Findings Of Study Research Articles

Validating the Accuracy of a Patient-Facing Clinical Decision Support System in Predicting Lumbar Disc Herniation: Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Low back pain (LBP) is a major cause of disability globally, and the diagnosis of LBP is challenging for clinicians. Using new software called Therapha, this study aimed to assess the accuracy level of artificial intelligence as a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) compared to MRI in predicting lumbar disc herniated patients. One hundred low back pain patients aged ≥18 years old were included in the study. The study was conducted in three stages. Firstly, a case series was conducted by matching MRI and Therapha diagnosis for 10 patients. Subsequently, Delphi methodology was employed to establish a clinical consensus. Finally, to determine the accuracy of the newly developed software, a cross-sectional study was undertaken involving 100 patients. The software showed a significant diagnostic accuracy with the area under the curve in the ROC analysis determined as 0.84 with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 80%. The study's findings revealed that CDSS using Therapha has a reasonable level of efficacy, and this can be utilized clinically to acquire a faster and more accurate screening of patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Entropy optimization in ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a convectively heated bidirectional stretching sheet with Lorentz forces and viscous dissipation: A Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model

Bidirectional stretching sheet models can represent surfaces in heat exchangers where fluids flow under continuous deformation. Ternary hybrid nanofluids could be employed in these systems to increase heat transfer rates between fluids in heat exchangers and improve the efficiency of energy conversion processes. In this work, we explore the novel application of a ternary hybrid nanofluid (water with titanium dioxide, cobalt ferrite, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles) for enhanced heat transfer in heat exchangers modeled by a bidirectional stretching sheet. This approach offers a potential advancement over traditional nanofluids (with one or two nanoparticles). Furthermore, we present a comprehensive analysis that incorporates ohmic heating, Cattaneo–Christov heat flux, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and irreversibility. The governing equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations and then solved using the bvp4c solver, a MATLAB built-in function. This study's findings reveal that the Eckert number and radiation parameter increase fluid temperature, while the thermal relaxation parameter leads to a reduction in the temperature of the fluid. It is detected that an increase in magnetic field parameter and volume fraction of [Formula: see text] results in a decline of the skin friction factors in both directions. It is revealed that there is a reduction in the Nusselt number with the rise in Eckert number ([Formula: see text]), and the same number declines at a rate of 0.8252 when [Formula: see text]. It is noticed that the skin friction coefficient declines at a rate of 0.62179204 (in case of x-direction) and 0.621791816 (in case of y-direction), respectively, when the values of magnetic field parameter lie between 0 and 3.5. Furthermore, it is noticed that an upsurge in thermal relaxation parameter results in a fall in the temperature of the fluid.

Antihyperuricemia Potential of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Ethanolic Stem Extract of Arcangelisia flava

Arcangelisia flava, with its secondary metabolites in flavonoids, has shown promising potential as an alternative treatment for hyperuricemia. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the ethyl acetate fraction from the ethanolic stem extract of Arcangelisia flava in inhibiting xanthine oxidase. This research, conducted at the Medical Basic Chemistry Laboratory Universitas Sriwijaya in September–December 2022, used in vitro study methods. The stem of Arcangelisia flava was extracted by maceration using ethanol. The ethanolic stem extract of Arcangelisia flava was then fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate fraction and ethanolic extract of Arcangelisia flava were measured to inhibit the xanthine oxidase using UV-vis spectrophotometry with allopurinol as a comparison. The IC50 was calculated by linear regression. The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction have flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and quinones. The IC50 value of the ethanol extract was 30.04 ppm, the ethyl acetate fraction was 23.99 ppm, and the allopurinol was 17.16 ppm. The ethyl acetate fraction inhibited xanthine oxidase better than the ethanol extract. The study's significant finding is that the ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanolic stem extract of Arcangelisia flava strongly inhibits xanthine oxidase, offering a potential new avenue for treating hyperuricemia.

Supporting teachers in implementing project-based learning in teaching secondary mathematics: An action research

In the context of Nepal, most mathematics teachers at the secondary level are still using conventional teacher-centred pedagogy. It is assumed that teachers' pedagogy might enhance learners' engagement in learning mathematics and build conceptual understanding. Project-based learning (PBL) is a student-centred pedagogy that can remove misconceptions about content knowledge, enhance engaged learning, and support teachers in developing pedagogical skills. The study tried to reform the pedagogical practice of teachers using conventional teacher-centred pedagogy in teaching mathematics. The action research was conducted in four secondary schools in Nepal by five secondary mathematics teachers in two cycles, each seven days. The study focused on the implementation of PBL in secondary-level schools, the impact of PBL on students' activities, and professional development. The seven-day project was prepared based on a 3-day workshop for teachers on the surface area of prism and pyramid of grade ten mathematics. The action research was conducted in four different school settings, and students' activities were observed. The study collected qualitative data through interviews (baseline and post), observation, and teacher reflection notes. Text data were analyzed thematically for meaning-making and finding. The study's significant findings were engaged learning, inclusive education, and contextualization of mathematics. Likewise, students' creativity was observed during the action research, and teachers were supported in reforming their pedagogy with new experiences through PBL. The study might support other teachers in implementing PBL for student-centred pedagogy and teachers' professional development.

Multimedia in Social Work Education: An In-Depth Exploration of Current Practices and Challenges in Bangladeshi Government Colleges

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current practices, opportunities, and challenges of using multimedia in social work teaching at a government college in Bhola, Bangladesh. Qualitative research methodology was used to get information from the respondents. The data was gathered using three different methods: semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and classroom observations. The respondents included both faculty and honors-level students from social work backgrounds. Interviews were conducted with two instructors, observations were made in two classes, and ten students took part in two focus group discussions (FGDs). Finally, using a thematic approach, data were analyzed, interpreted, and presented. The study's findings revealed that incorporating multimedia in the classroom makes teaching easier and is beneficial for the students. Students can actively engage in a multimedia classroom, which often inspires them to study. People perceive multimedia-based classes to be more structured than traditional teaching methods. Conversely, the research shows that the social work classes are deficient in the essential resources, infrastructure, and funding required for effective functioning. The study was self-funded, completed within a short timeframe, and conducted during the global outbreak of the Corona pandemic. The study's implication was that it helped the researcher explore the current scenario of using multimedia for teaching social work in the context of government college education in Bangladesh.

Examining the perception, frequency, and intensity of domestic violence inflicted by Palestinian wives against their husbands

This study examines domestic violence perpetrated by wives against husbands in Palestine, utilizing structured interviews with 53 married participants. Findings reveal prevalent female-perpetrated domestic violence, often involving mutual conflict initiation. External stressors and power dynamics significantly influence behaviors, reflecting situational pressures and control issues. Verbal abuse and emotional manipulation are widespread, indicating covert and challenging violence dynamics. Responses to violence vary, suggesting barriers to accessing support systems. Effective conflict resolution is crucial to address ongoing relationship challenges. The study underscores the multifaceted nature of domestic violence, emphasizing the need to address underlying psychological factors and promote healthier relationship dynamics. Based on the study's findings, actionable recommendations include educational outreach, customized support services, legal advocacy initiatives, community engagement projects, professional development activities, and sustained research efforts to promote positive societal change.

Cultivating Political Efficacy: Facilitation as a Catalyst for Democratic Education and Civic Competence

ABSTRACT Participation in democratic processes is a cornerstone for good governance and societal trust. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and academic literature emphasize enhancing civic engagement to foster democracy, shape policies, and build societal trust. Within this context, the concept of facilitation gains prominence as a vital mechanism that enhances participatory inclusivity and better decision-making through capacity-building. However, the current scope of facilitation is limited, mainly emphasizing its role as a skill for democratic engagement but neglecting its capacity to confront declining political efficacy. To address this oversight, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of facilitation in the context of democratic participation and political efficacy. Conducting a systematized review of 54 publications, the paper contributes significantly to the largely underexplored domain of facilitation theory. The study's findings offer a nuanced understanding of facilitation's role in democratic engagement. Far from just serving as a tool for managing interpersonal relations, the data demonstrate that facilitation is primarily employed to navigate process conflicts concerning agency, power, and responsibility. Furthermore, the data highlights a significant link between facilitation practice and increased internal and external political efficacy. These insights position facilitation as a crucial catalyst for democratic education, playing a key role in fostering a more engaged and resilient democratic society.

The Impact of Soil Pollution on Human Health : Literature Review

Soil is the earth's layer that is crucial for the life of all living creatures. Chemicals, like pesticides, can introduce pollutants that contaminate the soil and negatively impact human health. Direct exposure to pesticides can lead to acute or chronic poisoning risks. This study aims to investigate the effect of soil pollution from pesticide pollutants on human health issues. The method employed is a literature review, sourcing materials that discuss the impact of soil pollution due to pesticides. Literature sources were retrieved from Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and other journal platforms. The review included 18 national journals and 12 international journals, with 6 journals on relevant topics summarized in an analysis table. The study's findings indicate that soil pollution from chemicals, including pesticides, significantly affects human health.

Financial management audits for school quality improvement in Indonesia: A comprehensive literature review

The purpose of this study is to examine financial management audits of educational institutions to improve the quality of schools in Indonesia. This literature review involves several key steps: identifying and narrowing the research topic; searching for relevant literature sources including books, articles, journals, and other documents; reading and understanding the contents of these sources; compiling and analysing the collected data; and finally, drawing conclusions from the research. This study's findings underscore the critical importance of financial audits for educational institutions in ensuring compliance with laws and regulations, enhancing transparency and accountability, boosting the efficiency and effectiveness of financial management, preventing fraud, and securing the sustainability of these institutions. Financial audits serve a crucial role in the improvement of educational quality in Indonesia by fostering accountability and transparency in budget usage. Regular audits require institutions to meticulously account for financial transactions, mitigate the risk of fund misuse, and promote effective fund allocation. This suggests that bolstering financial audit practices in Indonesian educational institutions can significantly elevate educational standards.

Machine learning approaches to detect hepatocyte chromatin alterations from iron oxide nanoparticle exposure

This study focuses on developing machine learning models to detect subtle alterations in hepatocyte chromatin organization due to Iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticle exposure, hypothesizing that exposure will significantly alter chromatin texture. A total of 2000 hepatocyte nuclear regions of interest (ROIs) from mouse liver tissue were analyzed, and for each ROI, 5 different parameters were calculated: Long Run Emphasis, Short Run Emphasis, Run Length Nonuniformity, and 2 wavelet coefficient energies obtained after the discrete wavelet transform. These parameters served as input for supervised machine learning models, specifically random forest and gradient boosting classifiers. The models demonstrated relatively robust performance in distinguishing hepatocyte chromatin structures belonging to the group exposed to IONPs from the controls. The study's findings suggest that iron oxide nanoparticles induce substantial changes in hepatocyte chromatin distribution and underscore the potential of AI techniques in advancing hepatocyte evaluation in physiological and pathological conditions.

Marketing 5.0: Harnessing AI and Emerging Technologies to Shape the Future of Business

This integrative literature review (ILR) looks into the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the French healthcare system, emphasizing personalized medicine and predictive health analytics. The study subject is the problematic integration of AI technologies, which is hampered by significant challenges, including data privacy concerns, system interoperability, ethical and legal issues, resistance to technological change, and the need for extensive training of healthcare professionals. These issues affect French healthcare professionals and politicians, who must overcome these challenges to utilize AI's potential fully. This research aims to investigate and assess the integration of AI into the French healthcare system, particularly in personalized medicine and predictive health analytics, to identify and address the obstacles and leverage the opportunities that improve patient care and operational efficiency. The ILR's guiding conceptual framework is based on three essential concepts: artificial intelligence, personalized medicine, and predictive healthcare analytics. The research methodology consists in thoroughly examining current literature, qualitative study of case studies, and interviews with industry professionals. The study's findings show that AI has tremendous potential to increase diagnostic precision and treatment accuracy in the French healthcare system. They highlight initiatives such as establishing specialized departments like "Intelligent Healthcare Services" and creating positions like "Intelligent Doctor". The conclusions address the potential implications of the findings for enhancing patient care and operational efficiency, as well as recommendations for further study and practice. These include performing longitudinal studies, looking into emerging data integrity solutions such as blockchain, and improving healthcare professional training programs. Ultimately, breaking down current obstacles and ensuring that AI technologies improve healthcare delivery and patient outcomes would make France a leader in AI-driven medical innovation.

Cholangiocyte ciliary defects induce sustained epidermal growth factor receptor signaling.

The primary cilium, an organelle that protrudes from cell surfaces, is essential for sensing extracellular signals. With disturbed cellular communication and chronic liver pathologies, this organelle's dysfunctions have been linked to disorders, including polycystic liver disease (PLD) and Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The goal of this study was to elucidate the relationship between primary cilia and the crucial regulator of cellular proliferation, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway, which has been associated with various clinical conditions. The study identified aberrant EGFR signaling pathways in cholangiocytes lacking functional primary cilia. Using liver-specific IFT88 knockout mice, a Pkhd1 mutant rat model, and human cell lines that didn't have functional cilia. Cilia-deficient cholangiocytes showed persistent EGFR activation because of impaired receptor degradation, in contrast to their normal counterparts, where EGFR localization to the cilia promotes appropriate signaling. Using HDAC6 inhibitors to restore primary cilia accelerates EGFR degradation, thereby reducing maladaptive signaling. Importantly, experimental intervention with the HDAC6 inhibitor tubastatin A in an orthotopic rat model moved EGFR to cilia and reduced ERK phosphorylation. Concurrent administration of EGFR and HDAC6 inhibitors in cholangiocarcinoma and polycystic liver disease cells demonstrated synergistic anti-proliferative effects, which were associated with the restoration of functioning primary cilia. This study's findings shed light on ciliary function and robust EGFR signaling with slower receptor turnover. We could use therapies that restore the function of primary cilia to treat EGFR-driven diseases in PLD and CCA.

Impact of Mo+2 addition and thermal annealing on the surface morphology, electrical transport properties and Mott's parameters of WO3 films for potential photonic devices

This work investigates the compositional dependence and thermal annealing of the morphological properties, electrical conductivity mechanisms and Mott's parameters of sprayed MoxW1-xO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0,20) thin films. The prepared thin films were examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. In addition, the two-point probe method was used to calculate the electrical properties of MoxW1-xO3 thin films. The FTIR results revealed that; the tungsten hydroxyl bond (W-OH) and the surface hydroxyl group vibrated within the ranges of 1558.62–1645.56 cm−1 and, 3296.76 and 3424.34 cm−1, respectively. Furthermore, a prominent band in the spectrum spanning from 850 to 650 cm−1 represents the W-O-W bridge mode. The FE-SEM investigations found that the molybdenum (Mo) dopant caused significant changes in the surface morphology of the films. The EDX results showed that the percentages of the isotropic elements MoxW1-xO3 agreed well with those obtained by atomic weight. Studies of the conduction mechanism indicate that the transition temperature was approximately 393K. Corresponding to Mott's model, the conduction mechanism below this temperature was across the variable hopping conduction band near the Fermi level. The mechanism exhibited a cycle of localised states through activated thermionic emission above 393K. Mott parameters were also estimated in addition to barrier potential energies, trapping state energies, local state densities, and other variables. The results revealed that both temperature areas had a rise in ρo and ρ1 values during and after annealing. The ΔEo and ΔE1 values in each temperature area decreased as the Mo-ion concentration increased. Furthermore, the conversion temperature gradually reduced as Mo was added. Based on these properties, the study's overall findings indicate that MoxW1-xO3 is suitable for future photonic devices and optoelectronic applications.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETEPATAN WAKTU PENYAMPAIAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN (Studi Pada Perusahaan Sektor Makanan dan Minuman Periode 2020-2022)

All publicly traded firms are required by OJK laws to file their annual reports on time. Financial reports become more valuable if they are submitted following the designated reporting time, which is why timely submission of financial reports is intended to enable users to examine reports in a timely and pertinent manner. The purpose of this study is to ascertain, partially or concurrently, the impact of return on assets, debt-to-equity ratio, current ratio, business age, and audit opinion on the punctuality of financial report submission in manufacturing enterprises in the food and beverage sector. Secondary data for the 2020–2023 period released by the BEI is what was used. This study uses tools from logistic regression analysis and is explanatory. The study's findings indicate that the variables return on assets, debt to equity ratio, current ratio, age of the company, and audit opinion have no significant impact on how quickly a company submits its financial reports. The factors of return on assets, debt-to-equity ratio, current ratio, firm age, and audit opinion all significantly impact how quickly food and beverage companies produce their financial reports.Keywords: Financial reports, return on assets, debt to equity ratio, current ratio, audit opinion

Addressing spoilage monitoring in packaged paneer (Indian cottage cheese): Lac dye-based intelligent indicator as an innovative solution

The study aimed to develop an intelligent real-time freshness indicator for paneer (Indian cottage cheese) by immobilizing lac dye, a natural anthraquinone dye, in situ on an agarose membrane. The indicator was characterized and evaluated for freshness monitoring of paneer. The indicator exhibited color transition from purple at pH 7 to orange-red at acidic pH (2–5). For evaluation of the indicator, it was placed inside the package headspace containing paneer and stored at ambient (25 ± 1 °C) and refrigerated (8 ± 1 °C) temperatures. Color changes in the indicator showed a correlation with quality parameters and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during storage of paneer. Initially, the indicator was purple on day 0. However, once the microbial counts in paneer exceeded acceptable limits (on day 1 at 25 ± 1 °C and day 6 at 8 ± 1 °C), indicator's color shifted to orange-red. This color transition effectively categorized paneer as: ‘fresh’, ‘moderately fresh’, and ‘spoiled’. The principal component analysis outcomes confirmed that the changes in the indicator's color were closely aligned with the variations observed in paneer quality parameters. Partial least squares models derived from indicator's color parameter data successfully predicted paneer quality. The study's findings illuminate potential of lac dye-based indicator in non-destructive real-time freshness monitoring of paneer.

Exploring Digital Discourtesy: Impoliteness Strategies In K-Drama Fan Discourse on Social Media

This study analyzes impoliteness strategies used by netizens in responses to the variety show "Single Inferno 3" on the X app, specifically through the K-Drama Menfess account. Menfess, short for "Mention and Confess," is a term in K-Pop and K-Drama culture, describing messages sent via direct message to auto-bot accounts on platforms like Twitter, where users share opinions on specific topics. "Single Inferno 3" is a popular show among K-Drama fans, and the comments in the Menfess account's replies provide insights into how impoliteness emerges in reactions to South Korean entertainment. Using a descriptive qualitative method, this study examines the types of impoliteness in netizen comments related to the show, drawing on Culpeper's (2011) theory of language impoliteness. The data, collected from comments posted on January 3rd, 2024, reveals that sarcasm or mock politeness is the most prevalent strategy, appearing in 45.45% of cases. Positive impoliteness accounts for 27.27%, negative impoliteness for 18.18%, and bald on-record impoliteness for 9.09%, with no instances of withheld politeness. Sarcasm often involves indirect insults, while negative impoliteness includes belittling remarks. These impoliteness strategies typically arise in contexts where netizens scrutinize the show's participants, reacting to behavior that deviates from expected norms. The study's findings can help social media platforms develop tools to detect and reduce impolite interactions, such as automated moderation systems and user guidelines to promote respectful online discourse.

Evaluating ChatGPT 4.0's User Satisfaction Among Doctors Across Different Medical Departments.

In an era increasingly focused on integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare, the utility and user satisfaction of AI applications like ChatGPT have become pivotal research areas. This study, conducted in Greece, engaged 193 doctors from various medical departments who interacted with ChatGPT 4.0 through a custom web application. The participants, representing a diverse range of medical specialties, received responses from the specific chatbot tailored to their specific departmental inquiries. Their satisfaction was gauged using a validated form featuring a 1-to-5 rating scale. The results highlighted a possible correlation between the doctors' medical departments and their satisfaction levels with ChatGPT 4.0. Significantly, doctors from certain departments (like General Surgery and Cardiology) reported lower satisfaction scores, ranging from 2.73 to 2.80 out of 5, in contrast to their colleagues from departments like Biopathology and Orthopedics, who scored between 4.00 and 4.46 out of 5. This variation in satisfaction levels underscores the diverse needs within different medical specialties and illuminates both the potential of ChatGPT and the areas needing improvement, especially in delivering department-specific medical information. Despite its limitations, ChatGPT version 4.0 is emerging as a valuable tool in the medical community, indicating potential future advancements and more extensive integration into healthcare practices. The study's findings are crucial in understanding the distinct preferences and requirements of healthcare professionals across various medical departments, thereby guiding the future development of AI tools in healthcare.

Genetic analysis of TRIOBP and MYO15A variants in Iranian families with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss

BackgroundDeafness is a prevalent sensory and neurological disorder that impacts over 466 million individuals globally. Congenital deafness is the most prevalent birth defect, occurring in approximately 2–3 out of every 1000 births. It is recognized as a highly diverse condition. >50% of congenital deafness has genetic causes and the rest is due to environmental causes or both. With the development of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics tools, whole-exome sequencing has been proposed as one of the effective methods for diagnosing genetics of hearing loss. MethodFive Iranian Autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) families negative for GJB2 (NM_004004.6) gene mutations from Sistan and Baluchestan province were selected for further study by whole-exome sequencing analysis. The analysis procedure was performed using multiple bioinformatics tools and websites after filling the consent form and extracting DNA from whole blood using the salting out method. After detecting the variants in priority and confirming them in the probands by Sanger sequencing, other family members were studied to confirm the variant within the family. ResultsAfter analyzing the families recruited for this study, four known genes along with known and novel variants were discovered. Mutations found in the MYO15A, SLC26A4, TRIOBP and TECTA genes among which, the variants found in TRIOBP (NM_001039141.3, p.R283X) and MYO15A (NM_016239.4, p.P2880Rfs*19) were novel. Other known variants were TECTA (NM_005422.4, p.W1534X) and SLC26A4 (NM_000441.2, p.V239D). No genes or variants that might contribute to hearing loss have been identified within one of the families. ConclusionOur study's findings support previous research that has identified SLC26A4, MYO15A, and TECTA genes as common genetic factors following GJB2 in our population.

Data-driven integration of synthetic representative volume elements and machine learning for improved microstructure-property linkage and material performance in ceramics

Ceramic materials, characterized by their heat resistance, dielectric properties, and mechanical performance, are often compromised by brittleness due to microstructural inclusions. These inclusions, such as defects, secondary phases, and pores, are critically analyzed for their impact on material strength and fracture properties. In this study, the linkage between microstructure and properties in ceramic materials is explored through a methodological approach that combines experimental observations with physics-based and machine learning models. A data-driven approach has been employed, utilizing synthetic Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) derived from X-ray computed tomography scans of ceramics. The methodology involves an automated finite element (FE) simulation process for progressive failure analysis under uniaxial compression and tension. The analysis is conducted using statistical, data-driven, and machine learning techniques, including principal component analysis and k-means clustering, to assess the microstructural features' impact on material performance. The study focuses on the use of RVEs for accurately capturing essential microstructural characteristics and addresses the challenges in developing synthetic models and the limitations of simulation capabilities. The study's findings reveal that less uniform inclusion distribution and a higher standard deviation in inclusion size correlate to lower mechanical performance. By applying data-driven methods, this research contributes to the optimization of material performance and the establishment of structure-property relationships, with a particular emphasis on the influence of inclusions and defects on the mechanical behavior of ceramic materials.

Bael (Aegle marmelos) beverage pasteurization by non-isothermal heating with continuous microwave to achieve microbial safety

The efficacy of conventional thermal (batch) and continuous microwave (MW) heating to pasteurize bael beverage was examined by inactivating Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, their cocktail, and native microbial groups. Continuous-MW was operated at 2 kW power and 45–80 °C final temperature. For 25–90 °C beverage temperature, the fluid followed a laminar flow. Data were appropriately modelled using first-order kinetics. MW-heating effectively inactivated all microorganisms. S. cerevisiae was most resistant towards thermal inactivation under single (D70 °C = 0.03 min) and cocktail scenario (D80 °C = 0.014 min) and towards MW under cocktail scenario (DMW_67.5 °C = 0.23 min). The resistance towards temperature rise was highest by L. monocytogenes. Based on lower zMW-values, the thermal sensitivity of microbes improved under MW heating. Morphological alteration in microbial cells of S. cerevisiae &L. monocytogens reveals that the lethality of MW inactivation is mainly based on its thermal effects. Industrial relevanceBael fruit is a nutritious tropical fruit whose beverage is relished by consumers for its refreshing flavour and numerous health benefits. The food sector is presently concentrating on creating innovative, minimally processed goods that are ready-to-eat or handy, shelf-stable, and of higher quality. As an alternative to conventional thermal processing, several novel and sustainable processing methods are now being investigated. To determine if microwave processing is a suitable substitute for thermal processing, the inactivation of artificially inoculated microorganisms, their cocktail, and indigenous microorganisms in the bael beverage were examined in this work. Kinetic study, beverage rheology and changes in cell morphology were also studied. The study's findings indicate that continuous microwave technology can be a more suitable method of pasteurizing fruit beverages than conventional heating due to its >7 log reduction in a shorter time. Except for a few differences, the inactivation mechanisms of thermal and microwave are comparable.