Financial Methods Research Articles

Risk Prediction and Prevention Strategies Used by the Financial Industry Are Supported by Artificial Intelligence Technologies

With the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data technology, traditional financial management faces challenges in meeting modern needs. China's financial sector, although late to start, is embracing AI to mitigate risks like business and credit risks. This study explores risk prediction and avoidance methods in finance using AI. It employs elementary catastrophe theory to analyze dynamic system discontinuity, identifying high-risk periods when the calculated financial stress index (FSI) exceeds 1. Each unit increase in FSI affects its lag period by 0.7327 units. Macro-economic pressure, reflected in the macroeconomic pressure index (MSI), significantly impacts FSI, with the current period having a more pronounced effect than the lag period. Financial institutions must evolve talent into hybrid professionals and invest in AI to enhance risk management while pursuing profitability.

FEATURES OF THE MODERN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The article examines different approaches to the essence of the concepts of «management», «health care management», etc., based on which the interpretation of the concept of «health care management» is proposed. Conceptualization of the content of the terms «management» and «administration» is of great importance for the development of the conceptual and categorical apparatus not only of the theory of management and science in general, but also of modern branch theories. The variety of approaches is caused by the conditions of functioning of modern management systems in the field of health care, which is caused by the continuation of the reformation of the management system of the industry, the addition of the legal framework, the search for sources of financing, personnel support, and the development of infrastructure in most modern states. The article analyzes the object and subject of health care management as mandatory components of the structure of the health care system. The content of the main functions and methods of management in the field of health care is revealed. The interrelationship of functions and methods depending on the level of management and the applied model of organization of the health care system is analyzed. It is emphasized that the presence of different types of health care models depends not only on the method of financing and management, but also on the conformity of this model to the cultural, economic and social characteristics of the nation and the state. It is indicated that modern states, which continue the process of reforming the health care sector, can use the best practices of each of the presented models to create an effective and accessible system of medical care, capable of responding to modern challenges, with an effective management system. It has been established that the management system of the health care sector should be based on a number of scientific approaches that will allow taking into account all factors of the internal and external environment. It has been proven that the need to form an optimal management system is an important element of transformational processes in the field of health care. Today, the field of health care should be aimed at developing the capacity of health care institutions to meet the established quality standards, offer a favorable environment for the activities of medical workers, and meet the existing needs of citizens.

Financing mode decision of characteristic tourist town based on improved G1 and Z-number-TOPSIS: the Chinese case

PurposeThe objective is to address financing challenges with an innovative technical approach and provide financial support to facilitate the sustainable development of characteristic tourist towns.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a novel decision model is proposed, which utilizes the CRITIC improved G1 weighting method to analyze financing factors and applies GRA to enhance the TOPSIS model under a Z-Number fuzzy environment. Finally, sensitivity analysis and comparative assessment were conducted to validate the findings and the model.FindingsThe findings indicate that equity financing is the optimal mode of financing for characteristic tourist towns, with bond financing serving as a viable alternative. Key factors influencing financing include economic benefit, social benefit and policy risk. Managers should carefully consider these factors when selecting financing methods in order to enhance efficiency and mitigate risks.Originality/valueAs a new business model and value creation method of cultural and tourism integration, the financing decision of a characteristic tourism town has always been the key to the overall promotion and operation. The research constructs a financing index system for characteristic tourism towns based on benefit and risk considerations, using the hot spring town in Anhui Province, China, as a case study to evaluate eight financing models.

Vnímanie vybraných možností financovania v start-upoch a korporáciách generáciou Z

The current generation of young people is growing up in an era that is strongly influenced by digital technologies and the Internet, characterized by fears of stereotypes, but also by flexibility, non-conflict and temporary work. From this point of view, regular work in a company can appear undynamic, and starting one's own business is becoming more and more popular. The characteristics of generation Z can also greatly influence the perception of ways of financing businesses and the resulting form of business itself. The presented scientific article is focused on the perception of selected methods of financing, which fundamentally differ in start-ups and in other types of business. The aim of the article is, based on a questionnaire survey, to analyze and compare the perception of selected methods of financing in companies by generation Z with regard to the financing of start-ups. The results assume the differentiation of the preferences of generation Z in individual areas and the determination of whether this generation is more inclined to traditional or alternative or risky forms of financing.

PAID PUBLICATION IN THE HAC JOURNAL: A REAL PRACTICE OR A SCOURGE OF MODERN SOCIETY?

Introduction: The article is devoted to a controversial issue regarding the ethical side of the paid publication of a scientific article in journals included in the list of the Higher Attestation Commission. It is shown that the popularity of paid publications of the Higher Attestation Commission is due to an increase in the number of mandatory publications for all categories of scientists and researchers, which contributes to the active development of commercial publications publishing scientific articles on a paid basis. The ethical problem lies in the fact that publication fees can lead to a situation where the importance of research is determined not by the quality of a scientific article, but by the financial capabilities of the authors. Methods: The article uses methods of analysis, comparison, generalization and scientific understanding. Results: As a result, it was concluded that the fee for publication in the journals of the Higher Attestation Commission is becoming more commonplace than an unnatural phenomenon, since the requirement for mandatory free publications of the Higher Attestation Commission for such a category of students as graduate students was abolished back in 2013. Consequently, authors have a free choice as to whether to publish on a commercial or non–commercial basis. However, since the requirements for articles from non-profit publications are quite high, in some cases it is not possible to publish the required number of articles in free journals. In this regard, contacting commercial scientific publications recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission is justified. Available data: No available data. Discussion: The key criteria for deciding on the possibility of submitting a manuscript, from the author's point of view, are the requirements for the quality of research and the objectivity of peer review in the planned publication of the Higher Attestation Commission, and not the method of financing.

Typology of esports crowdfunding investors

PurposeOnline fundraising has become a rapidly growing alternative business financing method for esports. Despite this, a lack of attention has been given to its fans' motivations for participating in crowdfunding (CF) projects or behavioral intentions for spectatorship. To address this, the present study (1) categorizes esport CF investors' motivations based on the big five personality traits and (2) compares whether motivations and behavioral intentions for esports spectatorships vary depending on each group.Design/methodology/approachWe applied K-means clustering analysis to classify investors. ANOVA was used to verify whether there were differences in CF motivations and behavioral intentions.FindingsThe study identified six distinct investor segments. Overall, esports CF investors showed high agreeableness and conscientiousness with low neuroticism. Fanatic fans were the most motivated and had the highest spectatorship intentions, driven by strong openness. In contrast, recognition seekers and charity donors exhibited the lowest viewing intentions. Entertainment seekers were highly motivated by excitement and aesthetics, linking CF participation to a strong desire to watch events. Despite higher neuroticism, reward hunters also showed significant viewing intentions, driven by drama and aesthetics. These findings highlight the diverse motivations and their influence on esports spectatorship.Originality/valueThis study investigates the motivations and behavioral intentions of CF investors and spectatorship, which has substantive theoretical and managerial implications for the business of esports.

Theoretical model for predicting survival of quantity surveying firms in Nigeria

Firms are susceptible to environmental changes like national economic instability, which affects their survival. Consequently, firms need to ascertain their tendency to survive the challenges of the environment. Therefore, this study investigated the factors influencing the failure of quantity surveying consultancy firms and proposes a survival tendency model that allows decision-makers to assess their propensity to withstand economic downturns. Through observational research, QS firms were studied for 10 years (2010 to 2020) which typifies the economic contraction phase in Nigeria. Archival and qualitative data were obtained from 130 QS firms and Cox regression was adopted to analyse the data. The results revealed that 43% of QS firms failed during the economic downturn due to external loans obtained for their operations. Furthermore, purchasing new software/technologies and employing more staff increases the probability of failure while research and development, diversification, and maintaining the number of partners reduce likelihood of failure. A model was proposed for QS firms to ascertain their survival during economic downturns using the significant predictor (i.e. method of financing). This study, thus, recommends that managers of QS firms should finance their operations using savings from professional fees and profits. They should also decide on strategies that can be implemented to survive economic crises.

Financing Risks and Preventive Measures for E-Commerce Corporates

The e-commerce industry has achieved tremendous development in the past decade. However, in this rapid development process, there are some problems that have caused huge hidden dangers, and financing is the most important one among them. Therefore, the topic of this article is the dangers and prevention methods of e-commerce corporations under different financing methods. The method of this paper is as follows: first, segment the financing models of e-commerce corporates, then combine the financing situation of several well-known e-commerce corporates in China, analyze relevant data, and discuss the possible problems under these financing models separately. The research shows that the short-term debt payment risk, financial leverage risk and investment decision risk are the major risks that have influences on the firms’ financing, and the first two have a greater impact. To resolve these dangers, e-commerce firms can adjust debt structure, diversify financing channels and establish a sound risk prevention mechanism.

Аналіз основних структурних елементів та показників діяльності системи охорони здоров’я україни

The article analyzes the performance indicators of the health care system for the period 2010-2019. The analysis and characterization of the main indicators of the health care system for the period 2010-2019 allowed the author to conclude that the existing infrastructure of the industry is still quite cumbersome, characterized by the dominance of specialized and inpatient medical care and the irrational use of the potential of outpatient polyclinic institutions. According to the main criteria, such as the relationship of property rights, methods of financing, the role of the state in the management of the industry, and mechanisms for stimulating medical workers and consumers of services, the domestic health care system still has signs of the Semashko`s model, which does not meet modern requirements regarding the need to use high-value medical technologies and is unable to provide high-quality medical services. The main criteria for the classification of healthcare systems are identified and the affiliation of the healthcare system of Ukraine to one of the models of medical systems has been identified. Approaches to creating a system of hospital districts in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine are characterized. It was determined that the main tool for reforming the national health care system is the creation of hospital districts, which will ensure the provision of higher quality medical services and significantly reduce the costs of maintaining the medical infrastructure in Ukraine. At the same time, one notes that strategic planning at all levels of the national health care system should be the leading technology for the formation of an effective system of medical institutions. Keywords: health care system, system of medical institutions, models of medical systems, hospital district, hospital cluster.

Current paradigm of corporate governance and determinants of share issuance by Mexican companies

This research analyzed the issuance of shares by all Mexican companies that were listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (MSE) during the 2012–2022 period to determine if they continue to maintain the paradigm of corporate control through ownership of the highest percentage of shares among family members and their close circles. Additionally, the extent to which the variables of company age, sales level, and business sector are determinants of using the issuance of shares as a source of financing was evaluated. The methodology applied included a comprehensive analysis of the percentage of issuance of new shares, a Pearson’s correlational analysis, a simple linear regression, a linear binomial analysis, and the ANOVA model. The results showed that although a few MSE companies have begun to issue shares, the level of issuance is still lower and does not constitute evidence of a paradigm change. Concerning the variables of age, sales, and business sector, it was found that there is insufficient evidence that these variables are determinants of MSE companies that issue shares as a financing method.

Advancing credit risk assessment and financial decision-making: Integrating modern techniques and insights

Credit risk assessment and fraud detection are critical functions in the financial industry, necessary for ensuring the stability and integrity of financial institutions. Traditional approaches often struggle to accurately assess risk and detect fraudulent activities in a timely manner. However, the rise of machine learning has introduced powerful tools that leverage large datasets and advanced algorithms to improve these processes. This research paper investigates the application of machine learning techniques in credit risk assessment and fraud detection within financial transactions. The paper begins by emphasizing the importance of accurate risk assessment and fraud detection in the financial sector and introduces machine learning as a solution to the limitations of traditional methods. A thorough literature review examines existing methodologies, algorithms, and trends, highlighting the advancements in this field. The discussion covers data acquisition and preprocessing techniques, underscoring the necessity of clean and relevant data for effective model training. Additionally, feature engineering strategies are explored to extract valuable insights from financial transaction data, enhancing the predictive power of machine learning models. The research analyzes various machine learning algorithms, such as logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, support vector machines, and neural networks, as well as ensemble methods. Model evaluation metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and ROC-AUC, are employed to assess the performance of these algorithms. The paper presents case studies and experimental results to demonstrate the practical application of machine learning models in real-world scenarios, showcasing their effectiveness in improving credit risk assessment and fraud detection. Furthermore, the research explores challenges such as imbalanced datasets, model interpretability, and regulatory compliance, offering insights into potential solutions and future research directions. The integration of behavioral finance, Bayesian networks, and optimization methods is also discussed, highlighting how these modern approaches, combined with big data analytics, can enhance predictive accuracy and decision reliability. In conclusion, this research underscores the transformative potential of machine learning in credit risk assessment and fraud detection within financial transactions. By adopting advanced algorithms and data-driven approaches, financial institutions can significantly improve their risk management strategies, mitigate potential risks, and protect against fraudulent activities. This ultimately contributes to a more secure and resilient financial ecosystem, enabling institutions to maintain a competitive edge in an ever-evolving market.

When crowdfunding meets bank financing: Substitute or supplement?

Crowdfunding is a new financing method that is widely utilized by startup firms to substitute or complement bank loans. We consider the optimal financing problem for a profit-maximizing startup firm, given that both the crowdfunding demand and retail market demand are uncertain and correlated. We find four types of financing strategies: single-source (crowdfunding only) and dual-source (crowdfunding and bank loan) financing, with prudent or aggressive goal-setting in crowdfunding. The four strategies each can be optimal for a specific parameter range with respect to the uncertainty ratio of crowdfunding and retail markets and the cost of crowdfunding. Upon deriving optimal strategies, we analyze comparative statics for the strategies and optimal profits. We show that, among other interesting results, market expansion (through either crowdfunding or the retail market) always calls for a higher crowdfunding goal but may raise or reduce the optimal bank loan depending on which market expands, and market expansion generally increases optimal profit except when the crowdfunding market grows too large which intensifies the overfinancing risk. Moreover, a high correlation between crowdfunding and the retail market does not necessarily favor the use of crowdfunding capital, nor does it always increase profits, and the impacts must be co-examined with the underfinancing and overfinancing risks.

The impact of digital financial inclusion on bank performance: An exploration of mechanisms of action and heterogeneity.

The use of digital technology by banks and other financial institutions to facilitate financial inclusion is referred to as digital financial inclusion. This fusion of digital finance and traditional banking methods has the potential to impact banks' operational effectiveness. This study uses the panel effects model to examine the link between digital financial inclusion and bank performance in 30 Chinese provinces from 2012 to 2021. This research uses kernel density estimation to examine the spatial-temporal growth patterns of both variables. The mediator variable in examining how digital financial inclusion affects bank performance is risk-taking. Finally, the paper analyses the regional heterogeneity of the impact. It presents the following conclusions: (1) In China, digital financial inclusion and bank performance have constantly increased, with noticeable regional variances in their development levels. This regional inequality has widened gradually since 2018, yet it has not resulted in polarization. (2) The significant positive correlation between digital inclusive finance and banking performance indicates that banking performance tends to increase with the enhancement of digital inclusive finance. (3) Digital financial inclusion impacts bank performance, with risk-taking as a moderator. The spread of digital financial inclusion services enhances banks' willingness to take risks, enhancing overall efficiency. (4) Digital financial inclusion boosts bank performance in the Northwest, South, North, and East regions while lightly inhibiting it in the Central region. Based on the findings, this study makes bank and government suggestions.

A fuzzy approach to environmental scanning (ES) of multi-factor bottlenecks to renewable rural energy sustainability in Nepal

ABSTRACT Due to the prevalence of traditional fuels and the increasing awareness of their negative effects on sustainability, policymakers and government authorities in Nepal have been compelled to transition towards promoting the adoption of clean energy. Nevertheless, as a result of numerous obstacles, the rate of renewable energy utilization has remained sluggish. Therefore, the country’s policymakers must become acquainted with the factors that impede the progress of renewable energy. The objective is to pinpoint the constraints, restrictions, and barriers that hinder the advancement of renewable energy access to rural communities in Nepal. The current study used the Delphi Technique of Environmental Scanning to identify the barriers impeding the adoption of renewable energy. In addition, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed to redefine categories of bottlenecks depending on the direction of the factors in the context of Nepal. Ultimately, the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (FAHP) has been employed to determine the priority of distinct bottlenecks of clean energy development. The study suggests that Nepal’s advancement in sustainable energy is hindered by financial obstacles, primarily due to the significant initial investment, which accounts for 19% of the challenges, and the lack of effective fiscal incentives provided by the government to developers and users, which accounts for 10.6% of the challenges. The research identified many contributory reasons, including the function of regulatory organizations (6.4%), inadequate political commitments (6%), inefficient existing energy policy (5%), and poor public knowledge (5%). To promote the development of sustainable energy sources in rural areas, it is crucial to implement economic incentives, provide financial support, establish partnerships between the public and private sectors, and utilize innovative financing methods such as green bonds, crowdfunding, and carbon financing. Additionally, it is necessary to increase political commitments to amend existing renewable energy policies in the country.

Research on the Role of Platform Economy in Credit for Small and Micro Enterprises - A Case Study of Alibaba

In the financial market, the financing needs of the micro-economy are concentrated at the long tail, and its development has always been a focus of social attention. In recent years, China has made significant efforts to address the financing challenges faced by small and micro enterprises. Despite these efforts, the financial support allocated to these enterprises remains disproportionate to their economic contributions. Unlike large and medium-sized enterprises, small and micro enterprises (SMEs) still struggle to obtain adequate financial resources, highlighting the incomplete coverage of the current Chinese financial system. As a result, these enterprises continue to encounter difficulties in securing necessary funding. Fintech can help these enterprises choose financing platforms and methods that match their development, enrich their financing channels, improve the loan issuance efficiency of financial institutions, precisely support their development, and ensure that the interests of stakeholders are realized. The report from the 20th National Congress emphasized the importance of establishing a supportive environment for the advancement of technology-driven SMEs. It also advocated for fostering the growth of specialized and innovative companies. This initiative sends a clear signal encouraging SMEs to innovate independently, which will undoubtedly have an important and far-reaching positive impact. However, SMEs are financially fragile, with prominent contradictions between their financing needs and the financial supply side. The integration of finance and technology has changed the operational mechanism of the financial industry. Fintech companies, through the application of emerging technologies, have expanded their business scope to long-tail small and micro clients, bringing new platforms for financing to these enterprises. This paper studies the case of Alibaba’s “Digital Hybrid Trade Show” initiative to further explore how fintech can be more effectively applied to the financing of SMEs, thereby aiding their stable and healthy development.

An Investigation into the Models for Financing Renewable Energy Production in Low-Income Settlements in Gauteng, South Africa: A Review

South Africa faces a lack of reliable, modern electricity, essential for economic and social development. Many communities in Gauteng, particularly rural, informal settlements, are not connected to the national grid, leaving 39 percent of the province's residents in darkness and relying on paraffin and gas to survive the cold winters. In addition, these two components increase the number of dead fires in unofficial regulation and the price of electricity camps, increasing the load on the poor. In this study, we surveyed existing literature on the affordable funding model of renewable energy sources, collected primary data in structured industry interviews and stakeholders. This research focused on this survey, focusing on domestic recurring models and analysing the appropriate financing model and financial exhibition source project funding, green finance, public, private partnership, Government subsidies and private investors also instruct foreign investors. Financial procurement model is mixed. In this study, we have developed a framework that allows representatives to link to the outlook of financiers and decision -making, using a mixed methodology approach, and allows you to allow reliable and useful research results. This gap represents a significant obstacle to renewable energy financing. Furthermore, the results indicate that innovative financing channels are needed to promote renewable energy development in Gauteng and South Africa, as traditional financing methods have had little effect in stimulating renewable energy development. Furthermore, the results show that green energy investors consider renewable energy sources to be very risky, even when supported by government policies. Therefore, the study proposes a financing model that brings together funders into small financial consortia to fund local renewable energy projects using a blended financing model. Such a model would spread risk across multiple investors, thereby reducing the potential risks of investments while achieving the goals and benefiting from tax credits and other incentives for investing in renewable energy.

The Role of FPGAs in Modern Option Pricing Techniques: A Survey

In financial computation, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have emerged as a transformative technology, particularly in the domain of option pricing. This study presents the impact of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) on computational methods in finance, with an emphasis on option pricing. Our review examined 99 selected studies from an initial pool of 131, revealing how FPGAs substantially enhance both the speed and energy efficiency of various financial models, particularly Black–Scholes and Monte Carlo simulations. Notably, the performance gains—ranging from 270- to 5400-times faster than conventional CPU implementations—are highly dependent on the specific option pricing model employed. These findings illustrate FPGAs’ capability to efficiently process complex financial computations while consuming less energy. Despite these benefits, this paper highlights persistent challenges in FPGA design optimization and programming complexity. This study not only emphasises the potential of FPGAs to further innovate financial computing but also outlines the critical areas for future research to overcome existing barriers and fully leverage FPGA technology in future financial applications.

High-speed trains in Japan in the years 2002–2020

High-speed trains are the most modern and advanced technology for moving passengers in land transport. Their main advantage is that they achieve high speeds, usually from over 200 to 300 km/h, which significantly shortens the travel time in relation to the time needed to cover the same distance by conventional trains. The article presents the development of high-speed rail in Japan, an island country located within the ring of fire of the Pacific. The analysis of the technical condition and the stages of historical development of high-speed railways were preceded by an assessment of the economy and transport as well as a study of transport intensity. The summary of the article includes the effects and benefits of using high-speed rail, as well as methods of financing and plans for further development.

Venture Capital Investment and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) In Bayelsa State, Nigeria

The paper explored the impact of venture funding on the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Specifically, it investigates the effects of different venture capital financing methods, the cost of venture capital, and venture capital management support on sales growth within the SME sector. Using a survey research design, data was collected from 300 registered SMEs in Bayelsa State. Primary data was gathered through questionnaire instruments and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings, revealed through regression analysis, indicate that capital financing positively affects SMEs' sales growth, while the cost of capital also exerts a positive influence on sales growth. However, management support exhibits a negative effect on sales growth within SMEs. These results underscore the significance of venture capital financing mechanisms in fostering the growth of SMEs in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, while also highlighting potential areas for improvement in venture capital management practices to better support SME development.

PECULIARITIES OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES OF HERITAGE AND CULTURE-BASED EXPERIENTIAL TOURISM ENTERPRISES IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA

The article presents the peculiarities of business activities of enterprises operating in the Republic of Armenia (RA) offering heritage- and cultural-based experiential tourism (HCBET) products and services. The article proposes the content of an integrated Business Canvas Model for enterprises engaged in similar activities. The integrated business canvas is based on the study of the cases of the enterprises selected within the framework of the research, according to the following key factors: Thematic areas, Activities/services, Marketing approach, Financing methods, Key success factors and challenges, and Potential for future development. Enterprises, operating in this field, are considered key cells of this kind of tourism development in the RA. Those enterprises are considered social organisms, which, if properly managed and provided with appropriate support, can become the basis for the long-term development of this kind of tourism in the RA. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically present the system of tourism services and products of enterprises included in the HCBET and the generalized model of business activity. It is important to emphasize that HCBET in the RA mainly includes hotel and restaurant businesses that mainly offer experiences based on Armenian intangible cultural heritage.