Level Of Financial Distress Research Articles

Determinants of financial distress in the building construction sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Purpose — This study aims to analyze the influence of profitability, leverage, and intellectual capital on financial distress in companies within the building construction sub-sector.Method — The research method involves quantitative and regression analysis. The sample consists of companies within the building construction sub-sector that consistently published financial reports during the period 2016-2021. The research population comprises 96 building construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with 16 companies meeting the sample requirements. Data collection is performed using purposive sampling, and the analysis is conducted using EViews 10. Various tests, including classic assumption tests, feasibility analysis models, panel regression analysis, and coefficient of determination tests, are employed in the analysis.Result — The study results indicate a significant positive effect of profitability on the level of financial distress, suggesting that higher levels of profitability correspond to lower financial distress. Conversely, leverage demonstrates a significant negative effect on financial distress, implying that higher levels of leverage are associated with increased financial distress for the company. However, the study did not identify a significant relationship between intellectual capital and the level of financial distress, suggesting that the level of intellectual capital does not significantly influence the level of financial distress.Practical implications — Management in the building construction sub-sector is encouraged to prioritize strategies and tactics aimed at enhancing company profitability. Focusing on efforts to improve operational efficiency, optimize asset utilization, and enhance the effectiveness of marketing strategies can contribute to an increase in the company's profitability.

Financial, Non-Financial Indicators dan Corporate Governance terhadap Prediksi Financial Distress Perusahaan Sektor Transportasi

Financial distress is a condition where the company experience a deteriorating stage of the financial situation before bankruptcy. This study aimed to prove the influence of financial, non-financial and corporate governance indicators on financial distress in transportation sector listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange periods 2016-2020. This study used the Springate method (S-score) to measure the level of financial distress. The sample was obtained by purposive sampling method in obtain 21 companies in transportation sector. The data used is secondary data in the form of annual reports from the publication of Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear analysis panel data which is processed using Eviews 10 software. The hypothesis is obtained from previous research and various theories from other sources. The results of this study indicate that interest coverage ratio has a positive influence on financial distress and going concern opinion has a negative influence on financial distress. Meanwhile, long-term debt to equity ratio, age of company, independent board of commissioners, and institutional ownership did not has a influence on financial distress.

Perbandingan Financial Distress Sebelum dan Selama Covid-19 pada Perusahaan Sektor Property dan Real Estate Terdaftar Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI)

This study aimed to compare the financial distress of property and real estate sector companies that were listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index before and during Covid-19. The study was comparative quantitative by comparing the data used to determine differences in variables from two groups or the same variable in different time periods. The number of samples used in this study were 31 companies, with the sample collection method in the form of purposive sampling. The data analysis method used is the Altman Z-Score method using four financial ratios taken from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website and the sites of each sample company. The data analysis were the normality test and the Wilcoxon test. This study found that there were significant differences in the level of financial distress in property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index before and during Covid-19.

ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN BROADCASTING SUB-SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE

Financial distress, also known as financial difficulties, refers to a situation in which a company experiences unhealthy financial conditions or a crisis. It typically starts with increasing liquidity pressure and continues with a decrease in the value of company assets, ultimately leading to bankruptcy. Bankruptcy poses a significant risk for companies; however, this risk can be minimized or prevented through the use of bankruptcy detection models or tools. The purpose of this study was to assess the financial distress of companies in the Broadcasting Sub-Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2017-2021. The Springate, Zmijewski, and Grover models were employed for this analysis. The study's population comprised companies in the Broadcasting Sub-Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the specified period, amounting to 5 companies. A research sample of 4 companies was selected using a purposive sampling technique. The findings indicate that according to the Springate model, two companies, namely PT. MDIA Tbk with a rate of 80% and PT. VIVA Tbk with a level of 100%, were in a state of financial distress. The Zmijewski model identified PT VIVA Tbk as the only company in financial distress with a level of 80%. Additionally, based on the Grover model, PT. VIVA Tbk exhibited a financial distress level of 40%.

Kesulitan Keuangan Perusahaan Semasa Covid-19

Corporate financial distress is a hot topic among practitioners and academics. This financial difficulty can lead to a bankrupt position if not handled properly. Much research has been done on financial problems, but it was still limited during the Covid-19 pandemic. Some companies affected by could-19 (lockdown policy) may experience finances such as tourism, transportation and other sectors. This research investigates whether there are differences in financial difficulties before and during the pandemic (2018-2019 and 2020-2021). In addition, this study also aims to test whether financial ratios contribute to financial distress. The role of audit committee effectiveness as a moderating variable between financial ratios and financial distress is also tested in this study. Using 18 companies engaged in the restaurant, hotel and tourism sector as research samples (41.42% of the population) with the data period 2018-2021. Different tests and regression tests were used to answer research questions. The results show that the sample companies experienced financial difficulties during the pandemic (2020-2021) because their z-score values were lower than 2018-2019, with significant differences. The regression results show that liquidity has a positive effect on financial distress. The audit committee's effectiveness acts as a moderating variable between leverage and financial difficulties. In other words, a high level of audit committee effectiveness will strengthen the positive leverage relationship with the z-score or lower financial distress. One of the control variables (firm age) has a negative effect on the z-score. In other words, the older the company, the lower the level of financial distress. This research has theoretical implications where agency theory can explain the relationship between leverage and financial condition with the role of audit committee effectiveness.

Effect of Liquidity and Profitability on The Level of Financial Distress Using the Altman Z-Score Model

This research aimed to examine the impact of the current ratio and return on assets on the degree of financial distress in the automotive and component manufacturing sectors of the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2015–2020, utilizing the Altman Z-score model. Furthermore, the objective of this investigation is to examine the primary determinant between the current ratio and return on assets about the degree of financial distress, utilizing the Altman z-score model, within the automotive and component sub-sector manufacturing firms that are publicly traded in the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2020. The present study employs a descriptive-verification research methodology. The present study employs secondary data from information sourced from https://idx.bei.co.id/. Conduct data collection methodologies utilizing documentation techniques. The present study has selected a population of 13 manufacturing companies in the automotive and component sub-sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2020. Non-Probability Sampling was utilized to determine the sample size of ten companies that meet the established criteria. The data underwent analysis through the utilization of multiple linear regression as well as hypothesis testing via the t-test and F-test. The findings of the present investigation suggest that the current ratio and the return on assets exhibit a noteworthy and favorable impact on the degree of financial distress, as measured by the Altman z-score, at a rate of 73.4%.

PENGARUH FINANCIAL DISTRESS, ASIMETRI INFORMASI, TIPE AUDITOR, DAN MEKANISME GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP PRUDENCE AKUNTANSI

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of financial distress, information asymmetry, auditor type and good corporate governance mechanism on accounting prudence. Data collection in this study was carried out by indirect observation by researchers on the research object, namely manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, to be precise at the Capital Market Reference Center. Observations made by researchers are non-participant observations, where the authors make observations as data collectors without involving themselves or being part of the social environment being observed, in this case the manufacturing companies and the listed components. The results of this study indicate that financial distress has a positive effect because when a company's finances are in trouble, managers tend to apply prudent accounting principles to reduce conflicts between investors and creditors, meaning that managers will increase their understanding of accounting prudence in response to high levels of financial distress. Information asymmetry has no effect, meaning that whether there is information asymmetry between investors and company management will not affect management's ability to prepare prudential financial reports. The type of auditor has a positive effect because the big four will be better able to detect possible errors in financial statements so that companies will apply accounting prudence more. The board of commissioners has no effect, because the management oversight function is not carried out properly because not all commissioners are able to carry out their duties properly. The independence of the board of commissioners has no effect, because an independent board of commissioners does not necessarily reduce conflicts of interest in a company because not all commissioners are free from business relationships.

Assessment Financial Distress of Islamic Banking in Indonesia Before and During Covid-19

This study aims to measure the level of financial distress of Islamic banking in Indonesia before and during Covid-19. The research method used is the Modified Altman Z-Score method. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique so that there were 5 Islamic Commercial Banks as research samples, namely BCA Syariah, KB Bukopin Syariah, Bank Victoria Syariah, Bank Panin Dubai Syariah, and Bank Aladin Syariah. They use quarterly financial report data for the 2018-2019 research period (before covid-19) and 2020-2021 (during covid-19). The sampling technique used purposive sampling techniqueVariables in this study use variables from the Altman Z-Score analysis, namely WCTA, RETA, EBITTA, and BVEBVL variables. The results of this study indicate that during Covid-19, there were 3 Islamic Commercial Banks that were in a healthy condition or safe zone for two consecutive years, namely KB Bukopin Syariah, Bank Victoria Syariah, and Bank Aladin Syariah,2 Sharia Commercial Banks in distress zone and gray zone conditions namely BCA Syariah and Panin Dubai Syariah. In contrast, during covid-19, only two banks were in good health for two consecutive years, namely KB Bukopin Syariah and Bank Aladin Syariah. The other three banks are in a safe zone, gray zone, and distress zone, namely BCA Syariah, Bank Victoria Syariah, and Bank Panin Dubai Syariah.

Are Indonesian construction companies financially distressed? A prediction using artificial neural networks

Construction companies are very dependent on the projects carried out by a company. Therefore, measuring whether a company is distressed or non-distressed can be done by looking at the ratios derived from the components of the financial statements from both the balance sheet and the company’s profit and loss. This study offers a new method for measuring financial distress in companies with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The model provided comes from several financial ratios in 17 construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The model is expected to produce the best model by showing the lowest prediction error rate. The results showed that the best ANN model has 25 inputs, 20 hidden layer neurons, and 1 best model output. The model obtained will be tested directly on the sample used; the results are that 6 construction companies in Indonesia have financial distress and 11 non-distress problems. This result proves that the best model obtained can predict the level of financial distress of companies with a small error rate to produce 6 companies identified as financially distressed. This result can be a warning for companies to increase revenue by adding new projects to get out of financial distress status. Traditional financial distress models such as Altman, Zmijewski, Springate, and Fulmer, which have become researchers’ guidelines for measuring financial distress, can be added to the ANN 25-20-1 model as a comparison to strengthen the research results.

Measuring Financial Distress of Islamic Banks Under Pandemic and Its Determinants: Random Effect Approach

This study objectives to measure banks’ financial distress level and test whether fundamental factors and COVID-19 affect the banks' financial conditions. The data were sourced from the Islamic banks’ quarterly financial reports in Indonesia for 2019.1 to 2021.1 to find out a financial conditions before and during the pandemic. Testing was done through a panel data regression test. The random effect model was obtained as the best model for this research after going through several stages of model selection tests. Meanwhile, this study produced several essential findings for adding to the empirical research repertoire during the pandemic. First, the Altman Z-Score test's results varied from distress, a gray area, and safe from ten Islamic banks studied. Second, after several testing stages, it was found that capital adequacy, profitability, and financing proportion positively affected financial conditions, while COVID-19 did not affect the Islamic banks’ financial conditions. These findings showed that Islamic banks in Indonesia are stable during the pandemic for the short-term, however, for the long-term impact requires more observations.

Financial Toxicity is Common in Patients After Tibia Fracture.

To evaluate the presence of financial distress and identify risk factors for financial toxicity in patients after tibial shaft fracture. A cross-sectional analysis. Level I trauma center. All patients within 4 years after tibial shaft fracture (open, closed or fracture that required flap reconstruction). Injury-related financial distress. Financial distress related to the injury, as reported by the patient in a binary question. Financial toxicity using the LIMB-Q, scored from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more financial toxicity. Data were collected from 142 patients after tibial shaft fracture [44% closed (n = 62), 41% open (n = 58), and 15% flap (n = 22)]. The mean age was 44 years (SD 17), 61% were male, and the mean time from injury was 15 months. Financial distress was reported by 64% of patients (95% confidence interval, 56% to 72%). Financial toxicity did not differ by fracture severity (P = 0.12). Medical complications were associated with a 14-point increase in financial toxicity (P = 0.04). Age over 65 years (-15 points, P = 0.03) and incomes of $70,000 or more ($70,000-$99,999, -15 points, P = 0.02; >$100,000, -19 points, P < 0.01) protected against financial toxicity. We observed financial distress levels more than twice the proportion observed after cancer. Medical complications, lower incomes, and younger age were associated with increased financial toxicity. Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Are key audit matter disclosures useful in assessing the financial distress level of a client firm?

This study examines the usefulness of new expanded audit report key audit matters (KAM) disclosures in assessing the level of financial distress present at a client firm. Using six years of KAM disclosures for U.K. Premium-listed firms beginning in 2013, we investigate the relation between firm financial distress and the number, risk level, financial statement impact, and individual nature of auditor-disclosed KAMs. We expand on literatures examining audit report disclosures in gauging financial distress assessments as well as the utility of expanded audit reporting. We find the greater the number of KAMs disclosed, the higher a firm's financial distress level. Additionally, results show entity-level KAMs, account-level KAMs with a primary impact on profitability and solvency, and certain types of individual KAMs are more likely to be disclosed when client firms face higher levels of financial distress. The results are robust to alternative measures of financial distress and to endogeneity tests. Our findings also indicate KAMs have predictive ability in assessing subsequent periods' financial distress levels. In all, evidence from this study suggests a way financial statement users can use independent auditor disclosures to assess one of the main risks associated with a firm - the risk of failure.

PENGARUH KONFLIK KEPENTINGAN TERHADAP KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI

Research by Givoly and Hayn (2002) shows that there has been an increase in the use of accounting accounting in US companies since 1980. Conservatism is an important convention of financial reporting in accounting, hence it is called the dominant accounting principle. Conventions such as conservatism are taken into account in financial and accounting reports because business activities are constrained by tension factors. The formulation of the problem and the purpose of this research is to see how the effect of conflict of interest on accounting conservatism. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach to literature review analysis. This data collection stage is carried out by creating an extraction formula that contains the metadata that the researcher obtained from several journal articles that have been collected and selecting items that are appropriate to the research topic regarding the analysis of the effect of conflicts of interest on accounting conservatism. The results of the research show that conflict of interest has no effect on accounting conservatism. This shows that the size of the conflict that occurs between creditors and investors regarding dividend policy will not affect the application of conservatism in the accounting for preparing the company's financial statements. The level of financial distress has a negative effect on accounting conservatism. This indicates that the higher the level of financial distress, the lower the application of accounting conservatism in the preparation of financial statements. Based on research conducted by analyzing several articles that have a topic related to the selected keywords. Some of the articles reviewed can draw conclusions that can discuss how the effect of conflicts of interest on accounting conservatism.

ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI POTENSI TERJADI FINANCIAL DISTRESS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL SPRINGATE: (STUDI KASUS) PADA PT. ASTRA INTERNATIONAL TBK YANG TERDAFTAR DIBURSA EFEK INDONESIA

ABSTRAK This study aims to determine the level of financial distress by using the springate method at PT. Astra International, Tbk. The method used in this research is descriptive method and the data collected is financial report data in 2010-2016 to predict the potential for financial distress. This study uses a quantitative research type and the data source in this study is secondary data in the form of the company's annual financial reports. The data collection technique in this study was the documentation method using data from www.idx.go.id. Variable measurement is done by analyzing the company's financial statements and the data analysis method used in this study is springate ratio analysis. From the results of research using the springate analysis method, it shows that it is likely that the company will experience financial distress in the future when viewed from the results of the analysis of the financial statements of PT. Astra International, Tbk.From the results of the prediction of financial distress in PT. Astra International, Tbk has not experienced any financial distress, and this company is still in good health or not bankrupt, but if it is not handled quickly, it is likely to experience financial distress because the value decreases each year.Keywords: Financial Statements, Financial Distress, Springate

The Validation of the COmprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) Scale in Greek Language.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Greek version of FACIT-COST, as well as to assess the levels of financial distress of patients suffering from lung cancer in relation to their quality of life and lung cancer symptom burden. This was a cross-sectional quantitative study. A self-assessment instrument was used to gather the data. The study involved 120 lung cancer patients who were treated using chemotherapy in a day clinic of a General Hospital in Athens. Data were collected with the COST-FACIT-v2 (used to assess the patients' financial toxicity), The 12-item Health Survey (SF-12), and functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung Symptom Index Questionnaire-7 items-version 4 (FACIT-FACT-LCS). Descriptive statistics as well as exploratory factor analysis performed all the statistical analyses, which were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 and had p-values with a significance level of 0.05. The majority of the participants were male (68.3%), married or cohabitated (81.3%), and had been diagnosed with microcell cancer (90%). The factor analysis resulted in one factor that interpreted 35% of the total variance. FACT-L (r=0.365, p<0.001), physical component SF-12 (r=0.184, p=0.045), and mental health component SF-12 (r=0.268, p=0.003) were positively correlated to FACIT-OST, as expected. The Greek validated COST-FACIT-v2 is a reliable tool in providing rapid assessment of cancer patients' level of financial distress.

THE IMPACT OF LIFE-COURSE SOCIO-ECONOMIC POSITION ON QUALITY OF LIFE AT LATER AGES : EVIDENCE FROM ESTONIA

This study, guided by life-course theory and cumulative (dis)advantage theory, investigates the impact of the accumulation of socio-economic advantages and disadvantages, over the life course, on the quality of life (QoL) of the older population, and the mediating role of their current financial distress. In our study, we focus on the accumulation model. The study primarily uses data from Estonia in wave 4 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), with supplemental data from wave 5. Linear regression models were calculated based on two measures of quality of life : CASP-12 and life satisfaction. When measured by CASP-12, the socio-economic position in adulthood seems to play a more important role than that of childhood for the current quality of life of older people and even seems to compensate for it slightly when the current financial distress level is controlled for. However, when measured by life satisfaction, accumulated socio-economic (dis)advantages, especially in early youth, have a greater impact on the current quality of life of older people. It is important to acknowledge that different measures of QoL might yield different results.

The Effect of Financial Distress, Company Size, Earning Persistence, and Profitability on Accounting Conservatism

This study aims to investigate the effect of financial distress, firm size, earning persistence, and profiability on accounting conservatism. This research is a quantitative research and uses secondary data which consists of financial reports. The dependent variable in this research is accounting conservatism. The independent variables in this research are financial distress, firm size, earning persistence, and profiability which measures by ROA. The unit of analysis and population which use in this research are companies which categorized in sector Consumer Non-Cyclical subsector beverages and processed food listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange for periods of 2017 – 2021. This research uses pusposive sampling method amounting 76 observation datas in type of unbalanced panel data.&#x0D; The results in this research are financial distress and profitability partially have a negative effect on accounting conservatism. Whereas, firm size and earning persistence partially do not affect the accounting conservatism. Based on those results, a companies which have a high level of financial distress are tend to loosen their accounting conservatism because the high level of financial distress is a bad news for investors and creditors whilst managers will attend to cover up this issue by loosen the accounting conservatism. Companies which have a high level of profitability will tend to loosen the accounting conservatism to manage their existence on public. Companies which have a low level of profitability are tend to strengthen the accounting conservatism as the evaluation material of the issue on low level profitability. For investors and creditors, this research is expected to be a refference for business decision. For manager, this research is expected to be a refference on implementation of accounting conservatism policy.

FINANCIAL DISTRESS OF ADULT CHILDREN TAKING CARE OF AGING PARENTS

Abstract Providing care to parents is often a rewarding experience for adult children, however, one trade-off is the toll it takes on the caregiver's own financial security. Using the framework of life course theory, the current research examines the sources of support (family, community and the government) that may reduce parental caregivers' financial distress. In this study, we examine whether intensive parental caregivers are experiencing financial distress and whether the association between caregiving and financial distress is ameliorated by the presence of having siblings, community support, and government policy supportive of caregiving. This study utilizes data provided by the fifth wave of the survey of health and retirement in Europe (SHARE). Preliminary analyses are consistent with previous studies, that providing intensive care to parents is associated with an increased risk of experiencing healthcare hardship. Moreover, the findings align with life course theory as having support from family members and the government is associated with lower levels of financial distress. However, the effect of community support is not significant. This study suggests that adult children, especially adult daughters, sacrifice their own financial security for the benefit of caring for their parents. In addition, having a broad support network, such as caregiving support groups and caregiving educational programs, can reduce adult children’s financial distress, and enable them to provide care longer, which avoids or delays the need for costly institutional care. Ongoing analyses examine the potential long-term consequences of caregiving.

Good corporate governance moderates the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure, financial distress and managerial ability on earnings management with variable

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure, financial distress, and managerial ability on earnings management and empirically test good corporate governance in moderating the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure, financial distress, and managerial ability on earnings management. The population in this study are all manufacturing companies listed on the IDX in 2017-2021. The sampling method used in this study was non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique and 70 samples were obtained. This research technique is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) using the SPSS program. The results of the study show that the corporate social responsibility disclosure has no significant effect on earnings management. Financial distress has a significant positive effect on earnings management, meaning that the higher the company's level of financial distress, the earnings management will increase. Managerial ability has no significant effect on earnings management. Good corporate governance is not able to moderate the corporate social responsibility disclosure on earnings management. Good corporate governance is able to weaken financial distress in earnings management, meaning that the higher the good corporate governance, the weaker the relationship between financial distress and earnings management.

Executive pay disparity and cost of debt financing

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the relationship between executive pay disparity and the cost of debt.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a sample of syndicated bank loans granted to United States (US) listed firms from 1992 to 2014 and adopt the loan yield spread (Chief Executive Officer (CEO) pay slice) as the main proxy for the cost of debt (executive pay disparity). The authors also use the Heckman two-stage model to address the sample selection bias and the two-stage least squares and propensity score matching methods to control the potential endogeneity issues. To test different views about executive pay disparity, the authors adopt the cash-to-stock ratio to proxy for managerial risk-shifting incentives.FindingsThe authors find that the cost of debt is significantly higher for firms with larger executive pay disparity, which is robust to sample selection bias, endogeneity concerns, alternative measures and various controls. This positive relationship increases with the risk-shifting incentives of CEOs instead of other top executives, which supports the managerial power view, and is stronger for firms with higher levels of financial distress. The findings suggest that creditors view executive pay disparity are associated with higher credit risk and CEO entrenchment.Originality/valueThis paper reveals one “dark” side of executive pay disparity: it increases the cost of debt and identifies a significant role played by CEOs' risk-shifting incentives. The authors provide direct evidence of the relevance of pay differential to corporate credit analysis.