Financial Feasibility Research Articles

A Feasibility Analysis of P.I.R. Swadaya Oil Palm Plantations in East Kalimantan

In the framework of East Kalimantan's regional economic development, one of the important development sectors, apart from oil and gas, is agriculture, especially the oil palm plantation subsector, among others in the scheme of the People's Nucleus Plantation (PIR) Swadaya scheme. This study aims to analysis the PIR Swadaya oil palm development program in East Kalimantan, mainly in terms of financial feasibility through financial analysis. Study used primary and secondary data. To find those data, methods of interviews and list of questionnaires are used. The financial potential projection is carried out during the economic life of the plant for 25 years, and to identify the state of the business against the possibility of fluctuations in the discount value, calculated the condition of the oil palm plantation venture independently with a discount of 10%, through Sensitivity analysis shows that NPV, IRR, PP and B / C ratio at varying interest rates of 8%, 12%, 15% and 20% investment is still safe.

Feasibility of Using Reclaimed Water from the Alegria Wastewater Treatment Plant in Concrete Mixing Plants in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Due to the rising costs of transportation and the more advanced treatment needed to meet the water demands of the urban population, the costs of potable water tend to increase as cities expand. For some water uses, potable water is not required, such as concrete mixing industries. Previous studies have proven the viability of using reused water in concrete production. In Caju, Rio de Janeiro, four large concrete mixing plants (CMPs) are located close to the Alegria Wastewater Treatment Plant. This study focused on assessing the technical and financial feasibility of reusing these effluents as an alternative source of water for the four CMPs. The alternatives were potable and reused water via two supply methods, water tank trucks and pipelines. All costs were analyzed and projected into the future with the market cost of capital. After comparing the costs, the use of reclaimed water proved to be highly feasible, especially when a using pipeline to supply the CMPs. The present costs for the reclaimed water supply were calculated to be USD 0.99 per m3 for the pipeline alternative and the other alternatives varied in being 5 to 7 times more costly. This water reuse project using pipelines to transport reclaimed water to concrete mixing plants provides a feasible, sustainable alternative water supply in water stressed regions such as Rio de Janeiro.

ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LITHUANIAN AIRPORTS

Air transport is the only way to reach Lithuania from abroad in the short and medium term. Despite a well-developed road network in the country, connections to other European capitals are long and inconvenient. 2014 July. Vilnius, Kaunas and Palanga airports were merged into one state-owned company, Lithuanian Airports (LTOU). Since then, the efficiency and overall profitability of LTOU operations have increased significantly. However, maintaining the airport’s current infrastructure is costly and needs upgrading and further investment. The company has repeatedly asked itself whether it can get more benefits by building one new Lithuanian airport or focusing on developing the existing three airports net. Stakeholders’ views and recommendations should be heard to make timely and appropriate decisions without a new airport’s technical and financial feasibility. An in-depth interview and secondary data analysis were selected for the empirical study. Thirteen employees of SE Lithuanian Airports and three of the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Lithuania participated in the research. The following was used to analyse secondary data: SE Lithuanian Airport strategic plan, the material of strategic sessions, and a survey of the country’s population on the need for a new airport. The study found that stakeholders positively assess the long-term development projects of SE Lithuanian Airports, fully understanding the importance of airports and their contribution to the welfare of the state. Stakeholders can significantly impact results, so airport managers must consider whether they effectively involve stakeholders and, if not, how they can improve or encourage stakeholder involvement.

Financial Feasibility Study and Development of Technical Specifications for Coffee Agroforestry for Community Forest Farmers with Revolving Fund Support for Productivity Optimization

This research investigates coffee agroforestry systems' financial feasibility and technical specifications in community forests (HKm). Coffee agroforestry is acknowledged for its potential to enhance biodiversity, increase land productivity, maintain ecological balance, and provide economic benefits for small-scale farmers. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing in-depth interviews, field observations, and questionnaires to gather primary data while incorporating reports and literature as secondary data sources. The analysis reveals that the coffee agroforestry system in HKm demonstrates financial viability, with a positive NPV, a BCR exceeding 1, and an IRR of 33%. However, challenges such as insufficient technical knowledge and limited financial support persist as significant barriers. Furthermore, this research develops technical specifications, including selecting high-quality coffee seeds, shoot grafting techniques, fertilization, and pest management practices. These specifications are intended to serve as a practical guide for farmers adopting coffee agroforestry systems, enabling them to improve productivity and economic well-being. Moreover, the findings of this study provide a solid foundation for developing policies that encourage the widespread adoption of coffee agroforestry. As a result, this research makes notable contributions to both the scientific and practical aspects of coffee agroforestry for Community Forest farmers, paving the way for further research and formulating comprehensive strategies to address the challenges farmers face.

Financial Aspects Of Biogas Production From Livestock Waste To Meet Household Energy Needs

The livestock sector has significant potential to contribute to methane emissions, which are the second largest after CO2, accounting for 13% of total emissions. One solution to control methane emissions is the use of biogas reactors. This study aims to assess the financial aspects of biogas production from livestock waste to meet household energy needs and to determine its financial feasibility. The research employs a qualitative approach that emphasizes flexibility, direct interaction with research subjects, and sensitive interpretation of data context. Data collection was conducted through a literature review by examining and analyzing literature related to the research topic. The literature study results indicate that constructing biogas reactors using cow dung has viable potential for development, especially as a replacement for LPG. However, replacing wood fuel depends highly on the local price of firewood. This study recommends that, for the development of biogas from cattle farm waste to replace firewood, interest subsidies or other assistance are needed to make the development feasible. Additionally, to encourage public interest in developing biogas reactors for cattle farm waste, financial incentives in the form of interest subsidies through program loans are necessary. Developing biogas reactors from cattle farm waste for household energy needs is economically viable, especially as a substitute for LPG, but requires additional support such as interest subsidies to replace firewood. Financial incentives are essential to attract public interest in developing these biogas reactors.

Agribusiness analysis of seed producer supports increased soybean production in East Java production centre areas

ABSTRACT Quality seeds are one of the main technological components for increasing soybean crop production. Until now the use of quality soybean seeds in Indonesia only reaches 30%. The constraints of providing soybean quality seeds still often occur. The objectives of this study are to identify the financial feasibility of soybean seed producer in various uses of soybean products; to identify socio-economic constraints on soybean seed producer and to propose a strategy for developing soybean seed producer agribusiness in East Java province. The survey was conducted on soybean seed growers and soybean farmers who planted soybeans in the 2022 growing season. The results showed that the R/C ratio of producers for seed purposes, producers for consumption purposes, and soybean farmers are 1.34, 1.23 and 1.2, respectively. Threats faced by soybean seed producers include suboptimal post-harvest handling and the rapidly decreasing soybean seed germination. The strategy in developing soybean seed producer that can be proposed are: growing soybean seed farmers at each production centre location to meet the needs of seeds on time, quantity, variety, agroclimate, quality, and price, so as to meet the need of local farmers quickly, and reduce the risk of rapidly decreasing seed germination.

Global Challenges and Economic Feasibility in Achieving 100% Renewable Energy

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the global transition towards 100% renewable energy (RE) grids while analyzing associated challenges and economic prospects. The scientific aim of the work is to examine national and regional plans, revealing shared research challenges such as neglect of system stability, reliance on specific RE sources, and limitations on capacity share growth. The subject of the research was to obtain insights into the economic feasibility of this transition, underscored by projections of creating 24.3 million new jobs by 2050 and substantial annual savings in air pollution and environmental costs. This study extends the existing research by analyzing promising examples from countries like Norway and Costa Rica, demonstrating diverse approaches with hydropower playing a pivotal role, while Canada and New Zealand showcase adaptability based on local resources. Addressing key research challenges, from technological uncertainties to socio-economic considerations, the paper emphasizes the need for robust policies and infrastructure development. Despite challenges, the transition promises economic benefits, with estimated annual savings in healthcare and global warming costs. The literature and global examples affirm the technical and financial feasibility of transitioning to 100% RE. In conclusion, this paper contributes to understanding the intricate economic and technological landscape of achieving a sustainable global energy transition.

Sustainable recovery and recycling of acidic ionic liquid in 5-ethoxymethylfurfural production via bipolar membrane electrodialysis

Acidic ionic liquids have been proven effective as homogeneous catalysts in preparing 5-ethoxymethylfurfural the fuel additive and platform chemical. Homogeneous catalysis specialty and complicated electrolyte composition limited direct recovery of acidic ionic liquids after 5-ethoxymethylfurfural preparation. In this study, a bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED)-based strategy was designed for controllably recovering and regenerating acidic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [Bmim][HSO4] after 5-ethoxymethylfurfural preparation from fructose. Key factors in recovery of ionic liquid [Bmim][HSO4] were studied to ascertain the technical and financial feasibility of the electrodialysis-assisted strategy. The maximum recovery ratio of [Bmim][HSO4] approached 96.2% and the minimum recovery cost was less than 0.1% of [Bmim][HSO4] purchase cost. Insight developed by the work revealed a viable solution for efficient and integral recycling of acidic imidazole ionic liquid in the high-value conversion of biomass.

Feasibility of satisfying projected biopower demands in support of decarbonization interventions: A spatially-explicit cost optimization model applied to woody biomass in the eastern US

Power generation from biomass (biopower) has experienced substantial growth in the United States. Although renewable and sustainably sourced biopower can reduce the carbon footprint of the electricity sector, there is a scarcity of analyses that simultaneously consider the financial feasibility and sustainability criteria of procured biomass. We developed a spatially-explicit optimization model to minimize the cost of meeting projected biopower demand while ensuring carbon neutrality and biomass sustainability constraints. The optimization model was applied to projected biopower demand scenarios in the eastern US, considering various public policy decarbonization interventions. Modeling woody biomass procured from local forests as the source of biopower was chosen due to its dominant role as a renewable energy source, regional availability, and lower risk of violating carbon neutrality objectives. Initially, we projected the net growth of woody biomass in trees and their carbon pools by 2035, as a function of biopower generation, utilizing data from 2009–2017. Subsequently, forecasted woody biomass and projected biopower demand through 2035 were employed to determine optimal levels of biopower generation and estimate the corresponding resource impacts within procurement forests. The results suggest the potential for substantial increases in sustainable biopower generation in the eastern US. However, the feasibility of this expansion depends on the continued economic viability of biopower generation in the future. It is worth noting that the largest increases, surpassing threefold, in biopower generation over the 2020–2030 decade could potentially compromise the carbon neutrality of locally procured woody biomass.

Ports Go Green: A Cost-energy Analysis Applied to a Case Study on Evaluating the Electrification of Yard Tractors

Introduction Electrification of handling equipment and vehicles used in seaports is becoming increasingly common. The electrification of port equipment is potentially beneficial in terms of local environmental impact and operating costs. However, initial investments are very high. Objective The goal of this paper is to provide a tool for decision-makers to assess the technological and financial feasibility of electrifying yard tractors in a container terminal. Considering the technological development of batteries expected in the coming years, the paper investigates when the electrification of yard tractors could be cost-effective. Methods The paper proposes a technical and economic-financial analysis to assess the feasibility of a transition of port handling equipment from internal combustion diesel engines to electric vehicles. The proposed methodology is applied to the case study of the PSA-SECH terminal in the port of Genoa (Italy), demonstrating the advantages and limitations of electric tractors in the port context. Results The analysis shows that the use of electric powertrains for yard tractors is feasible technologically and from the point of view of energy use. However, at present, the investment is not profitable given the current situation in terms of costs and technology. Conclusion Electrification of yard tractors is a potentially beneficial transformation for port handling processes. Nevertheless, the entire energy chain should be considered in order to assess its environmental sustainability. Other alternative powertrains should be investigated.

Assessment of Increasing Rice Plant Index 400 with the Application of Environmentally Friendly Rice Cultivation Technology in Irrigation Land, Banjar City, West Java

Abstract Achieving rice self-sufficiency is the main target of the Ministry of Agriculture in order to meet the demand for rice consumption which continues to increase every year. Various efforts have been made, including through a program to increase the Rice Planting Index (PI) from 300 to 400 or from three times to four times in one year. The research aim was to determine the technical and financial feasibility of increasing PI Paddy 400 by applying Environmentally Friendly Rice Cultivation (EFRC) technology to irrigated paddy fields. The study was carried out in an irrigated paddy field in Pataruman Village, Pataruman District, Banjar City, West Java Province, Indonesia. The study used an adaptive research approach on 2.0 ha of farmers’ land involving 12 implementing farmers (cooperators). The assessment will be carried out in 2021, starting from the 2nd Planting Season (PS) to the 4th PS, while the 1st PS activities have been carried out by farmers. The technology adapted is the early maturing New Superior Varieties (NSV) Cakrabuana and M70D as well as setting cropping patterns and implementing EFRC technology packages. The results of the study show that the use of NSV Cakrabuana and M70D can speed up harvest time, so that they can harvest four times in one year. EFRC technology can increase rice production for one year by 24.24% from 16.5 to 20.5 tons of dry harvested grain (DHG). Farmers are still hesitant to develop PI 400 rice technology even though it is financially profitable and feasible with an RC Ratio of 1.84.

Economic Incentives for Environmental Conservation via Corporate Social Responsibility: Case Study of Corona’s Plastic Retrieval Tournament

Abstract Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives encourage environmental preservation, economic viability and customer engagement. This study focuses on the potential transformation brought by such projects using a case analysis of Corona’s Plastic Collection Tournament. It evaluates how effective monetary rewards can be in promoting conservation among locals through involving them in scavenging plastic wastes for sale instead of relying entirely on fishing. The success of the event at incentivizing plastic retrieval is measured against what fishermen normally earn from their trade, underlining the financial feasibility of eco-friendly actions. Additionally, it looks into how teaming up with Mexico Recicla (one of Mexico’s largest recycling firms) can help members access new revenue streams.

Clinical impact and financial feasibility of remote oncology pharmacists' roles in community oncology practices.

1545 Background: The clinical and financial impact of oncology-trained pharmacists in the community oncology setting has not been well documented. The US Oncology Network has introduced a novel remote oncology pharmacist model which provides clinical services to oncology community practices to alleviate the burden on oncologists, enhance patient care, and improve workflows. Methods: Oncology-trained pharmacists remotely reviewed chemotherapy regimens across 12 community oncology practices. Pharmacists identified opportunities to modify therapy based on clinical criteria, waste reduction, and/or financial stewardship. These modifications were discussed with the treatment team or implemented in accordance with practice-approved policies. Clinical and financial metrics were tracked to assess the overall impact of the pharmacist interventions and provider time saved. Results: From January 1, 2023, through December 31, 2023, 27,938 reviews were documented for 19,962 patients. Among these reviews, the majority (14,572, 73%) required modification by the pharmacist, and many (3,005, 21%) were deemed clinically significant by the intervening pharmacist. The most common clinically significant interventions included changes to anticancer drug doses (1155, 38%), modifications to supportive care (742, 25%) and recommendations for additional monitoring (426, 14%). Across 12 practices, 63 drug-related workflow policies were implemented allowing pharmacists to autonomously auto-substitute products, order laboratory tests and adjust chemotherapy doses. These policies saved over 600 hours of physician time. Pharmacist involvement resulted in medication-related margin improvements totaling $9.3M. Practices also experienced a $4.3M reduction in the total cost of care in medication expenses. The cost of the pharmacists during this period was $1.4M, equating to a 560% return on investment compared to margin improvement. Conclusions: Community oncology practices operate within a resource-constrained model with limited access to oncology pharmacists. As invaluable members of the care team, pharmacists identified opportunities to significantly enhance clinical care by focusing on medication safety, dosing, and regimen optimization, while demonstrating a tremendous financial impact on small-scale budgets. Oncology-trained pharmacists play a vital role in alleviating care burden of the clinical team by collaboratively developing practice-approved policies and reviewing clinical orders in a high-risk patient population.

Financial Inclusion and Retirement Planning: A Scenario Analysis of the Feasibility of Atal Pension

Financial inclusion, crucial for economic development, has gained global attention, particularly in emerging economies like India where initiatives to improve access to financial services are vital. Objective: This study aims to assess the feasibility and potential impact of the Atal Pension Yojana (APY) on retirement planning within India's unorganised sector through scenario analysis. Methodology: Utilising secondary data, the study analyses the present and future values of contributions and pension benefits under various scenarios, focusing on different starting ages and pension amounts. Findings: The analysis suggests that, at higher interest rates, the present value of pension benefits from APY may fall short of contributions, indicating potential shortcomings in fulfilling retirement needs. However, younger subscribers could benefit under certain conditions, emphasising the importance of early enrolment. Implications: The research highlights concerns regarding the effectiveness of APY in addressing retirement needs, suggesting the need for additional government support to enhance the scheme's attractiveness and financial feasibility. Originality: This study offers a multidimensional exploration of financial inclusion and retirement planning within the framework of APY, contributing to the literature on this topic, especially in economies with informal labour markets and limited social security mechanisms. Keywords: Retirement Planning, Financial Inclusion, Social Security, Pension Scheme, Atal Pension Yojana.

Assessing payment for ecosystem services to improve lake water quality using the InVEST model

Payment for ecosystem services is a conservation strategy designed to offer farmers financial incentives for managing land to provide ecological benefits without disturbing livelihoods. However, the distribution of spatial financial feasibility is challenging when implementing this strategy on watershed scale. This study aimed to develop payment for ecosystem services model to improve quality in lake water catchment. The model estimated incentive values based on the costs of farmers’ losses, water yields, and pollution loads. The potential loss was calculated by determining the income of farmers in lake water catchment spent on land conversion from intensive agriculture to agroforestry. Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) modeling tool was used to calculate water yield and pollution load. The model was tested with case study approach at Lake Rawa Pening in Indonesia, consisting of nine sub-basins and 75 village administrations. The results showed that the reference compensation for farmers was 1,255.97 USD/ha/year. Considering the spatial distribution of water yields, the incentive for each village varied widely from 891.54 USD/ha/year to 1,557.06 USD/ha/year, even within the same sub-basin. Ten villages had an incentive above 1,450.00 USD/ha/year. However, considering the water pollution load, 26 villages had an incentive above 1,450.00 USD/ha/year with a maximum of 2,024.17 USD/ha/year. Therefore, village boundary should be an analysis unit for determining spatial incentive feasibility rather than a sub-basin boundary. Moreover, the level of water pollution load can become an additional variable to justify the amount of incentives received by farmers.

Optimized system for combined production of electricity/green hydrogen for multiple energy pathways: a case study of Egypt

Abstract By optimal sizing of a wind/photovoltaic hybrid renewable-energy (RE) system, trimming the surplus capacity to reduce the fluctuations in the electricity supplied to the grid, and using it to produce green hydrogen through electrolysis, a stable output with maximum possible capacity factor (CF) is generated to maintain the electricity grid stability. Simultaneously, the trimmed energy is used in a secondary conversion path that minimizes the weighted average cost of the energy generated from the entire plant. This surplus power-to-gas conversion allows the use of green hydrogen to produce electricity, methanol, or ammonia subject to the resource availability, site characteristics, and financial feasibility. Based on robust site selection criteria, the best performance is obtained at two sites: Ras Ghareb and Minya, achieving the lowest energy cost with some variance in their performance. For the Ras Ghareb site, the optimally sized RE plant provided the grid with a quasi-steady capacity of 423 MW with a CF of 80.04% and was capable of injecting 2965.8648 GWh throughout the year with the lowest cost of 2.4355 ¢/kWh. A surplus of 3.9% of the total energy produced from the plant was directed to produce 1922-ton H2/year, achieving the lowest cost of hydrogen production of $1.9745/kg H2. For the other selected site, Minya, the clipped energy is used to produce 3330.47-ton H2/year with an optimized lowest cost of $3.5268/kg H2. The difference in hydrogen costs was attributed to the number of full operating hours of the electrolyser in both sites. The cost is mainly affected by the electricity price and the electrolyser cost. With both tending to decrease, future forecasts show hydrogen cost reductions.

Project Financial Feasibility Study of New Junior High School Class Building Construction (Case Study of XYZ Foundation)

Project Financial Feasibility Study of New Junior High School Class Building Construction (Case Study of XYZ Foundation)

Sustainable CO2 Refrigeration System for Fish Cold Storage Facility Using a Renewable Integrated System with Solar, Wind and Tidal Energy for Cape Verde—Analyzing Scenarios

This study compares four feasible alternative solutions for an integrated cold storage system in the city of Tarrafal, Santiago, Cape Verde. Integrated systems using grid electricity are compared with autonomous systems generating electrical energy from renewable sources, alongside various types of refrigeration facility systems. Its objective is to assess the energy efficiency, financial feasibility, and environmental impact across four scenarios. Scenario 1 utilizes two R134a refrigeration units powered by the public grid. Scenario 2 employs a transcritical R744 (CO2) system using grid electricity. Scenario 3 incorporates R744 and autonomous renewable energy. Scenario 4 employs R744 for refrigeration with seawater heat exchange and autonomous renewable energy sources. The findings favor Scenario 4, emitting 15,882 kg CO2 eq with a 5-year return on investment. Autonomous electricity production in this scenario reduces emissions by 95%. Despite an initial cost of EUR 769,172.00, Scenario 3 demonstrates financial viability, contributing to energy sustainability. This autonomous production reduces emissions by 360,697 kg CO2 compared to conventional systems, highlighting the positive impact of local renewable energy integration.

Unveiling Key Factors Shaping Energy Storage Strategies for Sustainable Energy Communities

This research delves into a case study of a photovoltaic (PV) energy community, leveraging empirical data to explore the integration of renewable energy sources and storage solutions. By evaluating energy generation and consumption patterns within real-world energy communities (a nominal generation capacity of 33 kWn) in Gipuzkoa, Spain, from May 2022 to May 2023, this study comprehensively examines operational dynamics and performance metrics. This study highlights the critical role of energy consumption patterns in facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources and underscores the importance of proactive strategies to manage demand fluctuations effectively. Against the backdrop of rising energy costs and environmental concerns, renewable energies and storage solutions emerge as compelling alternatives, offering financial feasibility and environmental benefits within energy communities. This study emphasizes the necessity of research and development efforts to develop efficient energy storage technologies and the importance of economic incentives and collaborative initiatives to drive investments in renewable energy infrastructure. The analyzed results provide valuable insights into operational dynamics and performance metrics, further advancing our understanding of their transformative potential in achieving a sustainable energy future. Specifically, our study suggests that storage capacity should ideally support an average annual capacity of 23%, with fluctuations observed where this capacity may double or reduce to a minimum in certain months. Given the current market conditions, our findings indicate the necessity of significant public subsidies, amounting to no less than 67%, to facilitate the installation of storage infrastructure, especially in cases where initial investments are not covered by the energy community.

Technical and financial feasibility of a chemicals recovery and energy and water production from a dairy wastewater treatment plant

Due to the high volume of wastewater produced from dairy factories, it is necessary to integrate a water recovery process with the treatment plant. Today, bipolar membrane electrodialysis units (BMEUs) are increasingly developed for wastewater treatment and reutilizing. This article aims to develop and evaluate (technical and cost analyses) a combined BMEU/batch reverse osmosis unit (BROU) process for the recovery of chemicals and water from the dairy wastewater plant. The combined BROU/BMEU process is able to simultaneously produce water and strong base-acid, and reduce power consumption due to the injection of concentrated feed flow into the BMEU. A comprehensive comparative analysis on the performances of two combined and stand-alone BMEU configurations are developed. The proposed combined technology for dairy factory wastewater treatment is designed on a new structure and configuration that can address superior cost analysis compared to similar technologies. Further, the optimal values of permeate flux and current density as two vital and influencing parameters on the performance of the studied dairy wastewater treatment process were calculated and discussed. From the outcomes, the total cost of production in the combined configuration has been reduced by approximately 26% compared to the stand-alone configuration. Increasing the feed concentration rate using the batch reverse osmosis process for the dairy wastewater treatment process can be an ideal solution from an economic point of view. Moreover, point (current density, feed concentration rate, total unit cost) = 328.9,7,14.37\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\left(328.9, 7, 14.37\\right)$$\\end{document} can be considered as an optimal point for the economic performance of the studied wastewater treatment process.