Financial Sector Performance Research Articles

IMPACT OF FREE CASH FLOW ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM COMMERCIAL BANKS OF PAKISTAN

Free cash flows and financial performance is an area of interest for research especially in financial sector that plays a mediatory role between lenders and borrowers. Financial health of any economy depends upon the sustainability of banking sector that is based upon their sound and efficient financial performance. The link between free cash flows and financial performance of financial sector is empirically investigated in the study. Regression results of the study support that free cash flows have significant positive and negative impact on financial performance of banking sector during time frame 2011-2020. The banks having strong financial position are able to achieve competitive edge in the financial market. So managers at top position and policy makers should design strategies for efficient utilization of free cash flows that not only increases the financial performance but also contribute to stock holders’ wealth maximization. Keywords: Financial performance, Bank size, Return on equity, Return on asset, Agency problems.

Financial development and renewable energy consumption in Nigeria

Financial sector performance is increasingly linked with the transition to renewable energy in the sustainability discourse of developing economies. This paper examines the nexus and implication(s) of financial development on renewable energy consumption in Nigeria (the largest and most populous economy in Africa). Specifically, this study utilized the broad-based financial development index data to effectively address the multidimensional nature of financial development and the portion of renewable energy in total energy consumption as key variables, while other relevant pieces of information (growth rate of per capita GDP, foreign direct investment and consumer price index) were incorporated. The study employed a blend of the ADF test and Zivot-Andrew test to ascertain stationarity properties as well as the likelihood of structural breaks, while the ARDL was utilized to determine the long-run relationship(s) using data from 1981 to 2019. The study estimation finds, among other things, that financial development is critical for renewable energy consumption in Nigeria and recommends policies to promote better outcomes for the financial and energy sectors, respectively.

The financial sector structure and performance and its impact on the Mexican economy: a perspective from the Financial Social Accounting Matrix

ABSTRACT The study of the financial system, within the context of a Social Accounting Matrix, to identify its potential contribution to the economy and the linkages between the financial and productive sectors, is a topic barely explored, especially in emerging economies. This paper presents the construction of a Financial Social Accounting Matrix for the case of Mexico for the year 2013, using the Top-Down approach. It also presents an analytical tool through multipliers and impact simulations to understand the interconnection of income and expenditure transactions between sectors of the economy, into the intersectoral framework of financial sector flows and funds, identifying which sectors are creditors or debtors. We find that despite encouraging strategic sectors and allocating income to financial companies, the impact generated on other productive sectors is weak. Real estate services is the subsector that generates more monetary units for each exogenous monetary unit received. The methodology can be applied to assess the effects of impact simulations for planning policy, such as knowing the strategic sectors of the economy with greater linkages, and the possibility to assign and redirect financing to promote the consumption and investment capacity of both companies and households.

The Effect of Export Commodities Price Fluctuation on the Banking Sectors' Financial Performance of the Sub-Saharan African States

This study examines the impact of export commodity price fluctuation on the financial sector performance in some selected sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The objective is to determine how instability in export commodity prices transmit to banking sector performance indicators in the region. Essentially a longitudinal study is conducted by combing annual time series data (1996 – 2018) for 18 sub-Saharan Africa countries that are resource exporter sourced from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and World Bank database. The study adopts inferential, descriptive ex-post facto research design, using panel data covering the period 1996 to 2018 sourced from eighteen major primary commodity exporting countries in the sub-Saharan African states. Z-score to evaluate the probability of banking default. Oil price volatility is estimated using a GARCH data analysis framework in terms of mild volatility and intense volatility was applied to estimate the export commodity volatility while Z-score was used to profile the banking performance. It is found that intense commodity price fluctuations exert more debilitating effects on all banking sector performance indicators among the SSA countries with strongest effect of commodity price volatility on the banking sector performance being driven due to vulnerability of the banking sector. It is therefore recommended that banks evolve more efficient resilience mechanisms and that monetary and fiscal policy authorities should seek to enhance domestic capacity of the financial system to withstand domestic export commodity shock over time.

Evaluation of Turkish Factoring Company Performances Using TOPSIS Method

Most of the studies aiming to measure the financial performance of financial sector have handled banks, insurance companies, and pension companies. Factoring industry has been mostly neglected, although this industry is in an ascending trend in the World. The aim of this study is to evaluate the financial performance of Turkish factoring companies for the years between 2017 and 2019. This study also aims to be the first study, which examines all companies in the Turkish factoring industry, and to give an idea about sizes of those companies. For this purpose, TOPSIS method was implemented using equally weighted six criteria. The number of small companies in the best performing ten factoring companies was seven, five and six in 2019, 2018 and 2017 respectively. If the big and small companies are examined separately, it was observed that the number of companies owned by banks is increasing in the best performing ten big factoring companies. Since the number of factoring companies owned by banks is increasing in the best performing ten big factoring companies, small factoring companies should find ways to cooperate with banks if they desire to increase their size of operations.

Financial Management Practices and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Emerging Market

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of financial management practises on the performance of Nigerian deposit money banks (DMBs). The largest financial organisations listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange are DMBs. Financial management practises are intended to enhance banks' efficiency in financial intermediation and profit margins. Sector analysis may be used to determine the financial sector's performance and sustainability. Panel data were analysed in this research. The data for DMBs were analysed using appropriate statistical methods. In light of the conducted study, it can be concluded that financial management practises have an effect on bank performance in Nigeria. The research found that, given the industry's high level of competition and the need to perform financially, there is a need to create a strong and effective financial management strategy that ensures maximum return, increases firm share value, and maximises shareholder return.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm’s Financial Performance: Evidence from the Banking Industry of Pakistan

The present work examines the effects of corporate social responsibility on profitability (CSR) of banking sector of Pakistan. The existing literature mainly focused on manufacturing industry of developed countries, while this study investigating the impact of CSR on financial sector of Pakistan. Secondary data were collected from 15 different banks from their annual reports for the period 2007-2016. Furthermore, study used summary statistics and two step system GMM to analyse the impact of corporate social responsibility on the financial performance of banks and found significant positive impact of CSR on financial sector performance. Moreover, the present work also observe that banks with good history of CSR spends less at present as they have established good reputation in society. Our study provides important empirical insights for regulators and other key stakeholders especially State Bank of Pakistan and banking industry of Pakistan for improvement in firm performance and profitability.

Responsiveness of Service Sector Growth to Financial Development in Nigeria: Evidence from 1981-2019

Purpose: This paper explores the relationship between financial development and output of the service sector in Nigeria over the period 1981-2019. It presents an analysis of the long-run and short-run impacts of financial development on the performance growth of the service sector, as well as the cointegration between the variables. Approach/Methodology/Design: We test the time series for stationarity using Phillips-Perron and Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root tests. We adopt the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to analyze the relationship between financial development and service sector performance in Nigeria. Market capitalization, monetization ratio, and the ratio of credit to the private sector to GDP represent the indicators of financial development. Findings: The results of the study show that market capitalization and monetization ratio have significant positive impacts on service sector output, respectively. However, the effect of credit to the private sector on service sector performance is insignificant and negative. We find no cointegration among the investigated variables; while, the result of the error correction estimation indicates that it takes about two years to restore the long-run equilibrium after a deviation. In light of the findings made, this paper concludes that financial development exerts a significant positive effect on service sector performance in Nigeria. Practical Implications: This study is valuable at this period of economic uncertainties in Nigeria. With input from this paper, policymakers in the public sector via the formulation and implementation of effective policy measures such as fiscal measures can channel the benefits of financial sector development to the service sector to create an enabling business environment for the sector, especially as it concerns the provision of private credit to the sector. Originality/value: Based on literature review, this paper for the first time investigated the link between financial development and the performance of the service sector in Nigeria as defined by the CBN Statistical Bulletin 2019 edition.

Financial sector sustainability and performance – Policy Imperative for the monetary authorities'

PurposeThe objective of this study is to ascertain whether financial sector sustainability had any correlation with financial sector performance in Nigeria and recommend appropriate policy directions.Design/methodology/approachThe study selected four major Nigerian banks namely Zenith Bank Guaranty Bank United Bank for Africa and First Bank of Nigeria as its sample and covered 2010 to 2019. Secondary panel data were obtained from the published financial Statements of the banks and subjected to analytical techniques of panel unit root tests descriptive statistics panel least square and Co-integration statistical techniques at the 5% level of significance.FindingsThe findings revealed that the exogenous variables (SUST) have significant Impact on the endogenous variable (ROA, ROE) in the short-run but insignificant in the long run.Research limitations/implicationsThe period covered was limited to 10 years and has an African development focus with emphasis on West Africa, Nigeria. However, the implication could be general to most or all economic and financial landscape. It shows that there is a correlation between financial sector sustainability and return on assets and returns on equity.Practical implicationsMonetary authorities should develop applicable annual performance sustainability framework for all banks; and set performance targets, that will be measured and monitored by appropriate regulatory unit periodically.Social implicationsThe financial sector survival is directly related to its contribution towards the survival and development of its host community and operating environment.Originality/valueThis approach is novel in the sense that its approach is practical and measurable, which most research work have not focused on.

Macroeconomic and Public Health Policies amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Global Financial Sectors' Responses

Given the unprecedentedness and scale of the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact and effectiveness of fiscal, monetary, and public health policies in response to the pandemic are largely unknown. This paper aims at presenting empirical evidence on the response of the financial sector to fiscal, monetary, and public health policies implemented during the pandemic. Using random effect estimation with data from 40 economies, we find that the financial sector does not respond significantly to fiscal stimulus, the monetary policy relaxation during the pandemic also has less magnitude of impact, stricter physical containment measures are also found to be positively and significantly affect financial sector performance.

PERFORMANCE VARIABILITY OF STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES IN FINANCIAL SECTOR AND FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This study aims to provide empirical evidence related with financialsector performance and the development of fintech lending inIndonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of4 State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) in the financial sector and 149financial technology (fintech) companies registered in the FinancialServices Authority (OJK). This research used descriptive statistics.The results show that during the Covid-19 pandemic, theperformance of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in the financialsector and financial technology companies (fintech) has increased.However, the increase in the performance of State-OwnedEnterprises (SOEs) in the financial sector and financial technology(fintech) companies during pandemic was still below theperformance increase before the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Pada Sektor Keuangan (Tahun 2018-2019)

This study aims to determine whether the board of commissioners, independent commissioners, managerial ownership and company size have a significant effect on the performance of companies listed on the IDX. Using quantitative methods, namely primary data obtained, tested using descriptive statistical tests based on the description of the performance of financial sector companies The research population is the parties involved in companies listed on the Stock Exchange in financial sector companies. The sample used is as many as listed companies, the total sample for 2 years is 38 companies. Research test equipment with classical assumption test includes normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. The results of the study: (1) the Board of Commissioners (X1) has no significant effect on the company's performance, the t count variable X1 (0.842) is smaller than t table (2.03224) so the decision H1 is rejected. (2) independent commissioner (X2) has no significant effect on company performance, t count variable X2 (1.039) is smaller than t table (2.03224) then the decision H2 is rejected. (3) managerial ownership (X3) has no significant effect on company performance, t-count variable X3 (1,340) is smaller than t table (2,03224), so the decision H3 is rejected. (4) company size (X4) has a significant effect on company performance, t count variable X4 (3,849) is smaller than t table (2,03224) then the decision H4 is accepted.

Applying the breaks to non-performing loans in Ghana

PurposeThis paper acknowledges the rising levels of non-performing loans (NPLs) and the consequences associated with such patterns to an emerging economy like Ghana. In theory, one would expect rising NPLs to have a negative impact on an economy, especially regarding credit creation and private sector growth. This research, consistent with empirical literature, constructs a measure of financial market development to investigate its effect on Ghana's NPLs.Design/methodology/approachThe fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) econometric technique is used as a way of addressing common time series identification issues such as endogeneity and serial correlation.FindingsThe study finds that the growth of the financial market has a negative and statistically significant relationship with NPLs in Ghana. Therefore, building a stable financial sector is key to addressing Ghana’s rising rates of NPLs.Practical implicationsApplying the breaks to Ghana's NPLs would involve deepening credit and improving efficiency through good governance. The study suggests that such a mechanism would increase financial sector performance and reduce the growth risks arising from the industry.Originality/valueThe study analyzes the influence of financial market development on the quarterly growth of NPLs in Ghana. Most studies only focus on annual growth of NPLs.

Dissecting the Threshold Effects of Financial Deepening on Industrial Sector Performance in Nigeria

This study seeks to examine the relationship between financial deepening and industrial sector performance in Nigeria. It relied on the autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) technique, utilizing data obtained from the World Bank Development Indicators (WDI) between 1980 and 2018. The specific objectives of the study are to examine the impact of financial deepening on industrial growth, and compute the threshold of financial deepening index required to spur industrial growth to its optimum level. To achieve the above, the study built its theoretical framework on the supply-leading hypothesis. The results reveal that financial deepening index exerts a positive impact on industrial sector growth. Also, financial deepening threshold of 36.8% is required to spur industrial sector output to its equilibrium steady-state, beyond which industrial growth declines. Furthermore, the Granger causality test supports the bi-directional hypothesis, hence, the study concludes that government policies and programs should be focused at persuading financial institutions to grant more credit facilities to private investors in the industrial sector.
 JEL Classification: C5 G2 I6

CONVERGENCE OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ASEAN BASED ON PRIVATE CREDIT AND LIQUID LIABILITIES INDICATORS

The financial development gap for ASEAN countries is critical to analyze since the widening financial development gap will lead to underdeveloped financial sector performance. The concept considered appropriate to measure the gap of financial development is the sigma, and beta convergence approaches. Therefore, this study aims to measure, test, and analyze the convergence of sigma and beta financial development in ASEAN. The method used was the Generalized Moment Method (GMM) dynamic panel with 2010-2017. Results of the study showed that there is a convergence of sigma and beta financial development in ASEAN countries. The limitation of this study is that it only uses two indicators of financial development. The governments of each ASEAN country can improve the financial sector by reforming the financial sector to mitigate, improve, and encourage the development of the financial sector.
 Keywords: ASEAN, convergence, financial development, GMM

Is the fourth industrial revolution transforming the relationship between financial development and its determinants in emerging economies?

The fourth industrial revolution has been significantly affected by different economic sectors, including the financial sector. The financial sector has dramatically changed the way it works and hence, providing new opportunities to investors. The advancement of new technologies in information and communication has a strong association with financial sector performance, profitability, and development. This study examines the impact of technological innovation and natural resources on financial development across seven emerging economies (such as China, India, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Indonesia, and Turkey) from 1990 to 2017. The results of the cointegration test indicate that there is a long-run relationship between financial development and its determinants in all three models. The results further show that natural resources, technological innovation, income, human capital, and research and development (R&D) expenditures are important variables affecting financial development in the long run. We found that human capital strengthens the technological innovation led financial development nexus in E7 countries. In terms of implication, human capital, technological innovation, and continuous investment in R&D can shift the curse into a blessing by transferring natural resources into other productive sectors of the economy.

The Causality Relationship Between Financial Sector Profitability and the Botswana Economy

Previous research has lamented on both the importance and the symbiotic relationship between financial sector performance and the state of a country’s economy. Findings of these studies are generally in concert in that the performance of the financial sector is intertwined with macroeconomic indicators. There is, however, a difference in opinion on the precise nature of the relationship between these sets of variables. This difference of opinion has led to the development of three parallel strands of theory: demand-driven relationship; supply-driven relationship; and economic developmental stage. To the extent that an understanding of the precise nature of the relationship between these critical variables would promote economic growth, it was found imperative to investigate the phenomenon in the context of a developing economy. This paper examines the causal relationship between the financial sector index and GDP in Botswana. The study uses data over a period of 10 years (2003-2013). This study timeframe is significant because previous research does not incorporate the critical periods in financial markets history over which the global economy experienced the economic cycle of the boom years (2003-2006), followed by a recession (2007-2010) and finally the recovery period (2010 and beyond). This financial cycle provides a unique opportunity for new insights into how financial sector performance relates to the economy. The findings are suggestive of an existence of a stable long-run relationship between the financial sector and the economy. In addition, the results show that the economy granger-cause the financial sector index with no reverse causality observed. Policy implications of these findings are discussed in the paper.

Firm Capital Structure and Financial Sector Performance in Nigeria

This study employed the two-step systems GMM and fixed-effect model to examine the relative importance and explanatory power of six (6) variables in considering the capital structure of 36 non-financial companies listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange from 2008-2019. The study also examined the effect of the rule of law, institutional quality, macroeconomic management, financial sector performance, and accountability and corruption on firm capital structure. The findings of the study affirm' the theoretical underpinnings of the pecking order theory in Nigeria. The study finds that profitability and Liquidity ratios are negatively associated with debt ratios among non-financial firms in Nigeria. Firm size and tangibility of firm assets positively affect the debt ratio of these firms. The study also concludes that the rule of law, macroeconomic management, financial sector performance, accountability, and corruption indeed matter in determining firm financing mix in Nigeria. Indeed, the rule of law, financial sector rating, accountability, and corruption forms the fundamental basis for the enforcement of contracts, registration, and protection rights. The study provides evidence to the effect that these variables are critical for both equity and debt financing. This study adds to the existing literature as all the determinants used in the study are statistically significant in determining the capital structure of non-financial firms in Nigeria.

Highlighting Determinants of Financial Performance of the Jordanian Financial Sector: Panel Data Approach

This study was aimed at identifying the main determinants of financial performance in Jordanian financial sector over 2005-2016 periods. Profitability ratio (return on equity) was used as a proxy of financial performance measurement. Meanwhile, firms’ specific variables, macroeconomic variables and non-economic factors were used as explanation variables. Panel data set for four sub-sectors of financial sector over the above period were used. Pooled OLS, Fixed effect, random effects techniques with Heteroskedasticity and Serial Correlation Robust Standard Error estimation methods were employed. The empirical results showed that liquidity and leverage were the key determinants of financial performance while risk, macroeconomic factors and non-economic factors do not affect the financial performance of financial sector in Amman Stock Exchange. Therefore, the results conclude that financial performance is mainly driven by firm specific factors (company characteristics). Thus, a sound financial performance can be obtained by giving attention to firm specific variables.

A Nexus among Strategy Type, Market Orientation, Strategic Costing and Financial Sector Performance of Private Universities in Indonesia

This study aims to find empirical evidence of causal relationship between strategy type, market orientation, strategic management accounting (SMA) strategic costing technique, and financial sector performance of private universities in Indonesia. The research object in this study are private universities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Yogyakarta is chosen because universities there are one of the barometers of higher education in Indonesia, and the city has quite a number of universities. The respondents in this study are the leader (manager) of private universities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data analysis is done using SEM-PLS with WarpPLS 3.0 software. The results of this study show that market orientation has significant influence on the development and implementation of SMA strategic costing technique, while strategy type does not have significant influence on the development and implementation of SMA strategic costing technique. This study also finds that the implementation of SMA strategic costing technique significantly influences the financial sector performance of private universities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study provides theoretical implication regarding SMA development in universities that consider that contingency factors (market orientation) can encourage increased organizational performance. It indicates support for contingency theory that states there are no general principles that apply to all situations.