Fine Aggregate In Concrete Production Research Articles

Review Paper on Properties of Concrete using Grind Fish Scale in Different forms Replacing Fine Aggregate and Cement

This study intends the use waste Fish scale powder as an alternative material for cement and fish scales as an alternative material for fine aggregates in concrete production. Different partial replacements of fish scale powder and fish scales (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) and (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) by volume of cement and fine aggregate are cast and test such as compressive strength is to be performed on concrete. Experimental research illustrates the enhancement of mechanical features in concrete due to the replacement of fish scale powder and fish scale concrete. A compression test will be carried out to evaluate the strength properties of concrete at the age of the 3rd, 7th, and 28th day

Evaluation of Compressive Strength of Concrete with Various Proportions of Stone Dust as Fine Aggregate

Concrete is the most dynamic engineering material in construction due to its durability and strength properties, which have been used in almost all types of physical infrastructure construction. Crushed stone dust is a supplementary material that can be utilized to produce sustainable concrete. The concept of replacing natural fine aggregate in concrete production with stone dust (SD) could enhance the consumption of stone dust produced during aggregate production as well as reduce the requirement for landfill area for stone dust management. The study aims to compare the compressive strength of nominal mixed M20 and M25-grade concrete by replacing fine aggregates with stone dust. The results reveal that compressive strength increases with an increase in stone dust, but the rise in SD percentages beyond a certain level has a negative impact on the strength of concrete. However, fresh density has a similar trend of compressive strength, and the workability of concrete shows a declining trend with a rise in SD levels. From the results of the experimental investigations conducted, it is concluded that the SD can be used as a replacement for fine aggregate. It is found that 40% replacement of fine aggregate by SD gives a maximum compressive strength than normal M20 and M25 grade concrete, which starts decreasing beyond 40% replacement. The compressive strength of the concrete has been quantified by replacing sand with varying percentages of stone dust and found that it does not satisfy the specification except for 40% replacement for M20 grade concrete, though it can be used for low and medium strength concrete production. The cost savings for M20 and M25-grade concrete at 40% sand replacement are 8.23% and 7.62%, respectively.

WITHDRAWN: Utilization of waste coffee ground ash as fine aggregates in concrete: Enhancing shear strength through activated carbon reinforcement

This study addresses burgeoning environmental concerns amid rising global coffee consumption amid rising global coffee consumption by exploring the viability of utilizing waste coffee ground ash (SCG) as a sustainable fine aggregate in concrete production. Significant improvements are noted by investigating the impact of SCG on the shear strength of standard concrete and enhancing properties through activated carbon reinforcement derived from SCG via physical activation. Experimental results reveal that incorporating up to 1.5% activated carbon by weight markedly boosts early shear strength. Moreover, composites with a small inclusion of activated carbon demonstrate superior shear power during curing compared to conventional mixes. The study employs Teaching-Learning Optimization (TLBO) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) techniques to forecast shear strength accurately. ELM emerges superior, showcasing heightened accuracy, lower RMSE, and superior r and R2 values compared to TLBO. Conclusively, leveraging waste coffee ground ash as a fine aggregate in concrete not only presents an effective method for enhancing shear strength but also underscores a promising pathway toward sustainable waste management and reduced environmental impact, reflecting a pivotal stride in harmonizing concrete performance enhancement with eco-friendly practices.

An Experimental Investigation of Glass Cullet as a Material to Partially Replace Fine Aggregate in Concrete

The concrete industry is a major user of natural resources, which puts its sustainability in jeopardy. Considering this, this work explores how to partially replace fine aggregates in concrete production with waste glass cullets, thus addressing economic problems. With an emphasis on the M-20 mix, several weight percentages of leftover glass cullet—0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%—were used in place of fine aggregates. To assess the effectiveness of the replacement, these outcomes were then compared to those of traditional concrete. The results of this investigation validate the feasibility ofadding leftover glass cullet to replace some of the fine aggregates, up to 30% of the total weight, in the 0-1.18 mm particle size range. This not only highlights the possibility for resource optimization and waste minimization in construction procedures, but it also provides a workable answer to the sustainability issues facing the concrete sector. Stakeholders can transition to a more economically and environmentally viable paradigm in the manufacture of concrete by adopting such creative ideas. Furthermore, this study adds to the expanding corpus of studies supporting environmentally friendly building methods. It opens the door for more widespread adoption of environmentally friendly practices and promotes a more robust and environmentally friendly built environment by showcasing the viability and advantages of using waste materials in the concrete production process.

Utilization of Plant Waste Materials as a Partial Replacement of Cement and Fine Aggregates in Concrete Production

The research focused on possibility of producing high quality concrete by the way of adding plant waste materials like sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), rice husk (RH) and cassava starch (CS) to concrete mixtures. Varying percentages of SBA (0, 5, 10, 15% - weight of the cement), rice husk (0, 5, 10, 15% - weight of the fine aggregates) and cassava starch (0, 1, 2, 3% - weight of the cement) were incorporated into the concrete mixtures design. Comprehensive laboratory investigations were done on the concrete’s workability (slump), density and mechanical strength, to establish the impact of these organic materials on the mechanical parameters of the concrete produced. The laboratory test results show that SBA and CS augmented the concrete slump rate whereas, the rice husk retarded the concrete’s workability. The result of the density indicated that the rice husk and SBA reduced the concrete’s density; however, the cassava starch caused substantial increment in the concrete’s density. On the concrete mechanical properties, it was noted from the results that the compressive strength was boosted by the incorporation of SBA and CS. The maximum compressive strength (23.7 N mm-2) was recorded through by substituting the cement with 10 and 2% of SBA and cassava starch respectively, in the presence of 10% RH as partial replacement of the sand. This study findings had revealed the potential of SBA, rice husk and cassava starch combinations in the right mixture design, to produce light-weight concrete material having sustainable high compressive strength.

Influence on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Crushed Hazelnut Shell

Concrete production requires a significant amount of natural resources, with aggregates comprising between 55% and 80% of the total volume. However, the over-exploitation of natural aggregates has led to the exploration of alternative materials for use in concrete production. In this study, crushed hazelnut shells were investigated as a partial replacement for fine aggregate, addressing the problem of natural resource depletion and offering a second use for this important agricultural waste product available in Chile. Hazelnut shells were incorporated in percentages of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% by weight of sand for water/cement ratios of 0.4 and 0.5. The compressive strength at 7 and 28 days and bending strength at 28 days were determined, alongside physical properties such as the workability, temperature, air content, fresh density, and hardened density of the concrete. Our findings showed that replacing 2.5% of the fine aggregate with hazelnut shells led to a higher compressive strength at 28 days, exceeding the strength of the standard specimens by 9.5%, whereas replacing 5% of the fine aggregate led to the highest bending strength, exceeding the strength of the standard specimens by 3.5%. Moreover, the 0.4 w/c ratio consistently led to better results for both compressive and bending strength, with fewer and lower reductions in mechanical strength compared to the standard mixture. Our results suggest that concrete mixes with hazelnut shells as a replacement for fine aggregate at a percentage of up to 2.5% can be used in construction systems with a compression strength lower than 17 MPa, and mixtures with up to 10% hazelnut shell replacement can be used in structures with tensile bending stress requirements lower than 6 MPa. Overall, the use of hazelnut shells as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete production presents an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution for the construction industry.

Study on the physical, mechanical and mineralogical properties of dredged marine sand as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete

Dredged Marine sand are the excess sediment deposits removed periodically from the beds of artificially constructed ports and harbors to maintain the design depth and to facilitate waterway. Due to this phenomenon, large quantum of dredged marine sand pile near the estuary by routine dredging activities which has initiated several environmental and public issues. To alleviate the issues, in the recent, several studies have been conducted for the effective utilization of dredged marine sand as construction material. Moreover, the dredged marine sand sediments have considerable economic and environmental advantages when employed as a substitute material for natural fine aggregates in concrete production. This study emphasis on the physical, mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of concrete replaced with dredged marine sand as fine aggregate. For the study, the dredged marine sand samples were collected from the dredging site of the Ariyankuppam estuary close to the artificially created fishing harbor of the Puducherry coast. The collected samples were used in concrete after screening with preliminary treatment to remove shells, organic substances, and other contaminants. The investigation conducted on the mineralogical properties of dredged marine sand showed that silicon oxides (quartz), calcite (CaCo3), calcium sulfate (CaSo4), sodium sulfate (Na2So4), and other minerals were present. The presence of calcite, calcium improves the durability and strength of the concrete while, silicon oxides acts as a filler material. The dredged marine sand's physical characteristics indicated that the samples are finer and matches with the properties of conventional materials. The chemical characteristics evidenced the presence of heavy metals like iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), which are found in chemical properties, serve to accelerate the reaction in concrete and improve its qualities. For a comparative study, both treated and untreated dredged marine sand partially and completely replaced with M−sand were used in concrete for the investigation. From the analysis of the test results pertaining to the mechanical properties of dredged marine sand concrete which performed better than conventional concrete, a cost-effective way to improve the characteristics of concrete both at its fresh and hardened state.

Influence of Synthetic Limestone Sand on the Frost Resistance of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement Mortar.

Synthetic limestone sand has advantages, such as stable quality and adjustable particle size distribution, and has gradually substituted high-quality natural sand as a fine aggregate in concrete production. The project team has prepared Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC) mortar by replacing part of the river sand with machine-made limestone sand in equal amounts, which proves that its physical and mechanical properties are obviously better than mortar prepared by whole river sand. However, the research on the impact of machine-made limestone sand on the durability of MKPC mortar has not been carried out. As the repairing material of concrete structures, the frost resistance of MKPC mortar must be evaluated. In this study, the effect of synthetic limestone sand on the frost resistance of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC) mortar was investigated by characterizing the strength, mass loss rate, and water absorption of specimens subjected to freeze–thaw cycling. MKPC mortars prepared using solely river sand (M0) or limestone sand (M1) were completely degraded after 225 freezing–thawing cycles in water, whereas the flexural and compressive strengths of MKPC mortar (M2) prepared using both river and synthetic limestone sands was 29.3 and 22.0% of the initial strengths, respectively. The water freeze–thaw resistance of M2 specimens were significantly higher than that of M0 and M1 specimens, and the sulfate freeze–thaw resistance of M1 and M2 were significantly higher than that of M0. The mass loss of MKPC mortar is not more than 0.4% when it is frozen and thawed 225 times in water and 5% Na2SO4 solution, which is far lower than the damage standard of 5%. Based on the favorable composition of the two aggregates, the initial open porosity of M2 was relatively low, owing to the lower water–cement ratio of the mortar at the same flow rate.

Iron Ore Tailings as Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate in Concrete Production – Review

Normal River sand is one of the major components of concrete, generally termed fine aggregate. A large volume of sand is needed annually for construction work globally. Mining or extraction of sand from the river bed, ocean beds, beaches, and inland dunes is accompanied by several problems such as; lowering of the water table, sinking of bridge piers and erosion of river bed and instability of river bed on the environment, etc. To decrease these environmental impacts and the cost of conventional fine aggregates, alternative materials like mining waste have been studied by several researchers to replace partially fine aggregates in concrete production. Iron ore tailings (IOT) are one of the mining wastes obtained from the beneficiation process of iron ore concentrates. This paper presents an overview of the work carried out on the use of IOT as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete and its effects on the workability, mechanical, and durability properties of concrete.

Chemically treated plastic replacing fine aggregate in structural concrete

Plastic wastes (PW) create chronic environmental problems mainly because it is not biodegradable. The utilization of PW as a fractional substitution of fine aggregate in concrete production is a sustainable application. However, the smooth surface of plastic weakens the cement-plastic bond and consequently lessens the mechanical properties of concrete. This research improves the cement-plastic bond by increasing the hydrophilicity and coarseness of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) through chemical treatment with 5wt% polystyrene (P.S.) and 5wt% PKHH-phenoxy resin. Twenty eight mixtures with different w/c ratio; 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, and 0.6 and different percentage of sand substitution; 5%, 20%, and 50% are cast. Tests are conducted to determine the behavior of fresh and hardened concrete in terms of workability, water absorption, density, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, and durability. Results show that the proposed chemical treatment rises the cement-plastic bond. The compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength were improved by 45%, 35%, and 6% respectively compared to corresponding untreated plastic recycled concrete. The highest mechanical properties are achieved for mixes with 5% plastic. Nevertheless, a 20% replacement of sand with treated plastic can be used effectively to produce structural concrete.

Experimental Study on the Influence of Mogadishu Manufactured Sand on the Engineering Properties of Concrete

Due to the increasing demand for sand for construction activities across the world including Mogadishu Somalia, natural sand resources are growingly used up and its price is becoming increasingly high. This study aimed to research the influence of Mogadishu-manufactured sand on the engineering properties of concrete. Manufactured sand refers to fine aggregate which is less than 4.75mm. In this research, Mogadishu Manufactured sand was refined from the crushed limestone rock as a replacement for river sand. The overall objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of Mogadishu manufactured sand on the engineering properties of concrete; the specific objectives were to examine the properties of plastic and hardened concrete; to investigate the durability of concrete with Mogadishu manufactured sand. The study used manufactured sand in incomplete or complete replacement for natural sand. The basic aggregate tests considered were sieve analysis for fine and coarse aggregate, specific gravity, and water absorption was also done. Design mix of class 30 concrete having mix amount for both natural and manufactured sand was considered for the workability test (slump test and compaction factor test). The splitting tensile strength test and compressive strength test for 28 and 56 days was done. The study, in addition, considered durability testing by exposing the concrete to sodium chloride, magnesium sulphate, and sulphuric acid. Then final assessment was done to determine how these chemicals affected the concrete after 28 and 56 days of immersion. It was found that the slump and compaction factor values of the concrete mix with Mogadishu manufactured sand decreased compared to that of conventional concrete. Concrete with Mogadishu manufactured sand significantly improves the strength properties of the concrete up to 25% replacement and reduces as replacement increases. This was attributed to the presence of micro fines in the Mogadishu manufactured sand generated from limestone rock. When exposed to sulphuric acid, magnesium sulphate, and sodium chloride, the durability of concrete with manufactured sand were improved as compared to that of normal concrete with river sand. Hence from the experimental investigations, it is concluded that Mogadishu manufactured sand can be partially utilized as fine aggregate in concrete production of construction activities.

Suitability of Crushed Glass Wastes as Fine Aggregates in Concrete Production

Suitability of Crushed Glass Wastes as Fine Aggregates in Concrete Production

An Experimental Investigation on Properties of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Dolomite Powder by using Abaca Fibre

With the increased demand for cement around the world, there is a strong need to find alternatives to cement in concrete. The introduction of a new alternative reduces CO2, a key greenhouse gas. Scientists are conducting research all over the world in order to uncover various material possibilities. River sand is extracted from riverbeds and utilized to build homes and enormous infrastructure to suit population expansion needs. Globalization and modern technology, which are required to fulfill the needs of the global economy both domestically and globally, have become a major concern in the preservation of river sand, which is utilized as a fine aggregate in concrete production. A small trial is carried out in this study to adjust the characteristics of concrete by partially replacing cement with dolomite powder. In this study a small trial is done to modify the properties of concrete by partial replacement of cement with dolomite powder with different percentages 0%,6%,12%,18% and fine aggregate with abaca fiber is varied different percentages of 0%,0.25%,0.5%,1% Different tests are done to determine Compressive and split tensile strength of concrete. All the specimens are used for 28,56 &90 days and tested for compressive and split tensile strength.

Influence of molybdenum tailings by-products as fine aggregates on mechanical properties and microstructure of concrete

The disposal of industrial by-product tailings has become a key part of the mining follow-up and an important issue in solving environmental pollution. This study investigated the possibility of using molybdenum tailings (MTs) as fine aggregates in concrete production. Based on the concept of full-scale recycling, the replacement ratio of MTs was set to 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Firstly, the mechanical properties (compressive and splitting tensile strengths) of concrete with different MTs replacement ratios were investigated at different curing ages (14, 28, 56, and 90 days). Then the pore structure characteristics were explored based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) non-destructive testing techniques. Subsequently, the spatial model of the pore structure was obtained and the porosity information was extracted from the 3D reconstruction by industrial computed tomography (CT). The relationship between porosity, pore size distribution, and compressive strength (fcu) was established. Finally, the cost and environmental impacts (EI) of concrete with different MTs replacement rates were evaluated. The experimental results show that the mixed fine aggregate of MTs and natural sand is very suitable for concrete preparation at the appropriate replacement ratio of MTs. Although the fcu and splitting tensile strengths (fsts) of concrete decreased with the increase of the proportion of MTs. The mechanical properties of concrete with 60% MTs decreased by less than 10% compared with no MTs added. The porosity of MTs concrete is negatively correlated with the fcu. The pore size distribution also has a significant effect on the fcu. Pores with pore size >1000 μm had a negative and significant effect on the fcu. The cost and EI assessment further demonstrated that using 60% MTs to replace natural fine aggregates in concrete applications is the best reuse option to develop energy efficient and environmentally friendly concrete.

Effect of recycled waste glass on the properties of high-performance concrete: A critical review

Solid waste disposal is one of the major environmental concerns. Disposal of waste glass into open areas and landfills is one of the major threats that pollutes the environment in addition to the cases of health hazards around the world. Recycling the discarded glass as a sustainable construction material have received an increasing attention in the construction industry as it may mitigate the greenhouse emissions and potential environmental risks. This paper presents a brief review on the fresh, mechanical and durability properties of normal and high-performance concrete containing waste glass aggregates (WGA). The size, type, replacement ratio of the WGA, in addition to the mixing and curing methods of concrete significantly affects the mechanical and durability characteristics. The concrete containing powdered glass exhibited superior durability properties on account of the refined pore structure and densified microstructure. The findings exhibited that waste glass can be potentially utilised as coarse and fine aggregates in concrete production, along with the advanced recommendations for further studies.

Development of Statistical Models to Predict the Compressive Strength of Concrete Produced Using Quarry Dust as Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate

Concrete is an assemblage of Cement, aggregates and water. The most frequently used fine aggregate for concrete production is sand sourced from river banks. The continuous use of this river sand as a result of rapid infrastructural development has resulted in its scarcity and often high cost. This paper examines the suitability of using quarry dust (QD) as partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete production. Preliminary test (specific gravity) was conducted on the aggregates to determine their suitability for concrete production. Concrete with 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% QD – Fine aggregate content was cast with a mix ratio of 1:2:4. The freshly prepared Quarry Dust Concrete (QDC) was cast in moulds measuring 150 x 150 x 150mm and cured using ponding method. The Compressive strength result shows that replacement of fine aggregate with QD leads to a general increase in compressive strength of concrete. Statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was utilised to develop the linear regression models for the 7 and 28 days compressive strength of the QDC. The developed models were found to be sufficient in predicting the 7 and 28 days compressive strengths with R2 values of 98.9% and 95.2 % respectively.

Effect of concrete wet packing density on the uni‐axial strength of manufactured sand CFST columns

AbstractRiver sand (RS) has been the most popular fine aggregate in concrete production. Recently, because of the continuing decline in supply of RS, alternative source of fine aggregates is needed. Manufactured sand (MS), which is produced by mechanical crushing of virgin rock or construction waste, is becoming more popular for replacing RS. Concrete containing MS has higher compressive strength but is more brittle. To promote the application of MS in concrete, concrete‐filled‐steel‐tube (CFST) column is advocated to restore the ductility by composite action. It is believed that the improved strength and ductility of CFST column containing MS is due to the enhanced wet packing density (WPD) of concrete, which has been researched to affect significantly the mechanical performance of concrete. Nonetheless, there was very limited research carried out on the effect of WPD on the behavior of confined concrete and CFST column. Ergo, 15 CFST column specimens with MS replacing RS partially or totally were prepared and tested under uni‐axial compression. It is evident that CFST specimens with concrete containing blended fine aggregates showed different axial load‐strain behavior to those with RS concrete (especially the maximum strength and postelastic slope). More importantly, the normalized strength (maximum strength to squash load) of CFST specimens can be correlated positively to the WPD. This article thus provides a new insight into the interdependence between the uni‐axial strength of CFST columns and the WPD of the in‐filled concrete.

Effect of pond ash on properties of C-25 concrete

Nowadays, infrastructure construction is becoming a serious problem globally due to high material consumption. So, there are high demands in the construction industry using the river sand as fine aggregate in concrete production. Pond ash is an industrial waste product from the thermal power plant; such material can be used as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in C-25 grade of concrete. In this research work, each mix's workability was measured before the concrete cast, and the slum was 25 to 50 mm. Concrete cubes of size (150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm) were prepared with seven different samples containing 0% (control) to 30% pond ash with increment of 5%. From the result obtained, the workability and density of concrete containing pond ash decreased with increase percentage content of pond ash in the mix. The compressive strength of pond ash concrete containing 5% and 10% have shown increment compared to the control concrete by about 0.13%,3.74%,2.46% and 0.04%, 1.14%,0.70% at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing respectively. Finally, in this study, the percentage replacement of fine aggregate concrete up to 10% by pond ash better resulted in compressive strength of concrete is found 34.75 N/mm2 at 28 days. Therefore, the optimum replaced fine aggregate by pond ash is 10%.

Utilization of Oyster Shells as a Substitute Part of Cement and Fine Aggregate in the Compressive Strength of Concrete

The compressive strength of concrete depends on the physical characteristics of the concrete forming materials. Oyster shells originating from Krueng Neng, Aceh Besar are very abundant, left unattended by fishermen, causing pollution of the surrounding environment. Oyster shell dust contains CaO, which can be used as a partial substitution of cement. Therefore, it is necessary to study oyster shell ash as cement replacement and fine aggregate in concrete production. This research aims to determine the compressive strength of concrete using shell ash as cement replacement and fine aggregate. The oyster shells were obtained from Krueng Neng, Lamjamee Village, Jaya Baru, Aceh Besar District. The oyster shells were crushed with a Los Angeles Test machine and sieved with sieve size 2.36 mm for fine aggregate and sieve #200 for cement replacement. The water-cement ratios (w/c) were 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6. The results showed that concrete's compressive strength with 5% cement replacement level was higher than the concrete with cement only. Meanwhile, for other replacement levels, the compressive strengths of concrete specimens were lower than control specimens.

Suitability of Scoria as Fine Aggregate and Its Effect on the Properties of Concrete

The increase in the demand for concrete production for the development of infrastructures in developing countries like Ethiopia leads to the depletion of virgin aggregates and high cement demand, which imposes negative environmental impacts. In sustainable development, there is a need for construction materials to focus on the economy, efficient energy utilization, and environmental protections. One of the strategies in green concrete production is the use of locally available construction materials. Scoria is widely available around the central towns of Ethiopia, especially around the rift valley regions where huge construction activities are taking place. The aim of this paper is therefore to analyze the suitability of scoria as a fine aggregate for concrete production and its effect on the properties of concrete. A differing ratio of scoria was considered as a partial replacement of fine aggregate with river sand after analyzing its engineering properties, and its effect on the mechanical properties of concrete were examined. The test results on the engineering properties of scoria revealed that the material is suitable to be used as a fine aggregate in concrete production. The replacement of scoria with river sand also enhanced the mechanical strength of the concrete. Generally, the findings of the experimental study showed that scoria could replace river sand by up to 50% for conventional concrete production.