer with the fingertip patterns. Fingerprints were obtained by ‘Ink method’ as it was mentioned by Cummins and Midlo. Data on differences in patterns of cases and controls were tested for it’s statistical significance. Statistically significant lower number of arch patterns was observed in the fingerprints of both hands combinedly of the cancer patients as compared to controls. It was also seen that the percentage frequency of arch pattern when compared separately for right and left hands of cancer patients and controls, the frequency of arch pattern was statistically significantly lower in left hands of cases than controls. So it can be concluded that there are significant difference in fingertip patterns of cervical cancer patients from healthy people and Dermatoglyphics i.e., the study of ridge pattern on the finger, palm and soles may be utilized to identify the people at risk of carcinoma cervix.

Palmer Dermatoglyphics in Essential Hypertensive Patients: An Analytical Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Dermatoglyphics deal with the study of papillary ridge patterns on the skin of fingers, palms, toes and soles. Each pattern is a unique anatomical marker, and their development is strongly affected by genetic and environmental factors. Aim: To determine whether essential hypertensive patients have significant dermatoglyphic pattern association as compared to non hypertensive participants in the study population. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in 228 patients (114 diagnosed essential hypertensive patients and 114 non hypertensive patients) attending the Department of Medicine at Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu, India, of both the sexes and belonging to different age groups. Informed consent was obtained from each individual. Palmar and fingertip prints of the patients and the controls were taken on the white crystal bond paper by modified Purvis-Smith method and the following parameters were analysed: i) Fingertip pattern frequency; ii) Total and Absolute Finger Ridge Count (AFRC); iii) a-b ridge count; and iv) ‘atd’ angle. The statistical contents like arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated and the t-test and chi-square test were applied wherever necessary. Results: There were more loop pattern in digit 2 of left hand of female hypertensives than controls. There was increased Total Finger Ridge Counts (TFRC) in both males (134.14±19.560; p-value=0.038) and females (131.42±27.777; p-value=0.001) hypertensives and significantly higher AFRC (187.65±67.806; p-value=0.001) in female hypertensives, There was decreased ‘a-b’ ridge count in both hands of male (Right: 24.19±4.36; p-value=0.001left:24.54±3.586;p-value=0.001)andfemale(right: 23.65±3.43; p-value=0.001 left:24.16±3.321; p-value=0.001) patients and decreased ‘atd’ angle in both hands of male (right: 38.86±4.001; P=0.003 left: 38.51±4.428; p-value=0.001) and right hand of female (40.70±4.476; p-value=0.009) hypertensive patients, as compared to that of controls. Conclusion: As the parameters showed significant association, they can be used as dermatoglyphic markers for early detection of essential hypertension.

Analysis of fingertip patterns in patients with oral leukoplakia: a dermatoglyphic study

Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is focused on studying the fine-patterned dermal ridges on volar surfaces of soles, palms, and ridges. It has drawn attention in the field of dentistry. The diagnosis of many diseases that are genetically or nongenetically determined can now be aided by dermatoglyphic analysis, as these patterns have polygenic inheritance. Millions of people consume tobacco, but all of them do not suffer from potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) of the oral cavity. It seems likely that a genetic predisposition could be an underlying mechanism. Aim: The present study aims at determining the relationship between dermatoglyphics and oral leukoplakia (OL). Materials and Methods: Fingertip prints were studied on 30 subjects who were divided into three groups: Group 1 consisted of 10 patients with leukoplakia; Group 2 had 10 patients with habit without lesion; and Group 3 had 10 patients without any habit and any lesion as control. Fingertip prints were taken by the ink method. Results: It was observed that the loops pattern was predominant in patients with OL and in patients with habit but without lesion.

Fingerprint analysis and gender predilection among medical students

Fingerprint is an impression of friction skin ridges, known as dermal ridges or dermal papillae, on a surface and its study is known as Dermatoglyphics. The word "Dermatoglyphics" indicates the study of epidermal ridge pattern on fingers, palm, and soles. Dermatoglyphics are constant and individualistic and form the most reliable criteria of identification.In the present study an attempt has been made to study the fingerprint patterns in medical students at M.G.M. Medical College Indore. Fingerprint patterns were studied in 194 students, 107 males and 87 females. Dermatoglyphic prints of the fingertips were taken using the ink method. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the distribution of dermatoglyphics fingertip patterns in both hands among males and females and the findings of the study are compared with the available data.

Relation between dermatoglyphic patterns and intelligence quotient and socioeconomic status in healthy children and children with intellectual disability: An observational study

AIM: To measure the intelligence quotient (IQ) and documentation of dermatoglyphic patterns of normal and children with intellectually disability aged between the 5-11 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted in two schools and the Red Cross Society. A total of 100 children aged between 5-11 years equally owed into two groups based on IQ using adaptive covariate randomization. Ravens Progressive Color Matrices were used to measure IQ of the children, whereas IQ of intellectually disabled (ID) children was measured by the Seguin board; both the scales are nonverbal intelligence scales, respectively. Bilateral palmar and fingerprints were obtained on the bond paper by the ink method using the rolling technique. Prints thus purchased were analyzed for the dermatoglyphic variables using a magnification lens and are read based on Cummins and Midlo classification The children were also classified according to the socioeconomic status of their parents and whether any correlation exists between IQ and socioeconomic status exists was assessed. The analysis performed by using the crosstabs and Chi-square tests for fingertip patterns and creases. For ATD angle, (a, t, d Triradii Angle) t-test for the equality of means performed. For statistical significance, two-tailed probability values of RESULTS: Among the children with below-average IQ and also the ID children difference in dermatoglyphic patterns exists in between digits I, II, IV, and V of the right hand and digits I, II, III, and V of the left side. CONCLUSION: Dermatoglyphics can consider as a preliminary noninvasive approach for the determination of IQ. Furthermore, it plays an imperative role, especially in distinguishing genetic intellectual disabilities. There was no association between socioeconomic status and IQ of children.

FINGER RIDGE PATTERNS IN PSORIASIS PATIENTS

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin. In India the prevalence of psoriasis varies from 0.44 to 2.8%, it is twice more common in males compared to females. Beyond the physical dimensions of disease, psoriasis has an extensive emotional and psychosocial effects on patients. Dermatoglyphics is the study of epidermal ridges and grooves on palm and sole which is formed during the third or fourth month of foetal life which remain unchanged till death. The present study is an attempt to correlate the differences in fingertip patterns of psoriasis patients with controls. In this study 54 male patients and 100 controls are included from a tertiary care teaching institution in North Kerala. There were 46.12% whorls, 48.31% ulnar loops, 1.66% radial loops and 3.91% arches among the patients. Among the controls it was 42.8%, 51.2%, 2.4% and 3.6% respectively. When the fingers are individually considered thumb and second and fourth fingers have more whorls in both cases and controls. Of these the increase of whorls on the fourth finger (ring finger) on right side among patients is statistically significant. Pattern intensity index, Dankmeijer’s index and Furuhata’s index are reported. The findings of the study are suggestive of a possible trend and an association of finger print patterns with patients suffering from psoriasis.

Palmar & digital dermatoglyphic patterns in essential hypertension – A study in Puducherry population

Hereditary factor plays a major role in the aetiopathogenesis of essential hypertension. Aging and positive family history increase the risk of hypertension. Development of dermatoglyphic patterns are regulated by genetic factors. So, in this study, we made an attempt to study the co-relation between palmar, digital dermatoglyphic patterns in essential hypertensive patients and normal persons in the Puducherry population. 50 patients with essential hypertension who were attending medicine OPD & 50 healthy volunteer controls were taken for the study under the age group of 30-60years. Digital and palmar dermatoglyphic impressions of both hands in cases and controls were taken using the modified Purvis Smith method along with their complete personal details for further analysis. The documents were analyzed using a hand lens for fingertip pattern, “atd” angle, and Sydney(S) line. The study results were found to have significantly increased (p=0.018) in loop patterns in (R) hand and insignificant (p=0.056) in (L) hand of cases compared to controls. Arch patterns were significantly higher in (R) (p=0.030) & (L) (p=0.000) hands of cases then controls. Whorls patterns were found to be significantly higher in (R) & (L) hands of controls (p=0.001). Mean ‘atd’ angle was significantly increased (p=0.000, p=0.020) in both hands of cases. Presence of Sydney line was seen rarely & equally in cases and controls. Increased frequency of loops & arches pattern with increased ‘atd’ Angle can be used as an external marker in early detection of hypertension and to plan for effective preventive strategies in the Puducherry population.

Comparative study to analyse the correlation between dermatoglyphics and impacted teeth

Background and Aims: Dental impaction is a serious challenge to the dental practitioners. Treatment for impaction is a complex procedure. During embryogenesis, the ridged skin and teeth develop from the same layer,. hence, suggesting that the genetic information in the genome is dissipated during this period, and any disturbance affecting tooth development and structure will be simultaneously reflected through change in dermatoglyphic patterns. This study aims to analyse the correlation between dermatoglyphics pattern variations and impacted teeth. Settings and Design: 100 patients, 50 impacted and 50 healthy patients, were selected who are attending to the department of oral medicine and radiology between the age group of 18-40 years. Methods and Materials: The fingerprints of both the hands were obtained using the duplicating ink pad. The fingertip patterns were analysed according to the classical method, and configurational types were classified according to the topological method. Statistical Analysis: The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 20.0 and the test of proportion and Chi-square test was used for the analysis. Results: Whorl type of fingerprints were observed more in impacted teeth patients whereas loop type of fingerprints was observed more in healthy patients. Conclusions: There is a significant correlation between impacted teeth and Dermatoglyphics and it can be used as a predilection marker.

Dermatoglyphics as a Novel Method for Assessing Intelligence Quotient in Children Aged 5-11 Years: A Cross-sectional Study.

AimTo measure the IQ and record dermatoglyphic patterns of children including intellectually disabled aged between 5 years and 11 years and to correlate them.Materials and methodsThe present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in two private schools in the city corporation limits. A total of 300 children aged between 5 years and 11 years were equally allocated into three groups based on IQ using covariate adaptive randomization. IQ of the children was measured using Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices. Bilateral palmar and finger prints were obtained on A4-size papers by ink method using rolling technique. Prints thus obtained were analyzed for dermatoglyphic variables using magnification lens and are read based on Cummins and Midlo classification for fingertip patterns and Bali and Chaube classification for palmar flexion creases. The data were entered and statistically analyzed. For statistical significance, a two-tailed probability value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant.ResultsThe current study suggests a relationship between different fingertip patterns of digits of I, II, III, and IV of left and right hand and also digit V of right hand with various levels of IQ.ConclusionHence, dermatoglyphics can be considered as a preliminary noninvasive approach for the determination of IQ. Also, it plays an imperative role, especially in distinguishing genetic intellectual disabilities.How to cite this articleTharay N, Nirmala SVSG, Bavikati VN, et al. Dermatoglyphics as a Novel Method for Assessing Intelligence Quotient in Children Aged 5–11 Years: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(4):355–360.

Palmar Dermatoglyphic: A forecast of hereditary diseases by the cumulative and comparative data in eastern Uttar Pradesh

Background: The study of ridges in the form of different designs as Loops, Whorls and Arches, various triangle, ridge counts as Total finger ridge count (TFRC) and Absolute finger ridge count (AFRC) etc. is called as Dermatoglyphics. Aims & objectives: This study is mainly focused on checking the validity and reliability of Dermatoglyphics for the prediction of various diseases which are mostly inherited like Bronchial Asthma, Essential Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus. In this study the finger tip pattern like Loops, Whorls and Arches with Finger ridge count (FRC), TFRC and AFRC is included. Material & Method: The Study has been planned in Govt. Medical College, Azamgarh on 190 healthy individual, out of those 140 were male and 50 were female. The finger tip pattern of both hands was collected in the form of Loops, Whorls and Arches with FRC, TFRC and AFRC. The created data was compared with previous case-control study. Results: It is been observed that there is no solid proof of Dermatoglyphic reliability because of unavailability of standard parameters (quality & quantity) of finger tip pattern, wide range of counts of patterns and Matching of present study results with both case and control of previous studies. Some studies was found important in which the count grading (from higher to lower) was changed from most normal results as Loops-Whorls-Arches to significant results as Whorls-Loops-Arches. The variability of results can also put a question on the inheritance of these diseases as it could be environment induced. Conclusion: Our study conclude that Dermatoglyphics should not be used as a tool for prediction of disease because of high variability in results until the cytogenetic study of these inherited diseases doesn’t show any specific parameter range of finger tip patterns in both aspects quality and quantity

A cross - sectional study of palmar dermatoglyphic pattern in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a hospital in South India

Aim: To study dermatoglyphics of fingers and palms and to use it as a tool to screen the population for the pre-disposition to diabetes mellitus, for risk reduction and early therapy. Materials and methods - The study was conducted on 100 diabetic patients and 100 controls, age, sex matched. Quantitative parameters like finger ridge count, a-b ridge count, total finger ridge count, absolute finger ridge count, atd, adt and dat angles were studied. Qualitative parameters like finger ridge patterns were studied. Dankmeijer’s, Furuhata’s and Pattern intensity index were calculated. Results: Difference of a-b ridge counts, Absolute Finger Ridge Counts and Total Finger Ridge Counts between cases and controls was statistically not significant. Adt angle was significantly more in cases in right hand as compared to controls. Tad angle was less in cases in right hand as compared to controls. Fingertip patterns in all digits combined and in both hands combined in cases and controls showed there was a statistically significant increase in the number of loops in controls as compared to cases. Dankmeijer’s index was significantly more in male and female controls. Furuhata’s index was significantly more in male and female cases. Pattern intensity index was significantly more in female cases and controls as compared to males. Conclusion: Findings of the present study highlight on the possible dermatoglyphicmarkers. There were many supporting and contradictory findings to studies conducted by other researchers, hence there is lot of scope for further studies. Keywords: Dermatoglyphics, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Finger prints, Dermatoglyphics, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Finger prints.

An Overview of Fingerprint Patterns among Students of Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal

Introduction: Fingerprint system of positive identification is based on the principle that the arrangement and distribution of fingerprint re­mains constant and persists throughout life and that the patterns of no two hands resemble each other.
 Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 250 students (125 male and 125 female students), aged 17 - 40 years of age, of Gan­daki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal from 15 March to 13 April, 2017 A.D. The fingertip patterns of both hands were collected and identified with the aid of a magnifying glass and documented as: Loops, Whorls, Arches and Composite type. The data were enrolled in SPSS version 16 and analyzed accordingly.
 Results: There was a preponderance of loop pattern (52.6%) followed by whorls (39.4%), arches (7.3%) and composite (0.6%). Whorls (41.7%) were more common in males compared to females (37.1%) and females had more arches (9.6%) compared to that of the male counter­parts (5.04%). There was no significant difference in fingerprint pat­terns among male and female students.
 Conclusion: The predominance of loops amongst other fingerprint patterns along with no significant gender differences in fingerprint pat­terns can be considered as a valuable research finding in the field of forensic science.

Role of fingerprint patterns in the histopathologically diagnosed breast cancer females

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in India followed by cervical cancer. It is a major threat to women today with nearly half a million deaths attributed mainly to the lack of early diagnosis. A fingerprint pattern determination is genetic, but it has been reported to be affected by the environmental factors in the first trimester of pregnancy. The importance of fingerprints in the modern world is not restricted to the field of forensic and criminal applications only. The purpose of this study is to examine the fingertip patterns among women with histopathologically diagnosed breast cancer and controls. Material and Methods: The study was conducted 145 histopathologically diagnosed breast cancer women and their fingerprint patterns compared with 145 normal healthy women with no family history of breast cancer. Results: The fingerprint patterns were analyzed between breast cancer and control group of individuals, which showed statistically difference. The most common pattern found in breast cancer females was ulnar loop (67.93%) followed by whorl (24.68%) arches (4.13%) and radial loop (3.24%)while in the normal females, the most common pattern was whorl (50.82) follow by arches (17.58%) radial loop (16.27%) and ulnar loop (15.31%). Discussion and Conclusion: According to our study, we conclude that dermatoglyphics may help in identifying women with risk of breast cancer. The dermatoglyphics can serve as an inexpensive, noninvasive anatomical and effective tool to determine the individuals with breast cancer in their future.

Dermatoglyphic patterns in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Dermatoglyphics is the study of epidermal ridge patterns on the palm, fingers, sole and toes. They are genetically determined and are useful in diagnosis of various genetic diseases like Diabetes mellitus. There are three types of fingerprint patterns: Arches, loops and whorls. Finger prints of both hands are not same and they persist throughout life unless there is damage to the dermis. The patterns of fingertip patterns begin to form around the 13th week of intrauterine life. These patterns are inherited in from genetic makeup of the parents but the inheritance is not purely Mendelian. They get modified during the first few weeks of the intrauterine life due to pressure on the finger pads and on the palms.Keywords: Epidermal, Dermatoglyphics, Genetic, Arches

Role of dermatoglyphic features associated with periodontal diseases

Aim: The aim of this study is to correlate the features of palmer dermatoglyphic with aggressive, chronic periodontitis, and periodontally healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 patients with mean age of 18–45 years were equally divided into three groups comprising 15 patients in each group as follows: Group I-periodontally healthy, Group II-aggressive periodontitis, and Group III-chronic periodontitis. The fingertip patterns of all the patients in each group were obtained and analyzed with the help of magnifying glass. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: An increased frequency of whorls was found in patients with aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis, whereas increase frequency of ulnar loop was found higher in the healthy group. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it was found that whorl patterns were in greater frequency in aggressive periodontitis patients. However, further studies with larger sample size are required to arrive at a conclusive report to correlate dermatoglyphic patterns in patients.