Financing Of Services Research Articles

Leaving no one behind in armed conflict-affected settings of Africa: is universal health coverage a possibility or mirage?

The world is off track six years to the 2030 deadline for attaining the sustainable development goals and universal health coverage. This is particularly evident in Africa’s armed conflict-affected and humanitarian settings, where pervasively weak health systems, extreme poverty and inequitable access to the social dimensions and other determinants of health continue to pose significant challenges to universal health coverage. In this article, we review the key issues and main barriers to universal health coverage in such settings. While our review shows that the current health service delivery and financing models in Africa’s armed conflict-affected settings provide some opportunities to leapfrog progress, others are threats which could hinder the attainment of universal health coverage. We propose four key approaches focused on addressing the barriers to the three pillars of universal health coverage, strengthening public disaster risk management, bridging the humanitarian-development divide, and using health as an enabler of peace and sustainable development as panacea to addressing the universal health coverage challenge in these settings. The principles of health system strengthening, primary health care, equity, the right to health, and gender mainstreaming should underscore the implementation of these approaches. Moving forward, we call for more advocacy, dialogue, and research to better define and adapt these approaches into a realistic package of interventions for attaining universal health coverage in Africa’s armed conflict-affected settings.

Factors Influencing E-Filing Usage Among Pakistani Taxpayers

Tax collection is an essential and significant source of income for developed and developing nations. Tax income is crucial since it serves as the primary financial resource for funding public goods and services, promoting democracy, ensuring sustainable economic growth, and enhancing the well-being of individuals. Following its adoption, this study investigates the impact of tax knowledge on individuals' desire to utilize the electronic filing system for sales tax returns in Pakistan. The study examines the aspects that influence a taxpayer's inclination to operate the electronic filing system, using the theoretical frameworks of the TAM model, the TPB, and the notion of tax knowledge. The results affirm the need for the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) to develop a more efficient strategy for promoting the adoption of electronic filing among taxpayers in Pakistan.

Exploring minimal indirect digital economy taxation as a post-COVID-19 economic recovery strategy for African revenue mobilisation

The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath continue to devastate most areas of society and continue to reveal inherent structural vulnerabilities in the economies, social, and health systems in countries. In addition, the Russia-Ukraine conflict of 2022 and the geopolitics of its resolution continue to create shocks across the globe- evidenced by rising inflation, increased sovereign debt level, recession, and reduced public expenditure among others. While many sectors of the economy were crippled by the back-to-back global economic shocks of the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict through reduced economic activities resulting in a global recession and reduced tax revenues for public expenditure, the digital economy has surprisingly boomed and continues to grow in this period of uncertainty. This has been directly attributed to the 'lure of the alternative', caused by the social and economic lockdowns imposed by countries, which pushed many persons and companies to explore the next available option- online platforms to conduct business. Although the rise in the use of digital platforms for business activities is commendable, this development has some implications for traditional business frameworks which in turn affects revenue mobilisation for funding public infrastructure projects and services. This is because, in Africa, the digital economy is not as well-regulated as the traditional economy. This creates an avenue for tax evasion and avoidance, arising from the dynamic and complex nature of digital transactions. This challenge requires that urgent solutions be found for the effective taxation of the digital economy. There will be a need to review/reform economic and fiscal policies and laws to ensure a faster recovery from the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. There would also be a need to create digital tax policies that are equitable for source and market jurisdictions and, lastly, there will be a need for cooperation in tax law and policies across Africa that capture the reality of the growth and ubiquitous presence of digital multinationals in Africa.

Quality of Financial Services Fund Distribution and Bank Channeling at PT. Pos Indonesia KCU Surabaya

Currently the existence of PT. Pos Indonesia as a postal service provider is increasingly under threat because there are competitors who also provide similar services such as courier and logistics services and there are also quite a lot of assessments indicating dissatisfaction with the services provided. This fact encouraged PT. Post to continue to improve the quality of postal services, especially in financial services, Fund distribution and Bank channeling, so that it can continue to compete with competitors providing other courier and logistics services. The aim of the research is to describe the quality of Fund Distribution and Bank Channeling financial services at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) main branch Surabaya 60000. The type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques include data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions or verification. The theory used is the service quality theory of Zeithaml, Parasuraman and Berry (1990) (Hendrayady et al., 2020) which consists of: Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy). The research results show that the quality of financial services, Fund distribution and Bank channeling at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Main Branch Surabaya 60000 can be said to be good because it provides a sense of comfort and satisfaction to service users. However, there are still several shortcomings related to the fact that there are still employees who do not use identification cards and queue numbers that are rarely used at bank channeling service counters.

PENSION STRATEGIES OF UNWILLING JOINING PENSION PLANS: AN ISSUE OF A RATIONAL CHOICE

This article presents the analysis of Russian «silencers» participation in mandatory pension accumulation. The paper examines the peculiarities of pension strategies of the Russians in forming a funded pension with automatic enrolment through an interdisciplinary approach and methods of statistical data analysis. Based on the achievements of economic science of neoclassical, institutional and behavioral directions, the author argues that the use of such methodological prerequisites as rationality and irrationality of individuals leads to an oversimplification of the relationship between behavioral strategies and their results. The purpose of this article is to analyze the features of “silent” pension strategies through the prism of irrationality and rationality and to assess the consequences of passive participation strategy in the Russian pension process in the 2000s. The article examines the works of foreign and Russian scientists on pension programs with automatic enrolment, while the factual base is presented by materials of the Federal state statistics service and Russian Pension Fund. The article provides an overview of prior works on аutomatic enrolment to retirement plans in the United States and other foreign countries: it reveals critical remarks on the practice of automatic enrolment and reveals the problems of using automatic enrolment in the pension process. The author argues that the economic behavior of the Russian «silent» is primarily due to the specifics of institutional environment as well as the level of trust in the state and financial institutions. It has been established that irrationality and financial illiteracy are not always the primary causes of “silent accession” strategy. The conclusions and proposals of the work can be used for further research in pension strategies and the development of pension policy in Russia.

Tax policies with a human rights perspective: towards greater tax justice

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to analyse tax policies from a human rights perspective. Motivation: This study is inspired by the observation of crises that appeal to us, revive existing challenges, and lead us to re-evaluate public services. In connection with the causes and consequences of these contexts, this study formulates a new approach to taxation practices, connecting the design of tax policies with their capacity to contribute to the realisation of economic, social, and cultural human rights. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was carried out following a methodology that includes a review of the relevant literature, the analysis of the work of international institutions in the field, and the examination of international and regional legal frameworks for the protection of human rights, in connection with states’ obligations to provide adequate services. Main findings: Tax justice stands as a pillar to ensure that states, through the management of public resources, can fulfil their obligations in the mitigation of economic and social inequalities and in the funding of rights and public services. Practical implications/Managerial impact: The changes resulting from globalisation, transnational trade, offshoring of production and, among others, advances in digitalisation, make it necessary to analyse the validity of the foundations of our tax systems towards achieving the long-awaited tax justice. This study aims to contribute to the consolidation of the basis for this necessary connection between tax policies and human rights. Novelty/Contribution: This study argues that only those tax policies that integrate a human rights perspective can be considered optimal for achieving tax justice.

Population analysis using GIS software tools A case study of Chengdu

Population analysis using GIS software tools A case study of Chengdu

A Multinational, Multicenter Study Mapping Models of Kidney Supportive Care Practice

IntroductionKidney supportive care (KSC) integrates kidney and palliative care to improve quality of life for people with chronic kidney disease. Despite increasing interest and global advocacy to integrate KSC into kidney care, evidence to guide optimal care delivery is limited. MethodsThis observational cross-sectional study used an online survey to describe current KSC models in Australia, Aotearoa-New Zealand and the United Kingdom (UK). ResultsBetween April and December 2022, 114 units responded (response rate 67%), with 66% having a dedicated KSC service (UK 74%, Australia 58%, New Zealand 67%). Many different healthcare professionals worked in KSC services with diversity in clinical resources and activities between units and across countries. Overall, funding for KSC services was low, with a median full time equivalent per unit (standardised per 100 people receiving haemodialysis) of 0.51 (interquartile range 0.17-1.05) and 4 units provided a service without allocated funding. The scope of KSC service was wide-ranging and prioritised activities included symptom management, psychological support, complex future treatment planning and discussion, and care coordination. There were no significant differences between countries in terms of location of care provision, frequency of review, referral patterns or discharge rates, but there was variation described within countries. ConclusionModels of KSC vary markedly across kidney units and between countries. Despite this variation there was consistency in terms of clinical priorities which were person-centred and focused on physical and psychosocial wellbeing. Further research is required to evaluate the effectiveness of KSC provision, alongside improved funding methods to ensure sustainable and equitable KSC delivery.

Abstract PO5-10-11: BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT AMONG DISPLACED AND HOST POPULATIONS IN NORTH-WEST SYRIA

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The protracted Syrian conflict has forcibly displaced more than half the pre-conflict population of 22 million people with 6.7 million IDPs (internally displaced people.) 80% of IDPs are women and children. Given a lack of humanitarian funding for oncology services, NGOs like the Syrian-American Medical Society (SAMS), have used private funding to establish oncology services. We sought to explore differences in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment among IDPs and host populations in SAMS oncology centre in Idlib governorate. METHODS: Charts of women seen diagnosed with breast cancer at the SAMS Oncology Centre in Idlib governorate between March 2018 and February 2021 were reviewed. Clinicopathologic data was extracted, and non-parametric statistical analyses were performed to compare citizens vs. those who were displaced. RESULTS: Data for 188 patients were available; for 108/188 (57%) details of IDP versus host status was available. 61/108 (56%) were IDPs, 47 (44%) were host. The median age at diagnosis was similar between citizens and those who were displaced. Further, the clinicopathologic features and treatment between these two groups were similar. The time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was imilar between the host population and IDPs (median 125.5 days vs. 77 days, respectfully, p=0.255), although there was a trend towards a shorter time from diagnosis to initiation of treatment for IDPs (median 19 days vs. 14 days, p=0.051). CONCLUSION: From this cohort study, it is notable that there were no significant differences in the tumor size, node positivity or grade at diagnosis. Further, although IDPs are usually considered to have more challenging access to healthcare services compared to host populations, it was notable that there was no significant difference between the time of onset of symptoms to diagnosis between the two groups, and a trend towards a shorter time to treatment. Although this may be related to the relatively small sample size, it may also reflect other commitments of host populations (e.g., employment) that may delay care, or the work of humanitarian organizations in reaching displaced populations. Further, given that in northwest Syria, more than 65% of the 4-4.6 million people in the area are IDPs, access to care between the two groups may be similar. Further work is required to explore this. Table. Citation Format: Anees Chagpar, Aula Abbara, Alaa Alshemali, Fares Alahdab, Moahmed Hamze, Bassel Attassi, Jude Alawa, Sydney Cech, Lawrence Tang, Kaveh Khoshnood. BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT AMONG DISPLACED AND HOST POPULATIONS IN NORTH-WEST SYRIA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-10-11.

Self-Concept Priming and Message Framing As Strategies for Improving Individuals’ Compliance: A Case Study of Bicultural Taxpayers’ Tip Reporting

ABSTRACT This study investigates the efficacy of two strategies, active self-concept priming and message framing, designed to encourage standard-compliant behavior. We prime 82 bicultural U.S. taxpayers from a collectivist culture through informational videos to activate either an individualist or collectivist self-concept. The message is framed to match (versus not match) the primed self-concept. Results reveal an ordinal interaction where participants primed with a collectivist self-concept have higher tax compliance than those primed with an individualist self-concept, and the highest compliance occurs when the message has a relational focus (i.e., collectivist prime match) compared to a self-focus (i.e., individualist prime match). Supplemental analysis suggests that raising the salience of the collectivist-self over the individualist-self indirectly affects taxpayers’ intentions to comply through the mediator of taxpayers’ attitudes. The findings highlight the potential of behavioral priming as a low-cost strategy for boosting tax revenues that fund services that benefit the public interest at large. Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.

Relationship between Dating Violence and Resilience among Young Adults

Abstract: The study looks into the connection between resilience and dating violence. The results point to the significance of including ways to build Resilience for victims of dating violence. To help survivors' resilience, therapists could concentrate on improving coping strategies, self-esteem, and social support systems. To lessen the harmful effects of dating violence, education and preventative initiatives should place a strong emphasis on young people developing resilience skills. With the use of this data, measures should be taken that will lessen dating violence and increase access to tools that foster resilience in contexts such as schools, colleges, etc . This can entail setting aside funds for support groups, counseling services, and awareness campaigns. It is necessary to do additional study to investigate the precise processes by which resilience mitigates the impact of dating violence. The long-term effects of resilience on relationships and mental health outcomes may be better understood through longitudinal research. Furthermore, assessing the success of programmes that emphasize resilience may help direct future efforts in practice and policy. It's critical to take into account the ways that experiences of dating violence and resilience are influenced by variables including gender, race, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic background. Promoting inclusivity and efficacy requires designing interventions to meet the specific requirements of diverse communities.

Chiropractors in Multidisciplinary Teams: Enablers of Colocation Integration in GP-Led Primary Healthcare.

The aim of this study was to explore and document the enablers and barriers of chiropractic care colocation in general practice at a large-scale private primary care centre in Australia. This study focused on the perceptions of healthcare professionals regarding this integration. The research setting was a large integrated primary care centre located in an outer metro, low-socioeconomic area in the City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Participant inclusion criteria included general medical practitioners, practice nurses, and medical managers who self-reported interactions with the physically collocated and integrated chiropractic practice. Data was collected from 22 participants using face-to-face, qualitative, semi-structured interviews with an average duration of 32 min. The data collected included perceptions of chiropractic treatment, enablers to patient referral pathways, and views of the integrated chiropractic care model. A reflexive thematic analysis was conducted on the data set. All participants reported that this was their first exposure to the colocation of a chiropractor within a general medical practice. Four key enablers of chiropractic care integration were identified: (1) the practitioner [chiropractor], (2) the organisation [general practice], (3) consumer flow, and (4) the environment [shared spaces and tenant ecosystem]. The chiropractic integration enhanced knowledge sharing and interprofessional trust among healthcare providers. The formal reporting of patient outcomes and understanding of the chiropractor's scope of practice further enabled referrals to the service. Shared administrative and business processes, including patient records, booking systems, and clinical meetings, facilitated relationship development between the chiropractor and referring health providers. Colocation as part of a larger primary care centre created proximity and convenience for health providers in terms of interprofessional communication, and for patients, in terms of access to chiropractic services. Existing governance structures supported communication, professional education, and shared values related to the delivery of patient-centred care. Identified barriers included limited public funding for chiropractic services resulting in reduced access for patients of low-socioeconomic status. Additionally, scepticism or negativity towards the discipline of chiropractic care was identified as an initial barrier to refer patients. In most cases, this view towards the chiropractor was overcome by regular patient reporting of positive treatment outcomes to their GP, the delivery of education sessions by the chiropractor for the health providers, and the development of interprofessional trust between the chiropractor and referring health providers. This study provides preliminary evidence and a conceptual framework of factors influencing the successful integration of chiropractic care within an Australian large primary care centre. The data collected indicated that integration of chiropractic care into a primary care centre serving a low-socioeconomic region can be achieved with a high degree of health provider satisfaction.

The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Work Culture on Work Commitment and Its Implications on the Performance of Village Fund Managers

This research examines the influence of transformational leadership and work culture on work commitment and its implications for the performance of village fund managers on Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara. The research method used is quantitative research with an explanatory survey approach. Data was collected through interviews, observation, and questionnaires with a Likert scale. Respondents are village fund managers from 6 districts on Flores Island. Hypothesis testing was done using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 3.00 software. The research results show that transformational leadership and work culture significantly influence the work commitment and performance of village fund managers. Strong transformational leadership, characterized by collaboration, honesty, and trust, encourages increased work commitment and performance of village fund managers. Meanwhile, a positive work culture based on integrity, honesty, and accountability contributes to work commitment and performance. High work commitment also positively impacts individual and group performance, increasing motivation, job satisfaction, and the ability to face challenges. Finally, improving the performance of village fund managers on Flores Island requires the development of transformational solid leadership, the formation of a positive work culture based on the values of integrity and accountability, and increasing the work commitment of individual village fund managers. It is hoped that the results of this research can improve the effectiveness of village fund management and services to the community.

Congregation-Based Service Financing Scheme (LASISMA) in Improving Customer Business at BMT NU Larangan Pamekasan Branch

Financing is one that is really needed by the community to meet their needs, one of which is the financing contained in the BMT NU larangan branch, namely congregation-based service financing (LASISMA), this financing uses the Al qordhul Hasan contract and customers or partners increase every year. In this study, researchers describe. How is the implementation of congregation-based service financing (LASISMA) in the larangan subdistrict customer business at the larangan branch of BMT NU, the researcher also describes what are the inhibiting and supporting factors in congregation-based service financing (LASISMA) at the larangan branch of NU BMT. The result of this research is a congregation-based service financing scheme (LASISMA) in increasing business. customers, the BMT groups members of at least 5 and a maximum of 20 members, then BMT provides basic education and conducts surveys, makes letters of recommendation and monitors the customer's business. Factors that become obstacles and supports in financing LASISMA are the existence of groups that also offer similar financing to LASISMA, namely in the form of groups, and also the customer's lack of understanding in managing their business. And one of the supporting factors is the ease of getting financing and installments.

Factors Influencing Postnatal Care Utilization Among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review

BACKGROUND:Considerable progress has been made globally in improving maternal and child health. However, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia together accounted for 86% of all maternal deaths in the world during the 2000–2017 period. It is estimated that more than 60% of global maternal deaths occur during the postnatal period. The utilization of postnatal care (PNC) services remains low in SSA. This scoping review aimed to determine factors that influence PNC utilization among women in SSA.METHODS:Peer-reviewed articles published in English from 2018 to 2023 were searched from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, African Journals Online, SCOPUS, and PubMed databases. Two authors independently screened the articles and extracted the data.RESULTS:Thirty-nine articles were included in this review. Thirty-three of the studies were of a quantitative cross-sectional study design, four were mixed-methods, and two were qualitative studies. The review identified several enablers and barriers to PNC utilization among women, which were categorized into individual, community-level, and healthcare system factors. Some of the individual factors included the place of residence, marital status of the woman, employment status, educational level of both the woman and her partner, and household income. Health system factors included accessibility of healthcare facilities, availability of resources, and the quality of healthcare.CONCLUSION:To improve PNC utilization in SSA, several strategies should be implemented. These strategies should address issues such as women’s empowerment, accessibility of healthcare facilities, the quality of healthcare services, and healthcare services financing.

Adherence to chest physiotherapy, airway clearance techniques and physical exercise by children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Introduction: chest physiotherapy, airway clearance techniques, and physical exercise are associated with better outcomes in cystic fibrosis, but adherence to these recommendations remains a challenge. Objective: to assess adherence to chest physiotherapy, airway clearance techniques, and physical exercise by children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis and analyze the factors related to adherence. Methods: retrospective study of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis from a pediatric referral center in Brazil. Data were collected from electronic records of the multidisciplinary team responsible for caring for these patients at the referral center. Results: the sample included all 83 patients registered at the referral center, with a mean age of 7.88 ± 4.88 years. Among them, 28.9% did not have weekly chest physiotherapy, 66.3% did not practice physical exercise regularly, and only 38.6% practiced airway clearance techniques from 6 to 7 times a week. Higher adherence to airway clearance techniques was associated with higher mean age (p<0.01) and correlated with FEV1 (r=-0.39; p=0.03), FEF25-75% (r =-0.36; p=0.02), FEV1/FVC (r =-0.43; p=0.01) and lower mean Shwachman-Kulczycki Score (r=-0.34; p<0.01). Higher physical exercise adherence was associated with a higher mean age (p<0.01). Individuals using public financing of physiotherapy services had a lower Shwachman-Kulczycki Score (p=0.02) than those using non-public services. The metropolitan region had a higher percentage of individuals using non-public services than other regions (p<0.01). Conclusion: adherence to chest physiotherapy, airway clearance techniques and physical exercise was lower than recommendations. Airway clearance techniques and physical exercise adherence increased with age, and airway clearance techniques adherence was associated with the high severity of disease. These results suggest that patients only increase adherence when they get older and the disease worsens, highlighting the need for strategies to increase adherence early.

Effect of human capital devolution process on the technical efficiency of public health facilities in Nakuru and Baringo Counties of Kenya

This study investigates how the process of human capital devolution affects the technical efficiency of public health facilities in Nakuru and Baringo Counties in Kenya. Despite the expectation that increased government expenditure would enhance efficiency, the public health sector in Kenya continues to need more efficiency. The study was guided by the Human Capital Theory. The human capital devolution process was measured by academic and professional qualification, training and conferences, research and publications, and expenditure on salaries and allowances. This study drew from the Cobb-Douglas production function theory. Employing a quantitative descriptive research design, the study targeted 3199 employees across 401 level 2-5 public health facilities, with a focused sample of 355 proportionately selected employees. Primary data was gathered using structured questionnaires coded and analysed using STATA/SPSS software. Technical efficiency was assessed using two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and multivariate logistic regression. The regression analysis results revealed a significant relationship between human capital and technical efficiency, with a coefficient of human capital development at 0.331 (T-value= 4.384, p-value= 0.000< 0.05 significant level). This indicates a positive impact of human capital devolution on technical efficiency, where a unit increase in human capital development leads to a 0.331 increase in technical efficiency. The study recommends that financial challenges, the unequal distribution of national resources, and poor funding of devolution services can be solved by transferring all functions earmarked to County Governments as per Schedule IV in the Constitution of Kenya, 2010.

Providing holistic end-of-life care for people with a history of problem substance use: a mixed methods cohort study of interdisciplinary service provision and integrated care

Harmful use of illicit drugs and/or alcohol is linked to life-limiting illness and complex health and social care needs, but people who use substances and have complex needs do not receive timely palliative care and fail to achieve quality standards for a good death. They and their families often require support from multiple health and social care services which are shown to be poorly integrated and fail to deliver interdisciplinary care. This study aimed to identify the existing barriers and facilitators within and between services in providing this population with a good death. Using a mixed methods approach of survey, focus groups and semi-structured interviews, we explored the perspectives of practitioner and management staff across a range of health and social disciplines and organisations in one combined authority in a large city in the north west of England. Our findings indicate that practitioners want to provide better care for this client group, but face structural, organisational and professional boundary barriers to delivering integrated and shared care. Differences in philosophy of care, piecemeal commissioning and funding of services, and regulatory frameworks for different services, lead to poor and inequitable access to health and social care services. Ways forward for improving care are suggested as bespoke hostel-based accommodation for palliative care for this client group, and specialist link workers who can transcend professional and organisational boundaries to support co-ordination of services and support. We conclude that it is no longer adequate to call for more training, better communication and improved joint working. Complex care at the end of life requires creative and cohesive systemic responses that enable multi-disciplinary practitioners to provide the care they wish to give and enables individuals using substances to get the respect and quality service they deserve.

COVID-19 and beyond: A systematic review of adaptations to psychosocial support in oncology.

To understand the strategies used to continue providing psychosocial support to cancer patients during the pandemic, including outcomes and implications beyond the pandemic. A systematic review of original research. ProQuest Health & Medicine, CINAHL Complete (via EBSCOhost), Scopus, and PubMed were searched for original work published between January 2020 and December 2022. Abstract and title screening identified eligible articles for full-text review. Following a full-text review, data were extracted from eligible articles, and a risk of bias assessment was conducted. A synthesis without meta-analysis was performed. Thirty-four articles met the selection criteria. These articles provide evidence that systematic adaptations during the pandemic improved the assessment and screening of psychological needs and/or increased the number of clients accessing services. Additionally, while the pandemic was associated with decreased psychosocial well-being for cancer patients, five intervention studies reported improvements in psychosocial well-being. Barriers, strategies, and recommendations were described. Adapting psychosocial support during a pandemic can be successful, achieved relatively quickly, and can increase the uptake of support for people experiencing cancer. It is imperative that these adaptations continue beyond the pandemic to maximize adaptive psychosocial outcomes for a group vulnerable to ongoing mental health concerns. While the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased psychosocial need for cancer patients, evidence in the review suggested that adaptations made to service delivery facilitated increased access for patients who may not previously have been able to access support. Additionally, improvements in psychosocial well-being were achieved. These findings are relevant for clinicians and decision-makers who fund and design psychosocial support services for cancer patients. The review was guided by PRISMA Guidelines and the SWiM Reporting Guideline. No patient or public contribution.

Research on the Quality Assurance of Primary and Secondary After-school Services in Guizhou under the Perspective of High-Quality Development

In the context of the “double-decrease” policy, the construction of an after-school service system for primary and secondary schools is of great significance to the creation of a good educational ecology and the return of the public nature of education, and has become an indispensable part of the development of after- school services. Given the differences in resources, there are many problems with after-school services in Guizhou Province. Through the implementation of the survey on the white list of the number of afterschool services in Guizhou Province, and comparing the data between cities, it is found that the situation in the field of after-school services for primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province has improved after the remediation, but there are still the following quality problems: unclear rights and responsibilities of the main body of after-school services, insufficient precision of the content of after-school services, lack of after- school services funding synergy, and an imperfect evaluation system of the results of after-school services. In order to solve these problems, this study proposes the following after-school service quality measures under the guidance of the concept of high-quality development of education: constructing a mechanism for the mutual sharing of rights and responsibilities among after-school service subjects, improving the accuracy of after-school service content, adjusting the mode of after-school service funding, and improving the evaluation system of after-school service quality. These measures are designed to improve the quality and effectiveness of after-school services in Guizhou's primary and secondary schools, to achieve high-quality development of after-school services in Guizhou's primary and secondary schools with the goal of the comprehensive development of students, and to promote the progress of education in Guizhou Province. Under the background of “Double Reduction” policy, the construction of after-school service guarantee system for primary and secondary schools plays an important role in the creation of good education ecology and the return of education publicity, and it is an indispensable part of the development of after-school service. Through literature research and field research, it is found that primary and secondary school afterschool services in Guizhou Province are facing quality assurance problems such as unclear rights and responsibilities of the main body of after-school services, insufficient precision of the content of after-school services, lack of synergistic funding for after-school services, and an imperfect evaluation system for the results of after-school services. Guided by the concept of high-quality development of education, a series of after- school service quality assurance measures are proposed to build mutual sharing of rights and responsi- bilities of after-school service subjects, enhance the accuracy of after-school service guarantee contents, adjust the mode of allocation of after-school service guarantee funds, and improve the evaluation system of after- school service quality assurance, aiming to improve the quality and effectiveness of after-school services in Guizhou's primary and secondary schools, and realize high-quality development of the quality assurance of Guizhou's primary and secondary schools' after-school services, with the aim of promote the overall development of students as an important goal, so as to achieve the ultimate goal of promoting the progress of education in Guizhou Province.