Financial Contributions Research Articles

Millennials and generation Z employees’ financial knowledge and behaviour nexus perspective for public entities within eThekwini Municipality, South Africa

Financial knowledge and behaviour in millennials and Gen Z's turbulent and volatile environment are fundamental behavioural traits for a desirable work-life balance. They could contribute to work motivation and a comfortable social life. However, the financial knowledge, financial literacy and financial behaviour viewed from an organizational context are still far from homogeneity and linearity as Gen Y and Z have to navigate through challenging settings while thriving to enjoy financial and investment-balanced decision-making and problem-solving albeit limited disposable income against a plethora of spending pressures. This study explores the synergy between financial knowledge contribution and financial behaviour that culminates in sound investment prioritisation amongst Gen Y and Z professionals in the employment of public entities. The study used the qualitative research approach to unpack the challenges facing Gen Y and Z from fifteen professionals in navigating a prosperous financial future. The findings revealed that the existential restrictive nature of the economic climate and the sluggish economic growth, characterised by the heightened cost of living and inflationary pressure, have not exempted Gen Y and Z, while the broader society is experiencing the worst unemployment. The findings also revealed that even though the participants are in relatively well-remunerating positions from their respective positions, their financial knowledge and commensurate financial literacy could be superseded by actual financial behaviour, which is symptomatic with the current era of rampant price increases on almost every product, assets and purchases which are meant to improve their standard of living and stable quality of life.

The value of a neurosurgeon: is neurosurgical compensation proportional to value added? A systematic review of the literature and an update on a changing healthcare economy.

Determining the value of a neurosurgeon is complex. Services provided by neurosurgeons have a range of interested parties-from a patient's singular health interest to a community catchment area rendering on-call emergency services. Such complexity makes it difficult to determine and define value. As healthcare reimbursement changes continue to transition further toward value-based/bundled payments, such determinations remain difficult and confusing. Given these factors, now more than ever before, neurosurgeons need to be active participants in the evolving discussions surrounding healthcare advocacy, value, and compensation in an ever-evolving and convoluted system. The objective of this study was to review and present current trends within the evolving landscape of healthcare economics and their impacts on the perceived value of neurosurgical services. A systematic review regarding payments and compensation within neurosurgery was performed using a key term search. Additionally, a neurosurgical value model for hospitals was created using Medicare reimbursement methods to attempt to determine the financial contribution of a single neurosurgeon to a hospital system. Furthermore, Internal Revenue Service (IRS) form 990 tax filings from 5380 organizations were examined for comparative trends in profits and revenue on a hospital-wide basis. Mean and median annualized excess hospitalization revenue from a neurosurgeon over the same number of equal medical admissions was $5,120,533 and $5,141,160, respectively. For private practice groups, the annualized mean and median yearly hospital revenue over a comparable medical admission was calculated to be $1,539,704 and $1,902,555, respectively. For hospital-employed neurosurgeons, the respective addition of Medicare part B payments increased the mean and median values to $2,249,552 and $2,612,403, respectively. Analysis of nonprofit hospital IRS form 990 filings revealed a substantial increase in executive compensation and hospital revenue since 2011. Neurosurgeon median earnings over a similar period, reported through surveys, exhibited varied increases, but significant reporting variation exists. Medical compensation continues to evolve toward more value-driven methods. Value created as a neurosurgeon is complex, but it should not be underestimated as a key driver of hospital revenue, with up to $2.6 million created annually from neurosurgical hospital admissions. Further discussion is needed to elucidate alternative innovative payment strategies to ensure physicians remain active in the evolving structure of our healthcare system.

Community Lessons on Participatory Forest Management Performance within the Mau Forest Complex, Kenya

Forest resources are faced with challenges that range from mismanagement, overutilization, conflicts and competing claims. Consequently, this has given rise to legislation and policy to protect forests. However, many governments in developing countries have difficulties in implementing sustainable forest management (SFM). One of the strategies advocated to foster SFM is participatory forest management (PFM). The PFM approach has been practised formally in Kenya since 2005 when the Forests Act of 2005 came into force. The aim of this study was to assess PFM performance since the inception of three Community Forest Associations (CFAs), namely Nairotia, Nyangores and Olenguruone in the Transmara Forest Block within the Mau forest complex, Kenya. The data and information ranged from reviews from field meetings and in-depth focus group discussions with CFA members, Kenya Forest Service (KFS) officials and various key stakeholders. The results indicated that there are variations in results and progress towards PFM implementation in Kenya. While a number of activities had been carried out at each of the CFAs reviewed in the study, there was variation in terms of how the forest management agreements and plans were being implemented. In particular, the level of community and stakeholder participation, number of consultative meetings held and level of donor funding to facilitate participatory forest management plans (PFMP) development and project activities. A number of issues were also noted by CFAs as having been omitted in the management plans, specifically, benefit sharing. The absence of benefit sharing framework was cited often as a major drawback in PFM as it has constrained some of the anticipated benefits from forest activities. However, the community members indicated that there was improved awareness amongst them of the need to conserve the forest resources and controlled access to sustainable utilization of the forest resources

Can Religion Drive Malaysian Muslim Entrepreneurs to Embrace Challenges in Eco-Friendly Document Management and Contribute Financially In Sustainable Business as Part of Sustainable Development Goals?

Objective: The objectives of this study are to explore the practice of paperless document systems and the perception of financial contribution among Muslim entrepreneurs in Malaysia as an effort to achieve SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production. Theoretical Framework: This research is conducted based on the cyclical theory of civilisation of Ibn Khaldun especially on how civilisation rise and fall based on the resource management and governance, with sustainability playing a critical role in the prosperity and decline. Method: Surveys were distributed to 204 respondents who attended six-series of business management seminars, and interviews were conducted among 10 participants. The data were analysed using SPSS software and thematic analysis was conducted to analyse the interview. Results and Discussion: The results show that businesses use paperless document systems moderately. Many still switch between digital and physical storage. The financial commitment to sustainability is low. Most entrepreneurs were worried about high costs and the unexpected returns. There are a few major hurdles, like disorganized digital storage, limited knowledge and time to explore sustainability. However, some entrepreneurs feel driven to adopt sustainable practices because of their religious beliefs, particularly purpose as the Khalīfah. Research Implications: The findings provide initial data for future research especially in developing modules for Muslim entrepreneurs in Malaysia. It also provide the government and stakeholder on the factors and solutions of the contribution in sustainable business. Originality/Value: Its originality lies in its focus on the role of religion and knowledge in motivating Muslim entrepreneurs to contribute in sustainability vision of the governement, providing a new perspective different from other tangible and intangible motivation.

Why Are So Many U.S. Mothers Becoming Their Family's Primary Economic Support?

Although the growing prevalence of primary-earning mothers is well established, this article uses 1996 and 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation data to show U.S. mothers' rate of transition to primary-earner status increased by nearly 50% over the observed period. The rate of transition to primary earning predominantly increased among mothers with some college experience and mothers racialized as White, largely catching up to the rate among mothers identifying as Black. A decomposition analysis determined that relationship instability in marital and cohabiting relationships accounts for less than 20% of the increased transition rate, although somewhat more for Hispanic mothers. Roughly 75% of the growth in maternal primary-earning spells was attributed to situations in which the mother's earnings increased in isolation or, for mothers with a partner, often paired with a decrease in the partner's earnings. This latter circumstance was particularly the case for mothers identifying as Black or Asian. Findings show that most of the growth in mothers becoming primary earners from the mid-1990s to the mid-2010s occurred not because mothers experienced more household economic changes (frequency), but because household economic changes often increased mothers' relative financial contributions (impact). The impact component accounted for the entire increased transition rate across mothers' educational attainment and racial and ethnic identity.

Gender Dynamics and Economic Impacts: The Feminization of Indian Agriculture in India

The phenomenon known as feminization of agriculture, which emerged in India after privatisation, refers to a rise in the proportion of women employed in farming. But feminization does not inevitably result in empowerment because female workers receive lower wages than male workers. Gender discrimination, general bias against women, a lack of advancements in technology for women, limited control over resources, and limited market access are some of the barriers that prevent women from progressing in agriculture. The states with a greater number of people working in agriculture saw the smallest shifts in labour participation between men and women. As women become more involved in agriculture, they contribute significantly to household income and food production. This financial contribution can enhance their decision-making power within the family and community.As small-scale farmers contend with growing competition from larger agricultural operations, more men are migrating to urban centres in pursuit of higher-paying jobs. This leaves women responsible for sustaining the family structure and preserving the traditional small-scale farming way of life. As a result, there is rising concern over the disparity between women's actual economic contributions and the public's perception of them. The first step in feminising agriculture and empowering women is to recognise the obstacles that women face in the sector. There are two in particular that are closely related i.e. land and credit. It is imperative to implement policy initiatives and programmes that advance gender equality, facilitate access to resources and training, and foster positive social situations. Social mobilization, collective action, community education, and community-based marketing are necessary. The focus on women's access to land and natural resources has the potential to greatly improve their capacity to produce and obtain food.

Stakeholder Perceptions of the Impact of Sinking Artificial Reefs in Bali Island Waters (Case Study: Indonesian Coral Reef Garden (ICRG) Nusa Dua, Bali)

The research conducted on coral reef conservation efforts in Bali illuminates the significant challenges facing this renowned marine tourism destination. Despite its importance, the island struggles with preserving its coral reefs, prompting the implementation of the 2020 Integrated Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program (ICRG) supported by National Economic Recovery (PEN) funds, which has primarily focused on deploying artificial reefs in Nusa Dua waters. However, with only 74.3 Ha of a potential 204 Ha restoration area addressed, there is a clear need for intensified action. Through closed questionnaires distributed to key stakeholders, including government bodies, academic institutions, tourists, and coral reef conservation organizations, it's evident that stakeholders universally recognize the importance of artificial reefs and advocate for public involvement and adherence to local customary laws in conservation efforts. Analysis of the data underscores a strong awareness among respondents, with 69% comprehensively understanding the ecological, economic, and social functions of coral reefs. Impressively, 92% express willingness to contribute towards their preservation, either through labor or financial means, with financial contributions ranging from Rp. 25,000 to Rp. 150,000 and 30% indicating a readiness to allocate 5% of their annual income to this cause. These findings highlight stakeholders' deep commitment to coral reef conservation in Bali but also stress the ongoing necessity for sustained engagement and support to ensure the success and long-term sustainability of restoration initiatives in the island's prized marine tourism destinations.

Value and virtue in the extended reality (XR) industry

ABSTRACT It is increasingly common to see policymakers, industry, and regulators calling for governance of the ‘metaverse' – often envisioned as a technological stack supported by extended reality (XR) technology. This article focuses on the governance of XR by one major industrial stakeholder, Meta. We report on a thematic content analysis of partnership initiatives undertaken by Meta's Reality Labs division falling under the company's XR Programs and Research Fund (XPRF) – a US$50M scheme beginning in September 2021 (and ending September 2023), funding academic, industrial, and policy partnerships to ensure XR is 'developed responsibly'. We show that partnerships under the XRPRF are scoped predominantly around the prevention of social harm in XR (such as gender-based harassment and protecting children in VR) and promoting equity in XR software production, emphasizing diversity in geography and identity. These initiatives are framed as both socially and economically beneficial. We also examine the underlying political and economic interests guiding these partnership efforts – asking who really stands to benefit, and why. While we take a critical perspective to Meta's XRPRF, we believe things to be more complicated than beneficiaries of industry funding simply ‘selling out' or Meta exerting top-down power (by ‘buying’ research or policy influence aligned with their business interests). Rather, we argue that the XRPRF allows Meta to shape the contours of conversation and critique about where the harms in this emerging suite of technology are concentrated.

Influence of Credit Limitations on the Growth of Small Enterprises in Fragile States: The case of Bosaso, Somalia

In recent years, the development of small enterprises has emerged as a vital component of economic growth and poverty alleviation in many countries. This study aimed to investigate the influence of credit limitations on the growth of Small Enterprises in Bosaso, Somalia. To achieve this objective primary data was collected and analyzed employing content analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study revealed that a majority of small enterprises in Bosaso have access to credit, with Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) and banks being the primary sources. However, a significant minority still lacks access to credit, mainly due to weak banking infrastructure and insufficient collateral. Small enterprises face numerous challenges when seeking loans, including insufficient guarantor, Political instability, limited financial infrastructure, high interest rates, and limited collateral. These challenges hinder their ability to access credit, limiting their growth potential. Also, the regression analysis indicated a positive and significant relationship between credit availability and small enterprise growth. Conversely, the access to loan and the cost of credit were found to have negative impacts on growth. On the other hand, Small Enterprises in Bosaso employ various coping strategies to overcome credit limitations, including informal financing, asset-based financing, diversification of income streams, cost reduction measures, and seeking grants or donor funding. Based on these findings, the authors made several recommendations to address the challenges and enhance the growth prospects of small enterprises in Bosaso, Somalia.

Nutritional guidance needs and influence factors for gastric cancer survivors in primary healthcare setting: a cross-sectional survey.

This study aimed to build a comprehensive understanding of the nutritional guidance needs of gastric cancer survivors in the primary healthcare setting that could be fulfilled by community health service centers as part of their primary healthcare services. Gastric cancer survivors were invited to participate in a questionnaire-based survey by convenience sampling method from the community health center. Relationships between nutritional demand and potential influence factors were examined by a multivariable logistic regression model. A total of 200 gastric cancer survivors were recruited from the community health service center in Shanghai, China, from whom we obtained 194 valid questionnaires, resulting in a 97.0% response rate. Of these gastric survivor participants, 48 individuals (24.7%) expressed a need for nutritional guidance administered by community health service centers, whereas 146 participants (75.3%) held the perspective that such guidance was unnecessary. Preferences for nutritional guidance included having a dietitian as the provider (68.8%), home-based engagement (72.9%), face-to-face consultation (68.8%), individual counseling (87.5%), and beginning immediately post-discharge (89.6%). A notable reluctance (66.7%) towards financial contribution was also observed. After adjusting for confounders, participants with higher income level (odds ratio (OR) = 4.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.39-15.50), history of food intake reduction (OR = 14.96, 95% CI = 3.49-82.28), and gastrointestinal symptoms (OR = 4.40, 95% CI = 1.35-14.33) were more likely to seek nutritional guidance. Gastric cancer survivors have a certain need for nutritional guidance administered by primary health service centers. Personal guidance by the primary health service center should be provided to gastric cancer survivors to support their dietary and nutritional intake needs. There is a need to develop and implement nutritional guidance programs in community health service centers as part of their primary healthcare services for gastric cancer survivors.

Effect of Financial Management Skills on the Effectiveness of Donor Fund Utilization in Health Projects in Tanzania

Effect of Financial Management Skills on the Effectiveness of Donor Fund Utilization in Health Projects in Tanzania

Franchise Sözleşmesinin Kuramsal Çerçevesinin Özel Hukuk Bağlamında İncelenmesi

Firstly, in the franchise agreement, there is no relationship between the parties such as dependent or independent merchant assistance, on the contrary, the parties to the agreement are completely independent of each other. Dec. Secondly, the parties to this agreement do the work they do on their own behalf and accounts. Franchise refers to a system consisting of intellectual or industrial property rights related to trademarks, trade names, store signs, utility models, designs, copyrights, know-how or patents that will be used for the resale of goods or the provision of services to on users. The franchise agreement, on the other hand, includes a number of obligations of the franchisor in which the franchisor grants the franchisor the right to use a franchise for the purpose of marketing certain types of goods or services in exchange for direct or indirect financial contribution, and at least; the use of a common brand or business name and the uniform appearance of facilities or means of transportation; the transfer of know-how by the franchisor to the franchisor; the continuous commercial and technical support of the franchisor by the franchisor during the agreement. In this context, the franchise agreement; it is possible to define the right to sell, distribute or operate a product or service belonging to the franchisor as a concession in a certain region in favor of the franchisee, including the use of intangible assets such as names, brands, signs, know-how, presentation and marketing strategies belonging to it, as well as a bilateral, urgent legal framework agreement that includes the inclusion of the franchisee in the organization and concept established by the franchisor with certain obligations, goals and limitations. Key Words: Franchise, Franchise Agreement, Competition, Private Law

Flexible ngo-donor coordination in aid interventions to strengthen resilience: the case of Lebanon’s primary healthcare system

IntroductionWith shifts in international aid, international donors have increasingly regarded non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as capable of providing alternative public service arrangements. As funding flows to NGOs, particularly in contexts where...

Slavery, Colonialism and Civic Culture: The Development of Philanthropic Institutions in North East Scotland

This article explores the links between the development of civic culture, philanthropic endeavours, and the proceeds of enslavement and colonialism in North East Scotland. Assessment of the financial records of establishments dedicated to improving health, poor relief and education in this region underpins this article. This article demonstrates that the North East's colonial elite were keen philanthropists in ways similar to their counterparts elsewhere in Britain. Colonial capital played a discernible – if at times minor – role in funding North East philanthropy. There were differing degrees of impact across each institution, both in the scale of the financial contribution and its geographical provenance. Moreover, the evidence detailed in this article suggests that the Caribbean and South Asia milieu in the North East took different approaches to philanthropy. The former contributed more regularly and often to existing institutions; the latter tended toward endowing new projects. Deriving its conclusions from under-examined evidence and a Caribbean-South Asia comparative framework, this article shows that research on philanthropic organisations can generate a clearer understanding of the legacies of enslavement and colonialism in Scotland.

Tracking Employee Lifetime Value: Strategically Leveraging Metrics to Grow Your Talent Pipeline and Bottom Line

This practitioner-oriented research brief examines why and how companies can strategically track employee lifetime value (ELV) metrics. ELV refers to the total financial contributions and indirect cost savings an employee provides over their career both within and beyond their tenure at an organization. After outlining the scholarly foundation demonstrating ELV as a key driver of competitive advantage, productivity, revenue and firm performance, the brief delves into methods for quantifying ELV. Two primary components are contribution value from direct compensation and indirect support roles, as well as retention value from avoided replacement expenses and future referral potential. Examples are given of calculating ELV through estimating average tenure, forecasting contribution streams, incorporating various rates and modeling knowledge depreciation. The brief then analyzes how leveraging robust ELV insights supports strategic decisions around talent deployment, succession planning, training investments, and evaluating alignment of strategies to sustain ELV. Finally, real-world case studies from the technology and financial services industries demonstrate multi-billion dollar impacts achieved by companies that proactively track and maximize employee lifetime value through workforce planning and positive engagement of employee networks.

The Role of Human Resource Management in African Construction Companies

African countries have been heavily investing in construction projects, both infrastructure and superstructure. The construction industry is one the rapidly growing sectors in the continent and it greatly contributes to employment. The population increase and the urbanization in the continent, the strong growth of the construction sector is inevitable. However, there are still many crucial challenges to overcome, financing, available electrical grids, transportation, procurement, and skilled employees. Human Resources Management plays an important role within a Construction Organizations, Institutions, Associations or Companies in terms of work distribution. It is also the principal nerve otherwise the skeleton of any business that we want to achieve an efficient and effective goal in short, medium and long run time. Our case of study, GUICOPRESS - Guinea shows the real situation of building construction in Africa in general and Guinea in particular. Guinea is a large open work place which needs to be well - structured and organized, because of the lack of modern facilities around the country. Conakry the capital city has poor architecture and infrastructures. Shanties are sharing the same zone or space with luxurious buildings here and there so that it is difficult to see the beauty of the city although it is the largest city in Guinea. According to the business local magazine “Gniouma, 2020”, GUICOPRESS employs more than 10, 000 employees in Guinea and stays the leader of small and medium size companies in Guinea. This strong capacity of that enterprise is due to the strong policy implemented by its General Management Director, who likes innovating his works, by investing some huge amount of money in manpower and machinery purchasing. Beyond its financial contribution, GUICOPRESS - Guinea contributes a lot in the charity’s field through its social unit called “KPC for Humanity” assisting beggars, building schools in remote areas for poor communities.

The economic and social burden of congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP) in Italy

Background: Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an abnormal clotting process leading to serious health complications such as thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia. Despite its clinical significance, the estimated broader economic and social impacts in Italy on patients and society remain underexplored. Methods: A detailed questionnaire, developed and validated by a panel of cTTP experts, was distributed to healthcare professionals and patient associations to gather comprehensive data on the economic and social burden of cTTP in Italy. The study was focused on direct and indirect costs associated with the disease management of 15 patients with cTTP, as well as out-of-pocket expenses incurred by patients. Results: The analysis revealed that of the 15 patients diagnosed with cTTP in Italy, 60% were adults aged 40-55 years. Productivity loss and diminished quality of life dominated the economic burden of cTTP, accounting for 81.05% of total costs. Direct medical costs, while substantial, represented a smaller portion of the overall financial impact. Additionally, out-of-pocket expenses, though constituting the smallest fraction, underscored the financial contributions made by patients towards their own care management. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to cTTP management that extends beyond the clinical treatment. Addressing the economic and social implications of the disease is crucial for improving patient well-being and ensuring the sustainability of healthcare systems. The study advocates for increased awareness, research, and access to care for cTTP patients, highlighting the importance of comprehensive support networks to mitigate the disease’s broader societal impacts, estimated to be around 2 million euro for 15 patients in 10 years.

Nahu Sanamang in the Tradition of Tulehu Indigenous People: A Study of Reciprocity in Maluku

This research explores the Nahu Sanamang tradition in Negeri Tulehu, Maluku, as a form of reciprocity in indigenous communities. Nahu Sanamang is a practice of gotong-royong that involves financial and social contributions to various celebrations, such as weddings, aqiqah, and other religious events. Through an ethnographic approach, this research reveals how this tradition functions in maintaining solidarity, identity, and social structure amidst changing times. Data were collected through interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The results show that Nahu Sanamang plays a key role in maintaining communal and spiritual values in Negeri Tulehu, as well as helping Indigenous people face the challenges of modernization. The tradition reflects a form of balanced reciprocity that strengthens social cohesion and demonstrates cultural adaptation in the face of globalization dynamics.

Strategic Management Practices and Accessibility of Non-Governmental Organizations to Donor Funding in Turkana County, Kenya

Non-governmental organizations exist in international development to offer services to vulnerable persons and communities, and as policy advocate’s campaigners. The contemporary environment in which non-governmental organizations operate is increasingly becoming uncertain and unpredictable, with an increased inability to meet budget allocation due to inadequate funds. This study examined strategic management practices and accessibility of non-governmental organizations’ to donor funding in Turkana County, Kenya. The study specifically examined the influence of strategy implementation and strategy evaluation and accessibility of non-governmental organizations’ donor funding in Turkana County, Kenya. The study was grounded on theories that included: Strategic fit theory and Resource dependency theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Respondents were selected using stratified random sampling. The study targeted the low-level, middle-level and senior managers of the 30 non-governmental organizations operating in Turkana County. The research relied on structured questionnaires in the data collection process. Inferential statistics and descriptive statistics were utilized in data analysis. The study also relied on frequencies, mean and standard deviation in presenting descriptive results. The inferential statistics used were correlation analysis, regression analysis and analysis of variances. The findings of the study revealed a statistically significant regression effect and indicative of accomplished prediction of accessibility of Non-governmental organizations to donor funding through the F-calculated value which showed that the model was significant. Strategy implementation explained 49.1%, and strategy evaluation 44.3% the variations in accessibility of Non-governmental organizations to donor funding in Turkana County, Kenya. The study recommended for further research work to be conducted to review the influence of other variables on accessibility of non-governmental organizations to donor funding in Turkana county and other counties in Kenya. Keywords: Strategy implementation, Strategy Evaluation, Accessibility of NGO’s to Donor Funding

Entrepreneurial Skills and Performance of Women’s Small Enterprises in Turkana County, Kenya

Performance enterprise is important determinant for survival and meeting stakeholders’ interests. However, a performance enterprise has been a concern as many small enterprises report dismal performances. Entrepreneurial dimensions are reported to leverage competitiveness, survival and growth of enterprises. Thus, study attempted to examine influence of entrepreneurial skills on performance of women owned small enterprises in Turkana County, Kenya. The study was guided by three specific objectives: evaluate the influence networking skills on performance of women’s small enterprises, to determine influence of communication skills on performance of women’s small enterprises and to investigate the influence of innovation skills on performance of women’s small enterprises in Turkana County, Kenya. The study was anchored on the Opportunity Based Entrepreneurship Theory, stakeholders’ theory and resource based firm theory. The study employed descriptive research design consisting of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population was 1235 respondents, comprising of the management/owners of the women enterprises in Turkana County, Kenya. The sample size was 302 respondents obtained using the simple random techniques. The study utilized questionnaires to collect data. A pilot test was conducted to ensure data validity and reliability of the research instrument. The study employed both descriptive and inferential statistics with aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29 software. Descriptive statistics such as mean, frequencies and standard deviations assisted in summarizing sample characteristics, while inferential statistics regression, correlations and ANOVA to establish relationships. The findings of the study created insights among the operators influence of entrepreneurial skills on performance of women’s small enterprises in Turkana County, Kenya. Secondly, contribute to policy makers’ influence of contributing entrepreneurial skills on performance of women’s small enterprises. Lastly, to results contributed to academic discourse on entrepreneurial skills on performance of firms. Networking skills explained 43.2% of performance of women’s small enterprises in Turkana County, Kenya, communication skills 61.0%, and innovation skills 38.2% of performance of women’s small enterprises in Turkana County, Kenya. The study recommended for further research work to be conducted to review the influence of other variables on performance of women’s small enterprises in other counties in Kenya. Keywords: Strategy implementation, Strategy Evaluation, Accessibility of NGO’s to Donor Funding