Financial Transfers Research Articles

Boomerang children and parental retirement outcomes

AbstractAs the share of U.S. adult children living with their parents increases, it is important to understand how children who “boomerang” back home impact their parents in their pre-retirement and post-retirement years. We use data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to examine the effects of boomerang children on their parents’ labor market expectations and choices, as well as on their wealth, health, and life satisfaction. Event study analysis suggests that boomerang children return home due to short-term instabilities, such as negative shocks to marriage, income, and employment. We find that boomerang children are associated with a small increase in their parents’ subjective probability of working after age 65, and with a temporary increase in their parents’ non-housing debt. However, in the aggregate, we find no clear evidence that boomerang children impact parents’ current or future labor market choices, overall wealth, health, or life satisfaction. (We do find some evidence of an increase in hours worked among parents in the bottom wealth decile). One possible explanation for the lack of aggregate impact is that boomerang children contribute to household expenses. We find that boomerang events are associated with an increase in financial transfers from children to parents, particularly among parents in the bottom half of the wealth distribution.

A "Big5" európai labdarúgó bajnokságok játékos-transzfer tevékenységének összehasonlító elemzése

Transfer news and events generate as much, if not more, interest than the final matches of the most prestigious cup competitions. It is not uncommon for a player's playing rights (which clubs recognise as intangible assets) to change hands for sums in excess of €10 million or even €100 million, with the outstanding revenues of the most prestigious Big 5 leagues contributing greatly to the reality of these transactions. The aim of this study is to provide a comparative analysis of player transfer activity in the Big 5 leagues, focusing on the correlations and relationships between league revenues, transfer spending and revenues, using financial and player transfer data from 2017 and onwards. In terms of the extent of transactions, it can be concluded that player transfers are crucial for the financial management, profitability and stability of football clubs. Accordingly, the highest transfer spending occurs in the leagues with the highest revenue generating capacity. In total, between 2016 and 2021 - €7.5 billion will be diverted from the Big 5 leagues.

Analysis of Competency, Integrity, And Capability on The Performance Of Information System Based Budget Planning

Budget planning in the Regional Government financial system currently centers on an information system that is directly connected to the central information system in Jakarta. The accuracy of planning depends on the ability of the planning apparatus so that the circulation of money transfers from the Center to the Regions runs smoothly. The research aims to examine the competency, integrity and capability factors of budget planners in terms of using the available information systems properly so that the financial transfer process for the Region runs smoothly. Qualitative descriptive research. Data was obtained from structured, repeated and in-depth interviews with selected respondents who had been determined. The interview results were compiled using a weighting technique to obtain numerical figures on a scale of 1-10. The number of respondents was 115 people from budget planners and officials at the Regional Apparatus Organization of Fakfak Regency. Based on the weight results, a gap analysis can be carried out which is displayed using spider web analysis. The research results show that the competency, integrity and capability of budget planners must be continuously improved through education and training. This is based on the many technical changes in the use of information systems which budget planners must know and master at all times

Dynamics of household welfare change and analysis of coping strategies during floods: an empirical investigation

PurposeThis study aims to understand the socioeconomic impact of flood events on households, especially household welfare in terms of changes in consumption and coping strategies to deal with flood risk. This study is based on Bihar, one of the most frequently flood-affected, most populous and economically backward states in India.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were collected from 700 households in the seven most frequently flood-affected districts in Bihar. A total of 100 individuals from each district were randomly selected from flood-affected villages. Based on a detailed literature review, an econometric (probit) model was developed to test the null hypothesis of the availability of consumption insurance, and the multivariate probability approach was used to analyze the various coping strategies of these households.FindingsThe results of this study suggest that flood-affected households maintain their consumption by overcoming various losses, including income, house damage and livestock loss. Households depend on financial transfers, borrowings and relief, and migrate to overcome losses. Borrowing could be an extra burden as the government compensates for house damage and crop loss late to the affected households. Again, there is no compensation to overcome livelihood loss and deal with occurrences of post-flood diseases, which further emphasizes the policy implications of strengthening the health infrastructure in the state and generating alternative livelihood opportunities.Originality/valueThis study discusses flood risk in terms of changes in household welfare, identifies the most effective risk-coping capabilities of rural communities and contributes to the shortcomings of the government insurance and relief model.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-07-2023-0569

Desentralisasi Fiskal terhadap Pembangunan Ekonomi di Daerah

This study aims to investigate the impact of fiscal decentralization on economic development at the regional level in Indonesia. Employing a quantitative approach, secondary data and surveys were utilized to examine the relationships among fiscal decentralization variables, financial transfers, fiscal autonomy, and economic growth. The analysis results reveal that fiscal decentralization has a significant positive impact on regional economic growth, with levels of fiscal autonomy and the magnitude of financial transfers from the central government emerging as critical factors in enhancing local economic performance.

Desentralisasi Fiskal terhadap Pembangunan Ekonomi di Daerah

This study aims to investigate the impact of fiscal decentralization on economic development at the regional level in Indonesia. Employing a quantitative approach, secondary data and surveys were utilized to examine the relationships among fiscal decentralization variables, financial transfers, fiscal autonomy, and economic growth. The analysis results reveal that fiscal decentralization has a significant positive impact on regional economic growth, with levels of fiscal autonomy and the magnitude of financial transfers from the central government emerging as critical factors in enhancing local economic performance.

A Study on Financial Risk Transfer in National Storm and Flood Insurance Program

A Study on Financial Risk Transfer in National Storm and Flood Insurance Program

Corporate Support as a Strategic Factor for Increasing the Economic Efficiency of Enterprises

"This study explores the impact of corporate support mechanisms—financial assistance, technology transfer, and consultancy services—on the economic efficiency of enterprises, integrating stakeholder analysis, prioritization, and theory into its analysis. Utilizing logistic regression on data from 250 diverse enterprises, the study reveals significant enhancements in economic efficiency through corporate support. Financial assistance increased the likelihood of high economic efficiency by 2.0 times, with technology transfer being even more influential, making enterprises 3.5 times more likely to achieve high efficiency. Consultancy services also played a significant role, improving efficiency likelihood by 1.8 times. The analysis provided a confidence interval of 1.2 to 2.7 for consultancy services, with a p-value of 0.005, highlighting its relevance. Additionally, the study delved into the role of enterprise characteristics and the competitive environment, revealing nuanced insights into their interaction with corporate support effectiveness. While enterprise size and sector did not exhibit a direct significant impact on economic efficiency, the competitive market dynamics were found to slightly decrease the likelihood of achieving high efficiency, with a negative coefficient indicating a complex relationship. The research further examines the complex interplay between corporate support and factors such as enterprise characteristics, market competition, and importantly, stakeholder interests. It suggests that aligning corporate support strategies with the nuanced expectations and priorities of stakeholders—not just focusing on direct economic gains—can significantly bolster an enterprise’s growth and operational efficiency. By advocating for tailored support strategies that consider the diverse needs and conditions of enterprises along with a comprehensive stakeholder approach, the findings highlight the essential role of corporate support in enhancing economic performance and competitive advantage, emphasizing the critical need for policies and practices that are responsive to both enterprise needs and stakeholder considerations."

Construction and Influencing Factors of Voluntary Compensation Subjects for Herders—From the Perspective of Sustainable Utilization of Grassland Resources

The grassland ecological compensation mechanism is a basic guarantee for promoting the sustainable utilization of grassland resources, and the reasonable determination of the compensation subject is the basic premise for the effective operation of the grassland ecological compensation mechanism. At present, grassland ecological compensation is mainly based on government compensation, and the compensation method generally adopted is financial transfer payment with a single source of compensation funds. Therefore, establishing diversified compensation entities is of great significance in expanding the sources of compensation funds. As important users of grassland resources, herders should become the main representatives of grassland ecological compensation according to the principle of “whoever uses, pays”. In this study, based on survey data with respect to pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia, we used a multivariate ordered logistic regression model to empirically analyze the factors influencing the establishment of a voluntary compensation entity for herders. The results of this study showed that (1) the resource endowment factors of the respondents, including livestock inventory, grazing area, and cutting grassland area, have a significant positive impact on the willingness of herdsmen to voluntarily serve as the main representatives of grassland ecological compensation. When each influencing factor increased by one unit, the probability of voluntarily becoming a compensation subject increased by 3.5%, 1.91%, and 1.41%, respectively. (2) The factor of prohibited pasture area in the endowment of herders had a significant negative effect on their willingness to become compensation subjects, which indicates that the larger the prohibited pasture area owned by herders, the lower their grassland utilization rate and the lower their willingness to voluntarily become compensation subjects. (3) Among the cognitive factors of the respondents, “whether they will continue to support the implementation of the grassland compensation policy” had a positive promoting effect on herdsmen voluntarily becoming compensation subjects, showing that the higher the support of herdsmen for the ecological compensation system, the more willing they were to become compensation subjects. This article is based on the perspective of the sustainable utilization of grassland resources and empirically analyzes the influencing factors of herders’ willingness to reduce their number of livestock. Through the voluntary reduction of livestock by herders, a voluntary compensation entity for herders is constructed. Based on the research conclusions, relevant countermeasures and suggestions are proposed, providing a reference for improving grassland ecological compensation policies and promoting the sustainable utilization of grassland resources.

Human Resource Development and its Relationship to the Service Quality A Case Study on Al-Muntab Brothers Exchange and Financial Transfers Company

Human Resource Development and its Relationship to the Service Quality A Case Study on Al-Muntab Brothers Exchange and Financial Transfers Company

Population movement, financial transfers, and alterations in forested coverage within rural regions

Population movement, financial transfers, and alterations in forested coverage within rural regions

Fuzzy cognitive maps for municipal governance improvement.

This paper applies Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) to understand the diverse behavior of municipal governments in Ecuador to find common elements that influence the well-being of citizens in the short and long term. Information gathering was conducted in two stages: in the first one, a group of 16 national experts was consulted to develop the initial FCM; in the second stage, local experts from 220 municipalities were interviewed to collect information on the general validity of initial FCMs and specific values given to concepts and relationships in their municipalities. Results show the importance of certain concepts for long-term municipal performance, such as the need for a competitive entrepreneurial sector, improving human resources in the municipality, and, particularly, having a competent mayor with leadership skills and a forward-looking vision that enables the development of municipal projects required to reach an efficient and equitable coverage of goods and services throughout the city. Through the application of genetic algorithms, the FCM was calibrated to ascertain the long-term dynamics of municipal development and the optimal values of the concepts that would optimize the attainment of the set objectives. The derived outcomes suggest the desirability of the maintenance of, in principle, unwanted structures like financial transfers from the central government and the need to exploit natural resources to attain urban development.

Financial Freedom Perception Scale (FFPS): Construction and validation

The main motivation of this study is the absence of consolidated measures to evaluate individuals' perceptions of financial freedom. So, this study has the objective of constructing and validating a Financial Freedom Perception Scale (FFPS). Furthermore, it seeks to provide the first evidence for differences in the perception of financial freedom according to gender, age, race and formal education. The research was developed by two main phases. The qualitative phase consisted of interviews, expert validation, and pre-test used to define the scale and the construction of the items. In the quantitative phase, two samples were collected: one with 1020 cases for exploratory analysis and another of 2293 respondents for confirmatory validation. The tests validated the FFPS as a one-dimensional scale consisting of nine items assessing the individual's financial freedom perception. We also present an application methodology for FFPS. We identified that a significant portion of the population perceives itself as financially free, but this perception is quite distinct among citizens of different profiles. The FFPS can be useful for academics, researchers, public managers, and financial agents. It can also indicate the results of public policies on financial inclusion, income transfer, and financial literacy.

Migrants Stock And Income: A Zoological Analysis Of The Remittance Flow Between India And 31 Pairs Of Countries

This research delves into the complex dynamics of remittance flows between India and 31 pairs of countries through a unique zoological lens, offering a novel perspective on the migratory patterns and financial implications of these flows. With the increasing interconnectedness of the global economy, remittances have emerged as a vital component of international migration. This study employs a zoological analogy to better understand the behaviors and patterns of these financial transfers, akin to the diverse species in an ecological ecosystem. Through a comprehensive analysis of migrants' stock and income levels, we investigate the multifaceted relationships between India and its partner countries, dissecting the characteristics that define these remittance flows. This analysis not only considers the raw numbers and amounts of remittances but also explores the underlying factors, including socio-economic conditions, policies, and historical ties, which shape the migration corridors. Our zoological analysis reveals that remittance flows can be likened to various species in the animal kingdom, each with its unique traits and contributions to the ecosystem. Some flows may resemble migratory birds, representing consistent and reliable remittances over time, while others may be more akin to elusive predators, with sporadic and unpredictable contributions. The study further examines the impact of remittances on the economic well-being of both sending and receiving countries, shedding light on the intricate interplay between migrants' income levels and the socio-economic environments they inhabit. We identify how remittances can act as economic stabilizers, enhancing financial security for families in the source countries and boosting economic development in the recipient nations. The zoological approach to the analysis of remittance flows between India and 31 pairs of countries offers a fresh perspective that can enhance our understanding of this vital aspect of international migration. By recognizing the diverse "species" of remittance flows and their roles within the global ecosystem, policymakers and researchers can better tailor strategies to optimize the benefits and mitigate the challenges associated with these financial transactions.

Debt‐based welfare: Debt‐to‐asset relationships across Black and White households in the United States

AbstractUnder neoliberal social provision, debt has become a primary tool for US households to pursue economic mobility and manage risk. Borrowing supports financial and non‐financial investments that, in theory, should lead to lifetime income and asset gains from which debt can be repaid. Many scholars argue, however, that reliance on credit as a welfare tool significantly increases inequality, particularly along racial lines. In this paper, I examine this process of debt‐financed asset accumulation by analyzing racial disparities in the relationship between household debt and assets. Using Survey of Consumer Finances data, I examine disparities in assets held at given debt levels across Black and White households. Results indicate that at equal debt levels, Black households' assets are between 30% and 80% lower than those of comparable White households. This suggests that White households benefit considerably more from social policies that center borrowing as a mechanism of social provision. This likely contributes to the persistence of the racial wealth gap. Racial disparities in access to credit, to homeownership, and to non‐market financial transfers like inheritances partly explain White households' higher returns, but racial gaps remain even when accounting for these factors.

Double (Dis)Advantage: The Cumulative Role of Parental Resources and the Institutional Context in Intergenerational Time and Money Transfers

Abstract This study addresses an underexplored mechanism of social inequality transmission, namely, intergenerational transfers from older parents to their adult children in terms of (i) money and (ii) time (specifically, devoted to sporadic or regular childcare). A yet unaddressed question in the literature is whether these two resources are transferred in a cumulative (i.e., both resources being transferred) or compensatory (i.e., only one resource being transferred) manner and how such cumulation or compensation depends on parental income and the wider institutional context. Filling this lacuna, this study investigates whether grandparents who have fewer financial resources compensate for their lack of opportunities to provide financial transfers to their adult children by transferring more time to their children, or whether higher-income parents are more likely to transfer both more time and money than lower-income parents, resulting in greater advantage among their receiving children (cumulation). Drawing on six waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, this study analyzes transfers from more than 53,000 grandparents aged 50 or older to their adult children across European countries. The findings show that higher-income parents, relative to lower-income parents, are more likely to provide both time (more precisely, sporadic childcare) and financial support to their adult children, yielding evidence for the cumulation of transfers. Further, evidence of a double (dis)advantage emerges, as social gradients in (financial and regular time) transfers are more pronounced in contexts with smaller public expenditures on formal childcare and a more unequal distribution of household incomes.

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ КРИПТОВАЛЮТ ЯК ЗАСОБУ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ПЛАТЕЖІВ: АНАЛІЗ ВАРТОСТІ, ШВИДКОСТІ ТА БЕЗПЕКИ ТРАНЗАКЦІЙ

This article focuses on the effectiveness of using cryptocurrencies as a means for international payments, with an emphasis on the analysis of cost, speed, and security of transactions. The aim of the study is to explore the potential of blockchain technologies to optimize international financial operations. This research considers the performance of cryptocurrencies in international payments, focusing on an analysis of cost, speed, and security of transactions, utilizing data from various sources and case studies. Blockchain technologiessuch as Ripple and Solana demonstrate high throughput, capable of processing up to 65,000 transactions per second (TPS).In comparison, traditional banking systems offer significantly lower processing speeds, withBitcoin handling around 7 TPS and Ethereum up to 15 TPS. The anticipated Ethereum 2.0 network upgrade projects an increase to 100,000 TPS, significantly enhancing their potential in international payments. Traditional banking transactions can incur fees of up to $50 USD, whereas blockchain networks can reduce costs to less than $0.01 per transaction. The implementation of distributed ledger technology could save up to $27 billion by 2030 on international transactions. According to research, the average cost of an international remittance is 6.4% of a $200 transaction, indicating the potential for significantsavingsthrough the adoption of cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrency payments are protected using cryptographic methods and decentralization, reducing the risks of fraud and attacks. By adhering to "privacy by default" principles, transaction confidentiality can be further enhanced, including generating new addresses for each transaction. Regular security audits and multi-factor authentication provide an additional layer of protection. It can be asserted that blockchain technology offers significant advantages in speed, cost, and security of transactions, which could radically transform the landscape of international trade and financial transfers. The practical significance of the research lies in identifying the potential of cryptocurrencies as a reliable, cost-effective, and secure tool for international payments, which may alter the global money transfer system.

Childlessness and sibling positioning in upward intergenerational support: Insights from Singapore

AbstractObjectiveThis brief report aims to explore the role of childlessness and its interaction with sibling positioning (i.e., birth order and gender) in upward intergenerational support within the context of Asian familial and patrilineal values.BackgroundDespite the increasing rates of childlessness in Asia, little is known about how childless individuals deviate from or adhere to the patrilineal gendered practices of supporting their older parents. Singapore, a rapidly aging nation that emphasises Confucian familism values and patrilineal practices in guiding its welfare policies, provides an ideal setting for this research investigation.MethodWe analysed a sample of 475 Singaporeans aged 50 and above with at least one living parent from a recent nationwide survey. We utilised multivariate regressions to examine the associations between childlessness and various types of upward intergenerational support, with further heterogeneity analyses based on sibling positioning.ResultsThe traditional patrilineal pattern of first‐born sons providing the most financial transfers to aging parents was found among non‐childless individuals. In contrast, all childless individuals, regardless of their birth order and gender, played a significant role in providing intergenerational support, particularly in instrumental and associational support, as well as maintaining geographical proximity to their parents.ConclusionChildless individuals in Singapore were found to shoulder the primary responsibility for supporting parents, thus upholding the values of filial piety and familism. Results further suggest that the rising prevalence of childlessness may contribute to the erosion of patrilineal norms in upward intergenerational support in Asia.

Acute stress reduces effortful prosocial behaviour.

Acute stress can change our cognition and emotions, but what specific consequences this has for human prosocial behaviour is unclear. Previous studies have mainly investigated prosociality with financial transfers in economic games and produced conflicting results. Yet a core feature of many types of prosocial behaviour is that they are effortful. We therefore examined how acute stress changes our willingness to exert effort that benefits others. Healthy male participants - half of whom were put under acute stress - made decisions whether to exert physical effort to gain money for themselves or another person. With this design, we could independently assess the effects of acute stress on prosocial, compared to self-benefitting, effortful behaviour. Compared to controls (n = 45), participants in the stress group (n = 46) chose to exert effort more often for self- than for other-benefitting rewards at a low level of effort. Additionally, the adverse effects of stress on prosocial effort were particularly pronounced in more selfish participants. Neuroimaging combined with computational modelling revealed a putative neural mechanism underlying these effects: more stressed participants showed increased activation to subjective value in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula when they themselves could benefit from their exerted effort relative to when someone else could. By using an effort-based task that better approximates real-life prosocial behaviour and incorporating trait differences in prosocial tendencies, our study provides important insights into how acute stress affects prosociality and its associated neural mechanisms.

Acute stress reduces effortful prosocial behaviour

Acute stress can change our cognition and emotions, but what specific consequences this has for human prosocial behaviour is unclear. Previous studies have mainly investigated prosociality with financial transfers in economic games and produced conflicting results. Yet a core feature of many types of prosocial behaviour is that they are effortful. We therefore examined how acute stress changes our willingness to exert effort that benefits others. Healthy male participants – half of whom were put under acute stress – made decisions whether to exert physical effort to gain money for themselves or another person. With this design, we could independently assess the effects of acute stress on prosocial, compared to self-benefitting, effortful behaviour. Compared to controls (n = 45), participants in the stress group (n = 46) chose to exert effort more often for self- than for other-benefitting rewards at a low level of effort. Additionally, the adverse effects of stress on prosocial effort were particularly pronounced in more selfish participants. Neuroimaging combined with computational modelling revealed a putative neural mechanism underlying these effects: more stressed participants showed increased activation to subjective value in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula when they themselves could benefit from their exerted effort relative to when someone else could. By using an effort-based task that better approximates real-life prosocial behaviour and incorporating trait differences in prosocial tendencies, our study provides important insights into how acute stress affects prosociality and its associated neural mechanisms.