Financial Performance Of State-owned Enterprises Research Articles

Non-commercial goals and financial performance of state-owned enterprises – some evidence from the electricity sector in the EU countries

This study considers the financial performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in relation to non-commercial goals. We focus on enterprises operating in the production of electricity sector in the EU countries and analyse their profitability conditioning on the level of electricity prices. We reveal that SOEs underperform as compared to their privately owned counterparts when they operate in those markets that have lower prices. This suggests that their profitability is likely to be substantially affected by pursuing goals other than profit-maximisation - providing crucial products and services at affordable prices - and emphasises a need to consider the non-commercial objectives of SOEs in the empirical research.

Privatisasi dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) di Bursa Efek Indonesia

This research aims to determine the impact of privatization on the financial performance of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This type of research is comparative, data sources using secondary data with data collection techniques using documentation and literature studies.The population in this research is all State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) that have been privatized in IDX. The sampling method uses purposive sampling with 5 companies. Data analysis techniques using normality testing, independent sample T-test, and Wilcoxon test. The results showed that there was a difference in the financial performance of SOES after privatization was seen from the ratio of solvency, activity, and solvency with significance values of 0.030, 0.170, and 0.001. Whereas if viewed from the liquidity ratio, the privatization does not give the difference in the financial performance of the State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in IDX with a significance value of 0.088. This insulation also finds that privatization has a bad impact on the performance of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) from profitability and activity ratios, but has a good impact when viewed from the ratio of solvency and liquidity.

CEO Tenure, ESG Disclosure; Financial Performance; Sustainability Performance; Sustainability Reporting

Poor financial performance in some State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in the last decade have been at public’s concern. This study aims at analyzing the influence of capital contribution, asset growth, liqudity, and state ownership on financial performance of state-owned enterprises. The subject in this study is SOEs listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2015-2018. Eigthy samples were collected and analysed by using multiple regression analysis. The results of the statistical test shows that state ownership measured by percentage of shares owned by the government has a negative and significant effect on financial performance state-owned. Meanwhile other variables such as capital contribution, asset growth and liqudity have no effect on financial performance of state-owned enterprises. This indicates that SOEs with high government shares tend to have more external intervention than those with less Government shares. For the SOEs with high government shares, there is a strong need to be managed with more professional to have better financial performance.

Promoting or Inhibiting? The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Corporate Financial Performance-An Empirical Analysis Based on China.

Today, environmental protection has become a global issue, and various environmental regulations have been actively adopted. However, are these measures promoting or harming enterprise values? Is this effect the same for enterprises with different ownership backgrounds? In order to address these problems, we conducted an empirical analysis of China’s A-share market to investigate the relationship between the New Environmental Protection Law (NEPL) launched in China and corporate financial performance, and further explore the impact of environmental supervision intensity (ESI) from the perspective of ownership. The empirical results show that there is a negative correlation between NEPL and the financial performance of high pollution enterprises. Further analysis demonstrates that there is an inverted U-shape relationship between ESI and corporate financial performance for both state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs), while the financial performance of SOEs is more sensitive and tolerant to environmental regulation than that of non-SOEs. Finally, we make recommendations for the future direction of China’s ecological civilization construction and sustainable development of enterprises based on three aspects: environmental awareness, policy considerations, and sustainable development. The innovation of this paper lies in putting NEPL and corporate financial performance in the same analytical framework for the first time, which enriches the research in this field. Meanwhile, it provides a new perspective for understanding the relationship between ESI and corporate financial performance through the analysis of nonlinearity and owner heterogeneity.

Government assistance to state-owned enterprises: a hindrance to financial performance

This study aimed to examine whether government financial assistance influences the financial performance of state-owned enterprises. Commercial state-owned enterprises in South Africa that are listed under the Public Financial Management Act during the post-apartheid era from 1995 to 2017 were sampled. Government guarantees were measured as a dummy variable, while financial performance was measured by accounting measure: return on assets (ROA). Endogeneity issues were addressed, and data analysis was performed on an unbalanced panel using the two-step system GMM. The empirical evidence indicated that support by the government in the form of guarantees and subsidies has a significant negative effect on the financial performance of state-owned enterprises. This is an indication that continued government bailouts to poor performing state-owned enterprises exacerbates their poor financial performance and encourages these enterprises to become too reliant on government assistance, burdening the national fiscus. AcknowledgmentsThe author gratefully acknowledges the National Research Foundation of South Africa for the research grant and Dr Farai Kwenda for his supervision during the study.

The Scale and Financial Performance of State-Owned Enterprises in the CEE Region*

The paper aims to analyse state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in 11 post-socialist Central-Eastern European (CEE) countries. Based on the individual data of large non-financial companies, we estimated the real state share in the years 2014 and 2015. We consider both direct and indirect state ownership and apply an explicit classification of companies as majority and minority state-owned, which is neglected in a lot of research. The countries with the highest values of the ‘Country SOE index’ were Slovenia and Latvia, while the lowest were Lithuania and Hungary. State ownership is dominant in transportation and storage and energy supply. The lower return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and return on capital employed (ROCE) ratios of SOEs imply that capital in this group of companies is used less efficiently. Furthermore, they are characterised by higher wage costs. At the same time, SOEs have higher earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) margins and better ability to turn operating revenue into cash than their privately-owned counterparts.

Penyertaan Modal Negara Pertumbuhan Aset Dan Kinerja Badan Usaha Milik Negara

This study aims to examine whether State capital participation (PMN) and asset growth will affect the financial performance of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in the year the addition of State capital participation. In addition, this study also examines whether PMN influences asset growth to see whether additional PMN provided by the Central Government is used to increase fixed assets in order to increase SOEs revenues. This research is a quantitative study using SOEs data in the form of a limited liability company (PT) that received PMN from 2014 to 2017. Research shows that PMN and asset growth jointly affect the performance of SOEs, but partially do not affect the performance of SOEs. In addition, PMN given by the Central Government also does not affect the growth of SOEs assets. This research can be an input for the Central Government to oversee the management of SOEs and is expected to assist the Central Government in determining which SOEs will be given additional PMN annually.
 Keywords: Asset growth, state capital participation, financial performance, state-owned enterprises.

From design to action: Papua New Guinea’s latest state-owned enterprise policy

This article addresses policy developments concerning the structure, operation and performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Papua New Guinea. Of particular significance are reforms since 2014 which have highlighted important tensions between the country’s constitutional imperative of self-reliance and governance initiatives aimed at ensuring SOEs have a considerable degree of operational autonomy suited to their commercial objectives. The result of the reforms is a confused and contradictory set of institutional arrangements that have increased rather than reduced the possibility of direct political control over SOEs. While there are efforts to operate SOEs as efficiently as possible within current constraints, the political will to implement those parts of the reforms that have the greatest likelihood of improving the financial performance of SOEs appears to be lacking.

Financial performance of state-owned enterprises

Croatia is one of European countries whose share of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in GDP is exceptionally high. Such companies are present across all economic sectors and their share in budget revenue is inconsiderable due to poor financial operations. The aim of this paper is to determine the financial performance of state-owned enterprises and draw attention to issues arising from the way their business operations are monitored. Given the statistical discrepancies in data, this analysis focuses mostly on the 2008 – 2016 period. The primary sources of the data used herein are the Financial Agency (Fina), the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of State Property.

Corporate governance, privatisation, and financial performance of Indonesian state-owned enterprises

This study aimed to investigate the effect of corporate governance (CG) to state-owned enterprises (SOEs) performance before and after privatisation. The data consisted of primary data obtained through questionnaires, followed by focus group, and secondary data sourced from published annual reports of SOEs. This research gathered 94 observations of firm-year of SOEs listed in Indonesia. Multiple linear regression was employed to analyse the effect of the CG index on the financial performance, and paired sample t-test to test the performance before and after privatisation. The result shows that the CG index has a positive effect on the financial performance of SOEs. Furthermore, SOEs exhibited improved financial performance after privatisation. Accordingly, the government of Indonesia should selectively choose SOEs for privatisation to achieve the optimum results of privatisation in accordance with the priorities imposed by the government as the primary owner.

Financial Performance of State-owned Enterprises Listed as a Whole: An Empirical Analysis

This article chose 19 state-owned enterprises which were listed as a whole during 2004-2013, using factor analysis to compare financial performance of them among the year before holistic listing, the year of holistic listing and the year after holistic listing. The result revealed that holistic listing is not panacea for state-owned enterprises to improve their financial performance. Besides holistic listing, the enterprises should improve their corporate governance and management efficiency as well.

Determinants of financial reporting quality and its implications on the financial performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs)

This research aimed at analyzing the influence of the size of the board of directors, the composition of the independent commissioners, the effectiveness of audit committee and government ownership of the financial reporting quality and its implications on the financial performance of state-owned enterprises. Research population is state-owned enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2010-2014. There were 50 companies assigned as the sample of this research by using purposive sampling method. The results showed that partially, the size of the board of director, the composition of the independent commissioners and government ownership did not have the significant influence on financial reporting quality. The effectiveness of audit committee positively and significantly influenced financial reporting quality. The size of the board of directors, the effectiveness of the audit committee and financial reporting quality positively and significantly influenced financial performance. The composition of an independent commissioner and government ownership negatively and significantly influenced financial performance

Republic of Congo: 2010 Article IV Consultation and Fourth Review Under the Three-Year Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility, and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria�Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Public Information Notice and Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of Congo.

In this study, economic performance remained robust throughout the global downturn, and shows signs of further strengthening. In 2010, the external position improved significantly, as fiscal surpluses raised official foreign assets, and the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief significantly reduced external liabilities. Macroeconomic stability is well established, and the external position has improved. Private sector development has reduced oil dependence and is assuring sustained poverty-reducing growth. Efforts should be supported by policies to increase the private sector’s access to credit, and deepen financial intermediation to improve the financial performance of state-owned enterprises.

The Multitask Theory of State Enterprise Reform: Empirical Evidence from China

The degree of state ownership remains significant in the Chinese economy despite more than two decades of economic reform since 1979. Most of the remaining state- owned enterprises (SOEs) are money losing, and the few exceptional ones tend to be sheltered by government protection in selected industries. Yet China has been enjoying one of the most spectacular growth experiences in world history, and much of the growth is driven by non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs). Given the poor financial performance of SOEs, the co-existence of state ownership and non-state ownership in China is a puzzling phenomenon. Does state ownership exist solely for the benefit of politicians, or has state ownership played any role in China's spectacular growth? Is there any rationale behind China's gradual and selective approach towards privatizing its SOEs? What types of SOEs does the Chinese government choose to privatize? What are the consequences of privatization? In this paper, we offer a multitask theory of SOE reform in the context of China, which has predictions about the types of SOEs to be chosen for privatization and the results of privatization. We then present empirical evidence supporting the basic premise of the theory and its predictions.

The Evolution of Enterprise Reform in Africa: From State-Owned Enterprises to Private Participation in Infrastructure - and Back?

Many African state-owned enterprises (SOEs), particularly those in infrastructure, have a long history of poor performance. From the outset, SOE financial and economic performance generally failed to meet the expectations of their creators and funders. By the late 1970s, the situation was alarming, and by early 1980s, critical. The poor financial performance of SOEs became so burdensome to government budgets that it attracted the attention of the international financial institutions, or IFIs. In response, in the 1980s, the World Bank approved SOE reforms that could be summed up in the term commercialization. By the mid-1990s, however, the idea of making SOEs function efficiently and effectively under government management was largely abandoned by the IFIs and privatization and private participation in infrastructure, or PPI became the order of the day. Once more, however, the results were disappointing. PPI has not been as widely adopted as anticipated, nor has it generated the massive resources and changes hoped for, nor has it been widely accepted as beneficial by the African public. The findings of recent studies in Africa suggest that PPI should not be jettisoned, and that the more productive path is to recognize the limitations of the approach, and to work harder at creating the conditions needed to make it function effectively. This will entail, as many have recognized, an end to the view that public and private infrastructure provision is a dichotomy - a case of either-or, one or the other - and a better appreciation of the extent to which the performance of each is dependent on the competence of the other. In other words, for the private sector to perform well, public sector capacity must be enhanced. Moreover, proposed tactics of reform should fit more closely with the expectations and sentiments of the affected government, consumer base, and general population. This broader approach implies, probably, a reduction in the scope and, certainly, a reduction in the planned speed of operations. Improving infrastructure performance is a long-term matter.

The impact of the corporatization process on the financial performance of Canadian state‐owned enterprises

State‐owned enterprises (SOEs) have been described as being inefficient and losing money. The theories pretend that private property rights will solve the problem. In practice, SOEs are reorganized to follow the model of the private firm, a period known as the public sector corporatization. One critical element of this reform is an important modification of the mission of the firm away from social and toward profitability goals. Most SOEs become profit‐seeking organizations. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the corporatization process on the financial performance of SOEs. From the Financial Post 500, we selected the largest SOEs in Canada. For each firm, the critical year of the mandate revision has been set as the beginning of the corporatization period. We covered the years between 1976 and 1996. The performance is measured from a multi‐criteria approach including measures of profitability and productivity. The results suggest that the financial performance of SOEs improves significantly when firms are corporatized. Therefore, the main difference in the financial performance is caused by the difference in the objectives of the firm, not the property or some dubious political activities.