Fine Line Research Articles

Distinguishing Psychiatric Illnesses from Character Flaws: An Integrative Analysis of Biological, Environmental, And Social Factors

This paper considers the fine line dividing psychiatric illnesses from character flaws: an integrative multidisciplinary perspective. Biological predisposition, and environmental and social factors are analyzed to show how these aspects contribute to the formation and manifestations of mental health issues as opposed to personality characteristics. The study challenges simplistic classifications by showing that what is behind human behavior and psychological states results from an intricate interplay of genetic inheritance with environmental influences. Our position is that while psychiatric illnesses are more biological in origin, based on specific diagnostic criteria, character flaws are more dependent on environmental factors and social constructs. This nuanced conceptualization has significant diagnostic, treatment, and societal implications regarding mental health and personality.

Navigating between mobility and immobility: precarious sporting trajectories of young Guinea-Bissauan footballers in Portugal

This paper addresses the issue of migratory mobilities in football, dwelling specifically on Guinea-Bissauan footballers’ migration to Portugal. In this respect, it tackles two concerns: Firstly, despite its increasingly significant prominence in international football, the sporting migration processes of footballers from Guinea-Bissau have remained strangely absent from analyses of West African sports migration. Secondly, to combine the logic of mobility in the transnational field of sport with the subjectivities and aspirations of sporting immigrants, and how these young people navigate the fine line between mobility and immobility. In most cases, football winds up being a vehicle for uncertain and risky trajectories. Subsequently, we highlight three categories of immobility that affect these players and the respective strategies to counteract them: stalled sporting careers, remigration, and subalternization.

Representation of Invisible Disability: Exploring the Lived Experience of Teenagers with ADHD to Inform Game Design

Representation of disability in games is important to facilitate inclusive experiences. In our work, we address this issue through an exploration of the representation of ADHD in games. First, we engage in interviews with 15 young people with ADHD to understand their lived experience of ADHD and their perspective on its integration in games. Second, we formulate considerations for the design of games that include ADHD in a way that aligns with their experience. Finally, we apply the guidelines to develop three game concepts and evaluate them with the initial group of young people to critically appraise our design considerations. The results show that nuanced representation of ADHD requires careful deliberation, that lived experience should be leveraged with care, and that game design must be mindful of the challenges associated with identifying the fine line between disability simulation and adequate representation.

Playing with Space to Deal with the Contradictions of Customer Sovereignty: An Ethnography of Service Workers’ Spatial Tactics in Train Stations

While the existing literature on service work allows us to understand how customer sovereignty policies constrain service work by transforming servicescapes, we need a more agential approach to how service workers use space as a resource to deal with the tensions resulting from the promotion of customer sovereignty. This article draws on de Certeau’s thinking to fill this gap by looking at how workers play with space constraints and opportunities and deploy spatial tactics to walk a fine line with their customers. Through an ethnographic study of service work in train stations, this article offers a fine-grained empirical account of the spatial tactics used by workers in their daily work. We show how they use space to cope with the tensions in their daily interactions with customers, and how spatial tactics constitute micro-practices of resistance to customer sovereignty policies.

A fine line between attack and care.

Oxytocin neuron projections from two brain regions involved in parental care regulate both parental care and infanticidal behaviors in virgin mandarin voles.

SOFIA/upGREAT far-infrared spectroscopy of bright rimmed pillars in IC 1848

Using the upGREAT instrument on SOFIA, we imaged the 158 mu m fine structure line emission in bright-rimmed pillars located at the southern edge of the IC 1848 region, and carried out pointed observations of the 63 and 145 mu m fine structure lines toward selected positions. The observations are used to characterize the morphology, velocity field, and the physical conditions in the G1--G3 filaments. The velocity-resolved spectra show evidence of a velocity shift at the head of the brightest G1 filament, possibly caused by radiation pressure from the impinging UV photons or the rocket effect of the evaporating gas. Archival Herschel PACS and SPIRE observations imply H$_2$ column densities in the range $10^ $ cm$^ $, corresponding to maximum visual extinction $A_V 10$ mag, and average H$_2$ volume density of $ $ in the filaments. The ii emission traces $ 17<!PCT!>$ of the total H$_2$ column density, as derived from dust SED fits. Photon-dominated region models are unable to explain the observed line intensities of the two fine structure lines in IC 1848, with the observed 145 mu m line being too strong compared to the model predictions. The lines in IC 1848 are overall weak and the signal-to-noise ratio is limited. However, our observations suggest that the 63/145 mu m intensity ratio is a sensitive probe of the physical conditions in photon-dominated regions such as IC 1848. These lines are thus excellent targets for future high-altitude balloon instruments, less affected by telluric absorption.

Polish Conductresses and the Insecurities of Female Labour Migration to France, 1925–1929

In this article we argue that the reports of conductresses accompanying female migrants shed new light on the nature of interwar labour migration. As they mitigated the anxiety and insecurity that women faced during the process of migration, they fulfilled a crucial role in the highly restrictive post-1918 international migration regime. The Polish government introduced conductresses in 1925 to respond to news of the mistreatment and sexual exploitation of Polish women working in France. Developed in close collaboration with international organizations and the League of Nations, the work of these conductresses on land and sea routes was framed as those of ‘moral guardians’ protecting female migrants from the dangers of sex trafficking. However, we argue that their main function was to mitigate the uncertainties of the post-war international order, as traditional routes of migration were ruptured and both dispatching and receiving countries attempted to control and restrict migration. Female migrants had no networks with existing diasporas, were often illiterate, and mistrusted both Polish and French institutions. By addressing these challenges, the conductresses took on roles far beyond their function as moral authority: they acted as translators, knowledge imparters, mediators, and network forgers. Both in Poland and at the international level, the Polish conductress scheme was regarded a success, as they managed to provide a relatively ‘secure’ migration experience within a migration regime designed to walk a fine line between demands for foreign labour on the one hand and the rising ideal of economic protectionism on the other.

The O I fine structure line profiles in Mon R2 and M17 SW: The puzzling nature of cold foreground material identified by self-absorption

The O I fine structure line profiles in Mon R2 and M17 SW: The puzzling nature of cold foreground material identified by self-absorption

"How can you think about losing your mind?": A reflexive thematic analysis of adapting the LivDem group intervention for couples and families living with dementia.

Introduction: Despite the psychological challenges that dementia creates, comparatively little attention has been paid to how individuals or families can be helped to adjust to dementia. One of the few interventions to do this is the Living well with Dementia (LivDem) post-diagnostic course. LivDem focuses on supporting individuals to talk more openly about their dementia. However, while family supporters attend preliminary and follow up sessions, their role is limited and finding a way for them to be more actively involved might enhance the impact of the intervention and make it more flexible. We therefore set out to explore how the current LivDem intervention could be adapted for couples and families. Method: We completed eleven semi-structured interviews and focus groups with four groups of stakeholders: people living with dementia and their families: LivDem facilitators; researchers in this area; and psychotherapists with experience of working with couples or families living with dementia. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Four main themes were generated: "Hear the impact on everybody"; People who are "ready to do that"; "It's such a fine line"; and "You deal with it in your family". Participants emphasised that the intervention needs to be delivered by willing and skilled facilitators to people who are ready to talk in their family context; and this intervention needs to be embedded within connected services. Conclusions: Stakeholders felt that it would be possible to adapt the LivDem model for couples and families so long as a number of conditions were met. An adapted family or couple version of LivDem has the potential to facilitate improved adaptation to dementia and to be incorporated into dementia pathways and delivered with the NHS and the voluntary sector. Further research is needed to establish the feasibility of such an intervention.

Liking and sensory determinants of perceived naturalness and healthiness. A study on pizzas with young adults in a natural eating environment

This study aims to determine the sensory drivers of liking, perceived naturalness, and healthiness of pizzas in an ecological setting. The approach consisted in evaluating beliefs, perceptions, and liking by consumers of a large range of 16 pizzas representative of the French commercial market and selected on environmental and nutritional criteria. Sixty-four pizza consumers were invited to take 16 different meals in real-setting conditions of consumption at a university restaurant with pizza as the main course. Pizzas were also characterized by a trained sensory panel. This study confirms a positive link between liking and healthiness and naturalness, even though individual differences were evident, with some consumers prioritizing naturalness while others favored healthiness. Frozen pizzas are perceived as highly processed but were well liked when evaluated in the dining condition. Overall, preferences were mainly driven by the presence of multiple pieces of vegetables, sauce, and color. Drivers of dislike were mostly related to texture (stickiness and difficulty to cut). Although preference, naturalness, and healthiness mappings are relatively similar, our models show a discrepancy in the way texture drives preferences and perceived healthiness. This suggests that texture may play a critical role in the trade-offs between liking and healthiness, and that there may be a fine line between what is considered a desirable texture and a healthy texture. Individual regressions provided insights into consumer diversity, while combining sensory profiling with consumer-based methods offered a comprehensive understanding of product perception.

All wounds speak – performing trauma/witnessing grief

While ‘trauma' has become a buzzword encompassing any distressing event, its definition as an unassimilated psychological wound, unresolved and recurrent, also means that it cannot ever be completely known. Trauma therapy seeks to reintegrate experiences, breaking the cycle of perpetual suffering through fragmentary recollection. Drama and performance art offer a platform for this reintegration, potentially facilitating healing. However, the fine line between therapeutic confrontation and re-traumatization necessitates careful navigation, avoiding triggering negative emotions. Crucially, not all traumatic events lead to PTSD; resilience and communal support can mitigate the effects of distressing experiences, as seen in instances of shared acceptance and forgiveness. Theatre's role in addressing trauma lies in its ability to bear witness, creating spaces for communal acknowledgment and shared grieving. While contemporary performances often revel in discomfort, embracing unresolved narratives, they prompt reflection on the limitations of representation. Art's transformative potential lies not in explicit curative intent but in its expression of unresolved complexities of human experience. Through patience, acceptance, and a refusal to impose meaning, creative arts can serve as a site for healing, fostering empathy and connection amidst the fragmentary experience of what Freud called ‘traumatic neurosis,’ what has since come to be called Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

An Insight into Immunological Therapeutic Approach against Cancer: Potential Anti-Cancer Vaccines

The development of a cancer vaccine comes with its complications and designing and developing a vaccine against foreign invaders such as bacterial and viral particles is not as complex and multi-faceted as the preparation of immunotherapy for host-infected cells which resemble our own body cells. The entire research and development framework of designing a vaccine for cancerous cells lies entirely on the remarkable aspect of notifying specific interactions and acclimatising the immune system. This review aims to compile the several fronts research-based methodology applies to in terms of developing a therapeutic, preventive or personalised vaccine for cancer . The approach lays focus on the identification and selection of targets for vaccine development which have come to light as immune biomarkers. Furthemore, significant aspects of personalised and precision vaccines and the fine line that runs between these approaches have also been discussed.

Gaming Disorders: Navigating the Fine Line between Entertainment and Addiction-Gaming History, Health Risks, Social Consequences, and Pathways to Prevention.

The number of people immersed in excessive gaming has increased in this age of rapid digitalization. The World Health Organization and American Psychiatric Association Organization recognize a gaming disorder as a condition that results in significant problems in daily life as a result of excessive gaming. Both organizations emphasize the similarities to behavioral addictions such as gambling. We examined the appropriate usage of video games from the perspectives of health and management in this study. For the general population, video games provide positive impacts such as stress alleviation and memory improvement. Game playing leads to a loss of time and money for the individual. It also has a negative impact on the individual's family and social life, evolving into a social problem. Gaming addiction is often accompanied by psychological disorders and other addictions, and long-term medical treatment, including approaches to the individual's psychological background and cognitive-behavioral therapy, is necessary. Therefore, the prevention of gaming disorder is essential. From a societal standpoint, action is required in three contexts: the government, game developers, and within the household as a whole. Simultaneously, the public needs to understand the positive potential of gaming, such as e-sports.

Using Data Anonymization in big data analytics security and privacy

Big Data and Analytics mean an enormous and complex collection of very diverse information, which is processed with various technologies and methods to produce and deliver useful and valuable insights. Analytics is the science of using data, or information to extract useful and actionable insights, facts and knowledge from a collection of data it could be stated that Big Data Analytics is the best thing since every commercial data system ever built, although everybody with a more optimistic vision of technology would like to take note that there is a fine line where Everything Data crosses the boundary to something else, especially with regard to privacy and security of the world as we know it. Privacy and security are two distinct but closely related phenomena. Whereas privacy refers to the control over access to the individual, security refers to the stability or strength of controls designed to protect the individual’s privacy. There are many obvious considerations and obstacles when attempting to securely share data. During big data analytics, many invasive techniques such as data fusion, cross-correlation, and algorithm training are often conducted over shared data, which can lead to severe privacy leaks. This means that every enterprise, organization, and individual maintaining large data repositories are in danger of being breached. Our study teaches us that security, privacy, and ethical concerns in big data analytics do not exist in parallel to the business cycle, but must be wisely and ethically managed in coherence throughout all emerging processes of the big data and information systems.

Entrepreneurial Behavior of Women: The Fine Line Between Causation and Effectuation

Entrepreneurial Behavior of Women: The Fine Line Between Causation and Effectuation

Orwell’s Animal Farm and Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Comparative Study

The main aim of this article is to compare two emblematic works of 20th century British literature: George Orwell's Animal Farm and William Golding's Lord of the Flies. This comparative study adopts a New Critical analytical approach, focusing exclusively on the textual aspects of the novels independently of any external context or ideology. We examine in depth the plots, characters and settings of both works. The study is structured around three main themes. First, it examines the societies represented in the two novels. Secondly, it explores the power dynamics within these societies. Finally, it highlights the ultimate collapse of the societal ideals depicted in the two works. At the end of this analysis, several conclusions emerge: both works explore the creation of new societies emerging from those that have shown their limitations. The animals' ideal of society in Animal Farm and the children's societal project in Lord of the Flies fail because of similar power dynamics. Orwell's animals and Golding's children end up becoming the exact opposite of their initial aspirations. The animals in Animal Farm gradually adopt human behaviour, while the children in Lord of the Flies regress towards more animal behaviour. So, paradoxically and ironically, Animal Farm and Lord of the Flies share the same fundamental concern: the fragility of human society and the fine line between humanity and animality. By exploring in detail the themes and connections between the two novels, this analysis aims to provide an in-depth understanding of how literature reflects and critiques the complexities of human social dynamics and the fragility of the societal structures.

Three feet under: hāngī and the contemporary adaptation of indigenous culinary techniques

ABSTRACT The sharing of familiar foods is but one of the ways a cultural group identifies itself. But what happens if that cultural group begins to lose touch with, or control of, its food traditions? Worldwide, professional chefs are embracing traditional indigenous cookery techniques and ingredients in their search for national culinary identity. In doing so, the line between ownership and appropriation is becoming an increasingly fine one. Within today’s Māori society, the hāngī is one of the few remaining traditional food preparation techniques still in regular use. Yet the use of its traditional earth oven form is growing more infrequent as less labor-intensive variations grow in popularity and as the technique becomes increasingly incorporated into commercial hospitality practice. Drawing on research that explores the knowledge and personal experiences of seven hāngī practitioners, this paper examines the cultural significance of the hāngī as a traditional indigenous food preparation technique. As the hāngī increasingly crosses over into the commercial realm it questions the fine line between cookery technique and indigenous culinary property as it asks just what makes a hāngī a hāngī?

A Pragmatic Analysis of Flattering in Some Selected Literary Texts

This study aims at conducting a pragmatic analysis of speech acts expressing flattering in some selected literary texts (Hamlet). Flattering is used to express encouragement, which is false positive evaluation. Flattering assumes the effect of the listener’s feelings, actions and thoughts via the speech acts offlattering. Flattery is a social phenomenon that treads a fine line between acceptable and unacceptable social behavior and brings forward the strategic element of language use. Although flattery was studied in different areas but pragmatic literature has not addressed the phenomenon, despite its potential to inform the interpretive process participants engage in when evaluating politeness strategies in interactions. A pragmatic methodology was used to collect the data. The results of this study show how the characters judge an action to be flattery, what (verbal) acts count as flattery, and the functions of flattery in interactions.

Layer-Ordered Organooxotin Clusters for Extreme-Ultraviolet Photolithography.

Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) photolithography, which enables the high-throughput production of well-defined patterns with critical dimensions on the scale of several nanometers, is essential for the fabrication of a highly integrated semiconductor. The full exploitation of EUV lithographic techniques necessitates the development of photoresist (PR) materials with both high EUV sensitivity and a long shelf-life. However, despite notable advances, the available library of EUV PR materials remains limited. Here we report EUV PRs capable of forming preorganized layers consisting of ladder-structured tetranuclear stannoxanes. Single-crystal X-ray structure analyses reveal a close interlayer distance of 8.5 Å through interdigitation of the pseudoaxial butyl chains. The developed EUV PR materials exhibit high solubility in organic solvents commonly used in semiconductor processing, enabling the preparation of PR solutions with superior wettability and uniform film-forming ability on Si wafer substrates. These PR solutions also demonstrate notable resistance to hydrolytic decomposition for as long as 1 month, indicating a long shelf-life. Our PR materials enabled negative-tone patterning processes that involved a solubility decrease upon irradiation. The presence of chromophoric ligands makes our PR materials compatible with conventional UV photolithography, through photochemical reactions involving carbonyl units. In addition, e-beam and EUV lithography could produce fine line patterns of our PRs, with critical dimensions of 20 and 15 nm, respectively. Our research showcases the potential of layer-ordered organooxotin clusters for EUV PR applications.

The lie: Hiding to tell, telling to hide

We all lie. Some more than others, and others still have made it a way of life in relationships. There is a fine line between the normal and the pathological. It is certainly more psychologically comfortable to side with the truth than with lies. So what is it that drives the liar to stick to his guns?