Fine Motor Skills Of Hands Research Articles

Hand Injuries Onboard an Aircraft Carrier – A Case Series

Abstract Hand injuries comprise a large part of all the injuries coming to the emergency department of the hospitals. Being the most important asset to man after the brain, any injury to the hands can cause lasting consequences. The importance of gross and fine motor skills of hands can hardly be stressed upon. The cases although common in a general scenario are not easily managed onboard a mobile platform with limited resources in terms of expertise, equipment, and manpower. In this case series, we describe the management of five injuries which took place onboard an aircraft carrier during sailing over a period of 9 months.

ПСИХИКАЛЫҚ ДАМУЫ ТЕЖЕЛГЕН БАЛАЛАРДЫҢ ЛОГИКАСЫН ДАМЫТУ

The article deals with the problem of logic development in children with mental retardation in a comprehensive school, as the modern education system is designed to create conditions that meet the capabilities and needs of students with special educational needs. The development of thinking, including logical thinking, plays a special role in the senior preschool and school age. With the beginning of school, thinking becomes one of the key aspects among other cognitive processes. The lack of consistency of logical thinking leads to the fact that the knowledge acquired by the child turns out to be incomplete, which complicates the learning process and reduces its effectiveness. The greatest difficulties arise in children with mental retardation, who have a lag in visual-figurative and verbal-logical forms of thinking. The practical significance of our research lies in the fact that we have developed a set of joint classes for this category of children, aimed at teaching methods of logical thinking (analysis, comparison, classification, analogy, generalization, establishment of causal relationships), the development of memory, attention, fine motor skills of hands, interest in solving puzzles.

Accuracy and feasibility of a novel fine hand motor skill assessment using computer vision object tracking

We developed a computer vision-based three-dimension (3D) motion capture system employing two action cameras to examine fine hand motor skill by tracking an object manipulated by a hand. This study aimed to examine the accuracy and feasibility of this approach for detecting changes in a fine hand motor skill. We conducted three distinct experiments to assess the system's accuracy and feasibility. We employed two high-resolution, high-frame-rate action cameras. We evaluated the accuracy of our system in calculating the 3D locations of moving object in various directions. We also examined the system's feasibility in identifying improvement in fine hand motor skill after practice in eleven non-disabled young adults. We utilized color-based object detection and tracking to estimate the object's 3D location, and then we computed the object's kinematics, representing the endpoint goal-directed arm reaching movement. Compared to ground truth measurements, the findings demonstrated that our system can adequately estimate the 3D locations of a moving object. We also showed that the system can be used to measure the endpoint kinematics of goal-directed arm reaching movements to detect changes in fine hand motor skill after practice. Future research is needed to confirm the system's reliability and validity in assessing fine hand motor skills in patient populations.

The Relationship Between the Fine Motor Skills and Occupational Self-assessment of Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy

Background: Upper limb function can be correlated with the self-assessment of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the correlation between fine motor skills and occupational self-assessment in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Methods: Fifty patients aged 8 - 13 with hemiplegic cerebral palsy, who had 1 of 3 levels (I to III) of hand skills based on the manual ability classification system (MACS), were selected. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) Questionnaire for the motor skills and Child Occupational Self-assessment (COSA) Questionnaire were given to participants. The Spearman correlation coefficient at a significance level of 0.05 was used to determine the relationship between the variables. Results: The mean and SD of occupational self-assessment and its subscales (i.e., occupational value and competence) at different levels of hand dysfunction (I - III) were 115.68 ± 14.04, 54.70 ± 8.83, and 60.98 ± 5.69, respectively. The mean and SD of fine motor skills and its subscales (i.e., visual-motor control, response speed, and upper-limb speed) and dexterity at different levels of hand dysfunction were 70.44 ± 14.76, 4.04 ± 2.44, 33.70 ± 6.19, and 32.70 ± 7.07, respectively. The spearman correlation showed a significant relationship between fine motor skills of hand and its subscales with occupational self-assessment and its subscales (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings showed that to improve occupational self-assessment of cerebral palsy children, special attention should be paid to progress the function of the upper extremity through occupational therapy interventions. It can lead to improved quality of life, strong sense of self-efficacy, and greater independence.

Варианты коррекции интраоперационных гемодинамических реакций и их влияние на развитие послеоперационных когнитивных дисфункций у пациентов пожилого возраста с сопутствующей артериальной гипертензией

Работа посвящена изучению влияния различных схем интраоперационной коррекции артериального давления у пациентов пожилого возраста, оперируемых по поводу аортокоронарного шунтирования, на частоту возникновения послеоперационных когнитивных дисфункций. Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 43 пациента с ишемической болезнью сердца, которым на базе ГУ «Институт сердца» МЗ Украины была выполнена операция аортокоронарного шунтирования. Средний возраст обследованных составлял 67,5 ± 2,3 года, средний вес — 87,4 ± 5,2 кг. Лиц мужского пола было 35 человек (81,4 %), женского — 8 человек (18,6 %). По способу коррекции интраоперационного повышения артериального давления (свыше 30 % от рабочего) все обследованные пациенты были разделены на две группы. В первую группу (n = 23) вошли пациенты, которым коррекцию проводили путем углубления анестезии. Во второй группе (n = 20) артериальное давление корректировали с помощью инфузии урапидила (Эбрантила). Результаты и обсуждение. Результаты теста на объем кратковременной слухоречевой памяти продемонстрировали, что на 7-е сутки после проведенной операции пациенты І группы набирали в среднем 13,6 ± 1,07 % в сравнении с аналогичными показателями у пациентов ІІ группы. Результаты теста на тонкую моторику рук также показали, что пациенты ІІ группы набрали 4,75 ± 0,12 %, что в среднем было больше на 33,9 ± 2,5 % относительно аналогичных значений у пациентов I группы. Таким образом, интраоперационное повышение артериального давления зачастую имеет многофакторные причины, и перед введением дополнительной дозы гипнотиков следует оценить глубину анестезии. А для коррекции повышенного артериального давления во время проведения общей анестезии следует использовать препараты с управляемым и прогнозируемым антигипертензивным действием.

TO THE PROBLEM OF DEVELOPMENT OF FINE MOTOR SKILLS OF HANDS IN PRESCHOOLERS WITH SPEECH DISORDERS

The purpose of the article is to analyze and substantiate the features of the development of fine motor skills of hands in children of senior preschool age with speech disorders. The study of the influence of the development of fine motor skills on speech impairment plays an essential role for correctional pedagogy. Disturbances in the development of the motor sphere of the child are successfully overcome and corrected, provided that early pedagogical assistance is provided to children. A favorable period for an active corrective and developmental impact on the violation of speech activity is the senior preschool age. Fine motor skills are one of the sides of the motor sphere, directly related to the mastery of objective actions, the development of productive activities, writing, speech of the child. Scientists believe that speech, like the entire cognitive sphere of a person, today has its highest forms of development due to labor, complex hand operations, starting with the development of fine and general motor skills. The formation and development of fine motor skills of the hands is closely related to the development of the left temporal and left frontal areas of the brain, which in turn are responsible for the formation of many mental functions. The results of the study show that the level of speech development in preschool children is always directly dependent on the degree of development of fine finger movements. Fine motor skills are the basis of development, are the foundation for the development of all mental processes (attention, memory, perception, thinking, speech). Children with speech disorders are characterized by a lag in the development of all types of motor skills – general, mimic, fine and articulatory, violations in the development of basic movements and their physical qualities, insufficient static and dynamic coordination of general and small movements, a decrease in speed and dexterity when performing exercises. Their constructive praxis is disturbed, which is mainly associated with underdevelopment of fine motor skills of the fingers.

Использование нестандартных задач со спичками в обучении младших школьников

The article deals with the actual problem of the intellectual development of primary schoolchildren by including in the work of non-standard tasks of a search nature, the use of sign-symbolic means of presenting information, which allow you to create models of the objects and processes under study. Among the non-standard are the problems with matches described by the authors in the form of visual calculating material, the search for a solution to which makes it possible to intensify the mental activity of students of this age category, to develop their fine motor skills of hands and mathematical observation. The article describes a methodology for the step-by-step familiarization of junior schoolchildren with simple and more complex transformations and manipulations with matches as geometric objects, the consistent formation of an independent creative approach in children to the choice of schemes for solving non-standard educational and practical problems.

Использование нестандартных задач со спичками в обучении младших школьников математике

The article deals with the actual problem of the intellectual development of primary schoolchildren by including in the work of non-standard tasks of a search nature, the use of sign-symbolic means of presenting information, which allow you to create models of the objects and processes under study. Among the non-standard are the problems with matches described by the authors in the form of visual calculating material, the search for a solution to which makes it possible to intensify the mental activity of students of this age category, to develop their fine motor skills of hands and mathematical observation. The article describes a methodology for the step-by-step familiarization of junior schoolchildren with simple and more complex transformations and manipulations with matches as geometric objects, the consistent formation of an independent creative approach in children to the choice of schemes for solving non-standard educational and practical problems.

The influence of motor imagery on the learning of a fine hand motor skill.

Motor imagery has been argued to affect the acquisition of motor skills. The present study examined the specificity of motor imagery on the learning of a fine hand motor skill by employing a modified discrete sequence production task: the Go/NoGo DSP task. After an informative cue, a response sequence had either to be executed, imagined, or withheld. To establish learning effects, the experiment was divided into a practice phase and a test phase. In the latter phase, we compared mean response times and accuracy during the execution of unfamiliar sequences, familiar imagined sequences, and familiar executed sequences. The electroencephalogram was measured in the practice phase to compare activity between motor imagery, motor execution, and a control condition in which responses should be withheld. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related lateralizations (ERLs) showed strong similarities above cortical motor areas on trials requiring motor imagery and motor execution, while a major difference was found with trials on which the response sequence should be withheld. Behavioral results from the test phase showed that response times and accuracy improved after physical and mental practice relative to unfamiliar sequences (so-called sequence-specific learning effects), although the effect of motor learning by motor imagery was smaller than the effect of physical practice. These findings confirm that motor imagery also resembles motor execution in the case of a fine hand motor skill.

Особенности умственного и психомоторного развития детей раннего возраста, рожденных с помощью абдоминального способа родоразрешения

The paper studies the characteristics of children born with the help of abdominal mode of delivery (caesarean section). We provide data on the specificity of learning, motivation, thinking, attention, language, kinesthetic organization of movement, fine motor skills of hands of children born with the help of abdominal mode of delivery. The study involved 40 children aged from two years eight months to three years. We used techniques of determining the level of mental development of the child by E.A. Strebeleva, neuropsychological tests (J.M. Glozman, A.Y. Potanin, A.E. Sobolev) and other techniques. We analyzed the features of mental development, level of development of speech and the nature of the game in infants. It was found that children born via caesarean section have reduced level of adaptation to the social environment and need additional psychological support. We provide psychological portraits of infants born with different ways of delivery.

Remote cerebellar haemorrhage after lumbar spine surgery: case report

Remote cerebellar haemorrhage (RCH) is a well-described complication of supratentorial surgical procedures with an incidence ranging between 0.2 and 4.9 %, but is a rare complication of spinal surgery. We report a case of RCH in a 65-year-old woman who showed sudden mental deterioration 48 h after lumbar spinal surgery, which was complicated by incidental dural tearing with minimal CSF loss. Brain CT scan revealed hypodense areas compatible with acute infarction involving mostly the left cerebellar hemisphere. No cerebral bleeding was observed. MRI was also performed revealing small cerebellar areas of acute infarction mainly relating the vermis and the left postero-inferior cerebellar hemisphere with haemorrhagic transformation and mass effect in the posterior fossa producing acute hydrocephalus. Haematoma removal was initially attempted by means of a suboccipital craniotomy. An external ventricular derivation was placed in a second procedure 24 h later due to the persistence of ventricular dilatation. At discharge the patient was only showing a slight dysmetria with the fine motor skills of hands and fingers. All cases of RCH after spinal surgery reported in the literature are invariably associated to iatrogenic dural tearing; although CSF loss seems to play the key role in the pathogenesis of this rare complication, the exact pathophysiology of this condition still remains undetermined.

Volumetric effects of motor cortex injury on recovery of dexterous movements

Due to the heterogeneous nature of most brain injuries, the contributions of gray and white matter involvement to motor deficits and recovery potential remain obscure. We tested the hypothesis that duration of hand motor impairment and recovery of skilled arm and hand motor function depends on the volume of gray and white matter damage of the frontal lobe. Lesions of the primary motor cortex (M1), M1 + lateral premotor cortex (LPMC), M1 + LPMC + supplementary motor cortex (M2) or multifocal lesions affecting motor areas and medial prefrontal cortex were evaluated in rhesus monkeys. Fine hand motor function was quantitatively assessed pre-lesion and for 3–12 months post-lesion using two motor tests. White and gray matter lesion volumes were determined using histological and quantitative methods. Regression analyses showed that duration of fine hand motor impairment was strongly correlated ( R 2 > 0.8) with the volume of gray and white matter lesions, with white matter lesion volume being the primary predictor of impairment duration. Level of recovery of fine hand motor skill was also well correlated ( R 2 > 0.5) with gray and white matter lesion volume. In some monkeys post-lesion skill exceeded pre-lesion skill in one or both motor tasks demonstrating that continued post-injury task practice can improve motor performance after localized loss of frontal motor cortex. These findings will assist in interpreting acute motor deficits, predicting the time course and expected level of functional recovery, and designing therapeutic strategies in patients with localized frontal lobe injury or neurosurgical resection.