Fine Motor Learning Research Articles

Monitoring Fine and Associative Motor Learning in Mice Using the Erasmus Ladder.

Behavior is shaped by actions, and actions necessitate motor skills such as strength, coordination, and learning. None of the behaviors essential for sustaining life would be possible without the ability to transition from one position to another. Unfortunately, motor skills can be compromised in a wide array of diseases. Therefore, investigating the mechanisms of motor functions at the cellular, molecular, and circuit levels, as well as understanding the symptoms, causes, and progression of motor disorders, is crucial for developing effective treatments. Mouse models are frequently employed for this purpose. This article describes a protocol that allows the monitoring of various aspects of motor performance and learning in mice using an automated tool called the Erasmus Ladder. The assay involves two phases: an initial phase where mice are trained to navigate a horizontal ladder built of irregular rungs ("fine motor learning"), and a second phase where an obstacle is presented in the path of the moving animal. The perturbation can be unexpected ("challenged motor learning") or preceded by an auditory tone ("associative motor learning"). The task is easy to conduct and is fully supported by automated software. This report shows how different readouts from the test, when analyzed with sensitive statistical methods, allow fine monitoring of mouse motor skills using a small cohort of mice. We propose that the method will be highly sensitive to evaluate motor adaptations driven by environmental modifications as well as early-stage subtle motor deficits in mutant mice with compromised motor functions.

Cx3cr1 deficiency interferes with learning- and direct current stimulation-mediated neuroplasticity of the motor cortex.

Microglia are essential contributors to synaptic transmission and stability and communicate with neurons via the fractalkine pathway. Transcranial direct current stimulation [(t)DCS], a form of non-invasive electrical brain stimulation, modulates cortical excitability and promotes neuroplasticity, which has been extensively demonstrated in the motor cortex and for motor learning. The role of microglia and their fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 in motor cortical neuroplasticity mediated by DCS or motor learning requires further elucidation. We demonstrate the effects of pharmacological microglial depletion and genetic Cx3cr1 deficiency on the induction of DCS-induced long-term potentiation (DCS-LTP) ex vivo. The relevance of microglia-neuron communication for DCS response and structural neuroplasticity underlying motor learning are assessed via 2-photon in vivo imaging. The behavioural consequences of impaired CX3CR1 signalling are investigated for both gross and fine motor learning. We show that DCS-mediated neuroplasticity in the motor cortex depends on the presence of microglia and is driven in part by CX3CR1 signalling ex vivo and provide the first evidence of microglia interacting with neurons during DCS in vivo. Furthermore, CX3CR1 signalling is required for motor learning and underlying structural neuroplasticity in concert with microglia interaction. Although we have recently demonstrated the microglial response to DCS in vivo, we now provide a link between microglial integrity and neuronal activity for the expression of DCS-dependent neuroplasticity. In addition, we extend the knowledge on the relevance of CX3CR1 signalling for motor learning and structural neuroplasticity. The underlying molecular mechanisms and the potential impact of DCS in rescuing CX3CR1 deficits remain to be addressed in the future.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PLAYDOUGH TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS DAN KREATIVITAS ANAK KELOMPOK B DI TK KHADIJAH 8 KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI

Abstract
 In daily practice at Kindergarten (TK) schools there are problems and the development of children's fine motor skills, children's fine motor skills appear not to be optimal, this is due to the lack of stimulation given to children, lack of balance in the child's body in every movement. The method in the fine motor learning process that is used is not optimal. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using playdough media on fine motor skills and creativity in group B TK Khadijah 8 Banyuwangi Kindergarten. Fine motor development is related to the development of the ability to use fingers to use various activities such as sticking, pinching, cutting, painting and others. The research method used is the Pre Experimental Design method with the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design research design. The data used to obtain the data are as follows: observation, interviews, documentation. The statistics used are independent t-test and sample t-test. Research results. Playdough improves children's fine motor skills and creativity. Playdough media play activities can hone children's fine motor skills because they use their hands and fingers as well as eye coordination. Then the selected tool is easier to obtain. In conclusion, the use of playdough media has an effect on fine motor skills and creativity of group B children in Khadijah 8 Kindergarten, Banyuwangi Regency.
 Keywords. Media Playdough, fine motor, creativity, Kindergarten

PENGEMBANGAN BUKU PANDUAN MEMBATIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN FISIK MOTORIK HALUS ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN

This study aimed to describe the development of products in the form of a batik handbook on physical motor skills that are suitable to use for children aged 5-6 years. The problem underlying the research is that fine motor learning activities are usually given with the assignment method using LKA and conducted in the classroom. These activities show less effective results to improve children's fine motor skills, therefore the researcher aimed to provide varied and fun activities for children by making batik activities. The method used is ADDIE (Analysis-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation) model development research. In this study used 3 stages of ADDIE research namely analysis stage, design stage, and development stage. The data collection method used a questionnaire with a validation sheet on material expert lecturers and media experts. The feasibility of the batik handbook media was reviewed from the aspect of graphic feasibility, the aspect of content feasibility, the aspect of presentation feasibility and the aspect of language feasibility. Based on the evaluation of the validity test in the overall development, the results obtained by media experts gained the score of 82.5% percentage included in the category of excellent qualifications. While the media experts got the percentage value is 89.5%. The percentage included in the category of excellent qualifications which means and is suitable for use in batik learning activities. Based on theses result it can be concluded that the hanbook of batik on the fine motoric physical abilities of children aged 5-6 years. The developmentof a batik guidebook for kindergarten teachers that can stimulate the fine motoric physical abilities of children aged 5-6 years.

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS MELALUI KEGIATAN MELIPAT MENGGUNAKAN KERTAS ORIGAMI PADA ANAK KELOMPOK B TK PGRI DEWI ANJANI OTAK DESA JONGGAT

This research is motivated by the results of the assessment of children's development, that there are 87% of 23 Group B children in TK PGRI Dewi Anjani Otak Desa that are still incomplete in the development of fine motor skills. The problem of this research is whether the application of folding activities using origami paper can improve children's fine motor skills. This research is a Classroom Action Research. The subjects were 23 children of Group B TK PGRI Dewi Anjani Otak Desa. The object of this research is fine motor skills using the Kemmis and Mc Taggart models. Data collection techniques are done using observation and assessment rubrics. The instrument used is the observation instrument sheet. The data analysis technique is quantitative descriptive. The established success indicator is 75% of 23 children have fine motor skills. This research was conducted in three cycles. The results showed that the completeness of children's fine motor learning in Cycle I was 35%, in Cycle II it was 61%, and in Cycle III it was 82%. The percentage acquisition in Cycle III proves that this study has reached an indicator of success, namely the fine motor skills of children has increased> 75%. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that through this activity can improve fine motor skills in Group B children in TK PGRI Dewi Anjani Otak Desa.

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS MELALUI KEGIATAN MELIPAT MENGGUNAKAN KERTAS ORIGAMI PADA ANAK KELOMPOK B TK PGRI DEWI ANJANI OTAK DESA JONGGAT

This research is motivated by the results of the assessment of children's development, that there are 87% of 23 Group B children in TK PGRI Dewi Anjani Otak Desa that are still incomplete in the development of fine motor skills. The problem of this research is whether the application of folding activities using origami paper can improve children's fine motor skills. This research is a Classroom Action Research. The subjects were 23 children of Group B TK PGRI Dewi Anjani Otak Desa. The object of this research is fine motor skills using the Kemmis and Mc Taggart models. Data collection techniques are done using observation and assessment rubrics. The instrument used is the observation instrument sheet. The data analysis technique is quantitative descriptive. The established success indicator is 75% of 23 children have fine motor skills. This research was conducted in three cycles. The results showed that the completeness of children's fine motor learning in Cycle I was 35%, in Cycle II it was 61%, and in Cycle III it was 82%. The percentage acquisition in Cycle III proves that this study has reached an indicator of success, namely the fine motor skills of children has increased> 75%. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that through this activity can improve fine motor skills in Group B children in TK PGRI Dewi Anjani Otak Desa.

MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK MELALUI KEGIATAN MELUKIS DENGAN TEHNIK PINGER PAINTING DI TK NEGERI I PEMBINA MEDAN

The purpose of this class action research is to improve the fine motor skills of children through painting activities using the technique of pinger paenting in the BTK class of Pembina 1 Medan, Jln. Ujung Karya Medan City. The subjects in this class action research were class B kindergarten children which numbered 15 people consisting of 9 female students and 6 male students. The data collection technique used in this study is to use quantitative data in the form of tests and qualitative data in the form of observations. The observation shows that in the first cycle the teacher (researcher) has been able to improve the fine motor skills of the child by painting with the pinger paeting technique in fine motor learning activities well (35%) and in cycle II the teacher (researcher) can apply to improve fine motor skills in painting with the technique of pinger paenting very well (80%). In the first cycle students 'activities were classified into sufficient categories, while in the second cycle students' activities increased and were classified in the good category. Keywords : Fine motoric children, Painting, pinger technique paenting

Sigma frequency dependent motor learning in Williams syndrome

There are two basic stages of fine motor learning: performance gain might occur during practice (online learning), and improvement might take place without any further practice (offline learning). Offline learning, also called consolidation, has a sleep-dependent stage in terms of both speed and accuracy of the learned movement. Sleep spindle or sigma band characteristics affect motor learning in typically developing individuals. Here we ask whether the earlier found, altered sigma activity in a neurodevelopmental disorder (Williams syndrome, WS) predicts motor learning. TD and WS participants practiced in a sequential finger tapping (FT) task for two days. Although WS participants started out at a lower performance level, TD and WS participants had a comparable amount of online and offline learning in terms of the accuracy of movement. Spectral analysis of WS sleep EEG recordings revealed that motor accuracy improvement is intricately related to WS-specific NREM sleep EEG features in the 8–16 Hz range profiles: higher 11–13.5 Hz z-transformed power is associated with higher offline FT accuracy improvement; and higher oscillatory peak frequencies are associated with lower offline accuracy improvements. These findings indicate a fundamental relationship between sleep spindle (or sigma band) activity and motor learning in WS.

Poster 221: Application of Haptic Technology to Fine Motor Learning in College Students

Poster 221: Application of Haptic Technology to Fine Motor Learning in College Students

Effects of Practice Distribution on Learning a Fine Motor Task

Abstract Sixty college men were given 35 trials of either distributed practice (DP) or massed practice (MP) (N = 30 per group) on a fine motor learning task, the foot tracking task. The study was designed to make a direct comparison between the two groups of the amount learned. While learning was significant for both groups, there was no difference in the amount learned between groups. As expected, performance was significantly better under DP; this was attributed to the temporary depressant effects of Ir resulting from MP. The present results are in general agreement with the findings of a number of recent learning studies on gross motor tasks; almost without exception they reported that practice distribution affected performance but not learning. Thus, the traditionally accepted belief that DP is superior to MP in motor learning is not supported by experimental evidence. These findings present practical implications for motor learning in terms of efficiency in the use of practice time.