Financial Reporting Research Articles

The Influence of Intellectual Capital, GCG, and ROA on Bank Performance

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of Intellectual Capital, Good Corporate Governance (GCG), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on financial performance. This research adopts a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis. The theoretical foundation is established through a review of relevant literature from journal articles and books. The study utilizes numerical data derived from secondary sources, specifically financial reports obtained through the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The study population comprises Islamic commercial banks listed on the IDX from 2017 to 2022. Using a purposive sampling technique, 54 samples from 9 Islamic commercial banks were selected. Data analysis was conducted using EViews 10 software, applying the Random Effect Model (REM). The findings reveal that Intellectual Capital, GCG, and CAR significantly impact the financial performance of Islamic commercial banks listed on the IDX between 2017 and 2022. This study provides valuable insights into the financial health of banks, categorized into safe, gray, or distressed zones, thereby offering practical implications for Islamic commercial banks.

EFFECT OF TAX REVENUE ON EXPENDITURE ALLOCATION OF GOVERNMENT SECTORS IN SOUTHWEST STATE, NIGERIA

Taxation has been recognized as exerting a significant influence on government expenditures, which constitute a fundamental component of an economy, particularly in numerous developing and underdeveloped nations. Taxes stand out as the primary source of funding for government expenditures. The extent to which tax revenue affect expenditure allocation of government sectors in southwest state, has remained a subject of concern in the Nigerian context. Therefore the study examines the effect of tax revenue on expenditure allocation of government sectors in southwest state, Nigeria. The research design employed in this study is ex-post facto, and data were obtained from audited annual financial reports and budgets of the southwestern states governments spanning a period of forty years, from 1982 to 2022. The study encompassed all six states within the southwest region of Nigeria. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were utilized for analysis. Descriptive statistics, such as minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation values, were computed. Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDA) and Impulse Response Function (IRF), integral components of time series regression analysis, were employed to assess all study variables at a significance level of 5%. Regression analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of tax revenue on the allocation of government expenditures across various sectors in the southwest states of Nigeria. The study concluded that there is significant relationship between revenue and expenditure profile of state governments in southwest states, Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that government should explore avenues to diversify revenue sources beyond taxes.

EFFECT OF PAYE AND OTHER INTERNALLY GENERATED REVENUE TAXES ON EXPENDITURE OF GOVERNMENT IN SOUTHWEST STATE, NIGERIA

A tax is a compulsory charge on income, consumption and production imposed upon an individual, Partnership or companies by the government of a nation in order to fund various public expenditures. The intricate relationship between the collection of PAYE and other internally generated revenue taxes and the allocation of funds towards public services, infrastructure development, and social welfare programs poses a complex challenge. The study therefore examines the tax revenue and government expenditure in Southwest, Nigeria. The study adopts ex-post facto research design while data was sourced secondarily from the audited annual financial reports and budgets of southwestern states governments for the period of forty (40) years 1982-2022. The population of the study were the entire six (6) states of south west Nigeria. Analytical techniques used in the study involved both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics include minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation values. Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDA) and Impulse Response Function (IRF) as components of time series regression analysis was used in assessing all the study variables at 5% significant level. Regression analysis was used to examine the effect of PAYE and other internally generated revenue taxes on expenditure. The result of the regression analysis implies that four explanatory variables INT and COT were significant in explaining variation on the effect of PAYE and other internally generated revenue taxes on expenditure of government in southwest state with p values of (0.0202 and 0.0116). The study concludes that Pay AsYou Earn (PAYE) and other internal generated revenue taxes has significant effect to government expenditure in southwest states, Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends that Government in the southwestern states should develop and implement effective strategies to further boost revenue generation, especially from internal sources like Pay As You Earn (PAYE) and other internally generated taxes..

Analysis of financial performance of Sector 9 Companies: Trade, Services, and Investment listed on the LQ 45 Index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2022

This study aims to determine and analyze the financial performance of Sector 9 companies: Trade, Services, and Investment, listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2022. This research is quantitative descriptive, focusing on the calculation of data in the form of annual financial reports of manufacturing companies listed on the IDX. The data used is secondary, consisting of documents obtained from the official IDX website (www.idx.co.id). The study results indicate the following: 1) Based on the current ratio or liquidity, the financial performance of the IDX- listed companies in the sample shows good and significant coefficient values; 2) Based on the debt to equity ratio or solvency, the financial performance of the IDX- listed companies in the sample also indicates good and significant coefficient values; 3) Based on profitability, the financial performance of Sector 9 companies: Trade, Services, and Investment listed on the IDX in the sample show very good coefficient values.

EFFECT OF PAYE AND OTHER INTERNALLY GENERATED REVENUE TAXES ON EXPENDITURE OF GOVERNMENT IN SOUTHWEST STATE, NIGERIA

A tax is a compulsory charge on income, consumption and production imposed upon an individual, Partnership or companies by the government of a nation in order to fund various public expenditures. The intricate relationship between the collection of PAYE and other internally generated revenue taxes and the allocation of funds towards public services, infrastructure development, and social welfare programs poses a complex challenge. The study therefore examines the tax revenue and government expenditure in Southwest, Nigeria. The study adopts ex-post facto research design while data was sourced secondarily from the audited annual financial reports and budgets of southwestern states governments for the period of forty (40) years 1982-2022. The population of the study were the entire six (6) states of south west Nigeria. Analytical techniques used in the study involved both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics include minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation values. Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDA) and Impulse Response Function (IRF) as components of time series regression analysis was used in assessing all the study variables at 5% significant level. Regression analysis was used to examine the effect of PAYE and other internally generated revenue taxes on expenditure. The result of the regression analysis implies that four explanatory variables INT and COT were significant in explaining variation on the effect of PAYE and other internally generated revenue taxes on expenditure of government in southwest state with p values of (0.0202 and 0.0116). The study concludes that Pay AsYou Earn (PAYE) and other internal generated revenue taxes has significant effect to government expenditure in southwest states, Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends that Government in the southwestern states should develop and implement effective strategies to further boost revenue generation, especially from internal sources like Pay As You Earn (PAYE) and other internally generated taxes..

The Influence of Tax Avoidance and Tax Risk on Debt Costs in Property and Real Estate Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

This study aims to empirically test the effect of tax avoidance and tax risk on debt costs in property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research used a quantitative approach with secondary data in the form of financial reports presented by the company as a basis for collecting data. The population in this study were property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with reports that became research data for the period 2019-2022 with a total population of 91 companies. The sampling method used was purposive sampling with the criteria of companies that had been listed and had not experienced losses during the research year and there were 21 companies. This study uses Descriptive Statistical Tests, then Classical Assumption Tests, then continued with Hypothesis Tests. The results of this study indicate that tax avoidance has a positive and significant effect on debt costs, tax risk also has a significant negative effect on debt costs.

The Interconnectedness of Earnings Management, Corporate Governance Failures, and Global Economic Stability: A Critical Examination of the Impact of Earnings Manipulation on Financial Crises and Investor Trust in Global Markets

This study critically examines the interconnectedness of earnings management, corporate governance failures, and their impact on global economic stability and investor trust. Focusing on the Enron (1993–1995) and Wirecard (2015–2019) scandals, the research identifies key financial and governance indicators that contributed to these collapses, including CEO duality, weak board oversight, and manipulated financial reporting. Data for the analysis were drawn from corporate financial reports, macroeconomic indicators sourced from the World Bank, and stock market data from MarketWatch. Financial ratio assessments and regression models reveal a statistically significant negative relationship between GDP growth and abnormal returns for Enron (p = 0.014), while inflation had a strong positive impact on abnormal returns in both cases (p < 0.001). Time series analysis was applied to assess the macroeconomic consequences of corporate collapses on global financial markets. The findings demonstrate how declining GDP growth and rising inflation amplify market responses to governance failures. Recommendations include enhancing corporate governance frameworks, intensifying regulatory enforcement, and fostering global regulatory cooperation to safeguard financial markets and restore investor trust.

Assessment and management of costs for renewable energy investments in Zambia using a novel mixed method.

This paper investigates strategies for managing costs in low-CO2 renewable energy (RE) projects, with a focus on enhancing investment efficiency. The study develops a novel mixed-method framework that integrates Shapley rates, TOPSIS, and Pythagorean fuzzy (PF) DEMATEL to identify effective cost-control tactics. Data is sourced from financial reports, project records, and expert evaluations involving three managers from the energy sector with over two decades of experience in renewable energy investments and CO2 emission reduction. The framework's precision is tested through the VIKOR technique and sensitivity analysis, using five scenarios where the weighting outcomes of criteria are adjusted. Findings reveal that solar energy consistently offers the most cost-effective solutions, while consumer prioritization significantly improves the viability of wind energy investments. The results also emphasize the importance of workforce development in solar energy projects and collaborative cost-control strategies to enhance project success. The study recommends that investors focus on high- or low-level collaborative approaches for solar energy due to its lower associated costs compared to other options. These insights can guide policymakers and investors in optimizing renewable energy investments and enhancing collaboration to reduce CO2 emissions.

PENERAPAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PADA UMKM MELALUI DIGITAL MARKETING, INOVASI DAN PERHITUNGAN HPP PADA PADA UMKM ARMFOOD

This study aims to determine the obstacles and problems that occur in MSMEs in the city of Cimahi, the selected MSME is ARM Food. MSME ARM Food is engaged in the food sector. The problems that occur in this study are the need for a good marketing strategy, lack of innovation and financial management reports that are still unstructured. While the purpose of this study is to determine the development process in MSMEs using digital marketing ARM food, to determine the strategies that need to be implemented by MSMEs ARM food to follow products that are popular in the market, to determine the calculation of HPP in MSMEs ARM food. The digital marketing application of MSME ARM Food faces challenges in managing social media and has not been optimal in utilizing digital marketing capabilities.

Financial Performance Analysis of Energy Companies Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques: An Application in the BIST Electricity, Gas and Water Sector

Energy plays a vital role in the macroeconomic development of countries. The increase in energy consumption and the increase in the number of energy companies are among the basic dynamics of country development and growth. Enhancing the financial performance of companies operating in the energy sector strengthens the competitive power of countries at both national and international levels. In this context, this study aims to determine the financial performance rankings of companies operating in the energy sector in Turkey over a 10-year period, identifying the most successful and least successful periods over the years. Using data from energy sector companies listed on Borsa Istanbul (BIST) between 2013 and 2022, after determining the research criteria, the weights of these criteria were calculated using the Entropy method. Subsequently, considering the criteria weights, the performance rankings of energy companies were determined year by year using the MAIRCA method. According to the results of the Entropy analysis, when the importance level is evaluated, the most significant criterion in 2013 was the Liquidity Ratio (LR), in 2014, 2017, 2018, and 2019 it was the Gross Profit Growth (GPG) criterion, in 2015 it was the Current Ratio (CR) criterion, in 2016 and 2022 it was the Net Profit Growth (NPG) criterion, and in 2020 it was the Net Profit Growth (NPG) criterion. Finally, in 2021, the most important criterion was determined to be EBITDA Growth (EBG). Furthermore, based on the MAIRCA analysis, the reasons behind the most successful and least successful years of the companies were explained using financial and activity reports, as well as special situation disclosure notifications obtained from the Public Disclosure Platform (PDP).

Cracking the Book Value Mystery: Understanding Earning Per Share, Price Earning Ratio, and Operational Efficiency in IDX80 Enterprises Indonesia

Research Aims: This study aims to elucidate the determinants of book value by investigating the effects of earnings per share (EPS), price-to-earnings (PER) ratios, and operational efficiency among companies listed in the IDX80 index from 2021 to 2023. Design/methodology/approach: The research utilizes a quantitative approach with an explanatory design, analyzing secondary data from the financial reports of 80 companies. Variables like EPS, PER, BV, and NPM are assessed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method via SmartPLS to uncover their relationships in the Indonesian capital market. Research Findings: Key findings highlight the significant impact of EPS on share valuation reflected in book value (BV) and the mediating role of NPM in this relationship. The study underscores the complexity of using PER alone to evaluate company worth within the IDX80 index, emphasizing the need for further exploration to enhance investment strategies and financial decision-making. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study enhances understanding of equity valuation in Indonesia's capital market by analyzing how EPS, PER ratios, and operational efficiency influence companies in the IDX80 index from 2021 to 2023. It integrates theoretical frameworks like signalling theory and mediation via NPM, showing that EPS significantly impacts share valuation through NPM. The research underscores limitations of using PER exclusively to evaluate company worth, emphasizing the intricate nature of stock valuation in the IDX80 index. Future studies should delve deeper into these factors to improve investment strategies and financial decision-making.

Peranan Pengelolaan Keuangan sebagai Pertanggungjawaban dalam Pembelanjaan Dana Desa Sesuai Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah di Desa Bah Jambi III Kecamatan Tanah Jawa Kabupaten Simalungun

This study aims to identify and describe the Role of Financial Management as Accountability in Spending Village Funds According to Government Accounting Standards in Bah Jambi III Village, Tanah Jawa District, Simalungun Regency. Method The approach in this research is a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The data sources used are primary data obtained by interviews and direct observation and secondary data obtained from related documents. The research location is located in Bah Jambi III Village, Tanah Jawa District, Simalungun Regency. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The village financial management mechanism is regulated in Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages which explains that there are 5 cycles of financial management mechanisms, namely. planning, implementation, administration, reporting, accountability. (2) While the obstacles faced by the village government are low human resource capacity, disbursement of village funds, government. (3) In Application of Government Accounting Standards No. 01 in village financial accountability. Reporting and financial accountability have not implemented Government Accounting Standards No. 01, because the Financial Report for accountability made by Bah Jambi III Village

Determinant of Earnings Management Pre and Post PSAK 109 in Indonesian Banks

This study aims to determine the differences in Earnings Management and the effect of Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Audit Committee Competencies, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Nonperforming Loan (NPL) on Earnings Management proxied by Discretionary Loan Loss Provision (DLLP) pre and post-PSAK 109 implementation in Indonesian bank listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). This study uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression and Wilcoxon signed-rank test to test the hypothesis. The study used the period pre and post implementation of PSAK 109. We traced each bank's financial report listed on the IDX from 2017 to 2020 to anticipate early implementation. Using purposive sampling, we obtained 40 pre-PSAK 109 and 40 post-PSAK 109 bank samples. This study found no difference in earnings management pre and post-PSAK 109. Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, and Audit Committee Competencies do not affect Earnings Management pre and post-PSAK 109. NPL is positively related to Earnings Management pre and post-PSAK 109, and CAR is positively related to Earnings Management pre-PSAK 109 but has no effect on Earnings Management post-PSAK 109. This study provides additional information for standard setters and OJK regarding monitoring earnings management practices in banking pre and post-PSAK 109.

Value Assessing and Financial Reporting of Marine Resource Assets: Taking NB-ZS Maritime Space as a Case Study

Value Assessing and Financial Reporting of Marine Resource Assets: Taking NB-ZS Maritime Space as a Case Study

MEASURING THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE USING THE DUPONT SYSTEM

This research aims to analyze the influence of Return on Equity (ROE) on the stock prices of pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period from 2019 to 2022. The study employs a quantitative approach. Data collection is conducted through document analysis, involving the gathering of annual and quarterly financial reports of pharmaceutical companies listed on the IDX throughout the specified period. Relevant secondary data can also be obtained from credible alternative sources. The analytical method utilized is the DuPont System Analysis, breaking down ROE into its fundamental components such as Profit Margin, Asset Turnover, and Financial Leverage. The research findings indicate that ROE has a significant impact on stock prices.

The Role of Technology in The Transformation of Accounting Financial Audit Case Study of Blockchain Implementation in The Audit Process

With the increasing number of cyber attacks and data security breaches, the protection of financial information is becoming increasingly important. Conventional financial audit systems may not have adequate mechanisms to protect sensitive data from the rapidly evolving digital security threats. The aim of this research is to determine the role of technology, particularly blockchain technology, in transforming the financial audit process in accounting practice, and to understand the impact of implementing blockchain technology in the financial audit process on the efficiency, transparency, and accuracy of financial information. The research method used in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The results of this study indicate that the use of blockchain technology in financial audit practice provides an effective solution for improving the integrity, reliability, and quality of financial reports presented by companies. Keywords: technology, financial audit, blockchain

Financial Performance Analysis Of Uluway Village In Mengkendek Sub-District, Tana Toraja Regency For The 2018-2022 Period

The aim of this research is a descriptive quantitative type of research with the aim of analyzing the financial performance of Uluway Village, Kec. Mentengkan District. Tana Toraja. The sample used is financial report data for the Uluway village, subdistrict. Mengkedek District, Tana Toraja in 2018-2022. Data collection is carried out by observation and requesting financial reports. In this research, the data source used in data collection is secondary data. Research result The performance of the Uluway Village Government when viewed from the Regional Financial Independence Ratio during 2018-2022, can generally be said to be very low and includes an instructive relationship pattern. Based on the Regional Original Income Effectiveness Ratio during 2018-2022, in general, it can be said to be effective. Based on the Shopping Efficiency Ratio during 2018-2022, generally, it can be considered inefficient. If we look at the PADes Growth Ratio and Total Income Growth Ratio during 2018-2022, in general, it can be said that the PADes growth ratio and total income of Uluway Village is low. If we look at the Operating Expenditure Ratio, it is classified as quite good and the average value of the capital expenditure ratio is in the good category. This means that the Uluway Village Government in allocating its funds for capital expenditure is relatively good. This shows that the village government has paid attention to the use of its funds for village development

Why does the International Criminal Court Fail to End Impunity: An Analysis of ICC’s Operative and Structural Flaws

The International Criminal Court was established to end impunity while sentencing some of the worst criminals committing brutal mass murders. Facing doubts from critics regarding its effectiveness, it is only a matter of time before this court meets its end. Past research usually offers suggestions with a third party’s involvement, while this research focuses on empowering the court itself and its root causes: legal and operational flaws. Methods such as data analysis of the ICC’s financial report and past cases are utlized. These findings are later used to propose recommendations that ensure more effective communication between ASP and the ICC and amend the Rome Statute to grant the ICC more authority. The specific areas of flaws tested in this research can become valuable information for future research, while the ICC can consider the legal recommendations from this research as guidance for future actions.

THE INFLUENCE OF DEFERRED TAX EXPENSE, CAPITAL INTENSITY, LEVERAGE, AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON TAX AGGRESSIVENESS

The objective of this research is to determine how tax aggressiveness is affected by factors like as leverage, deferred tax cost, capital intensity, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The sample group for this study consists of manufacturing businesses that will be trading on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2019 and 2021. The 78 firms that made up the sample were researched over a period of three years using secondary data derived from financial and annual reports as well as purposeful sampling approaches. Multiple linear regression is the method used for analysis. According to the findings, tax aggressiveness is negatively affected by capital intensity and CSR. Leverage has a positive effect on tax aggressiveness. Then, deferred tax expense has no effect on tax aggressiveness.

Pengaruh Akuntabilitas dan Transparansi terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan pada Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Kabupaten Tebo

This research aims to determine the effect of accountability and transparency on the quality of financial reports at the Tebo Regency National Zakat Amil Agency (BAZNAS). This research uses quantitative methods. The analytical methods used are descriptive statistics, data quality testing, classical assumption tests, multiple linear tests and hypothesis testing. The data for this research are primary data and secondary data. The data collection technique used a questionnaire and the sample in this study was 32 amil who were tasked with managing zakat at the Tebo Regency National Zakat Amil Agency (BAZNAS) using a Purposive Sampling sampling technique. The results of this research show that the accountability variable partially has a significant effect on the quality of financial reports, and the transparency variable also partially has a significant effect on the quality of financial reports. And simultaneously the variables of accountability and transparency have a significant effect on the quality of financial reports at the Tebo Regency National Zakat Amil Agency (BAZNAS).