Financial Aspects Research Articles

Participatory budgeting in Russia in conditions of economic instability

Subject. The article considers theoretical and methodological aspects of participatory budgeting development in Russia. Objectives. The aim is to substantiate the effects of using the participatory budgeting under economic instability. Methods. The study draws on general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, and analogy), and special methods of cognition (comparison of theoretical and practical material, expert method, systematization, and classification). Results. Changes in methodological aspects of budget planning significantly affected the implementation of budget policy. Budget planning is influenced by internal and external factors, and by entities with which public legal entities have to interact at the subnational level. The paper focuses on financial aspects of participatory budgeting, like the total amount of funding for participatory budgeting projects, the average cost per project, the number of funded projects, sources of funding. I investigated options for including participatory budgeting in the budget process of Russian regions and municipalities and identified two main ones used by public legal entities. Conclusions. The study substantiates why participatory budgeting is advisable to apply in conditions of economic instability and uncertainty. It highlights the effects of the development of participatory budgeting practices and specifics of their implementation at the municipal level. The findings can be useful for public authorities, local governments, and those involved in participatory budgeting.

Diagnostic Instrument Design: Teleworking Efficiency Index

Purpose: To present the design of a new diagnostic tool called “Telework Efficiency Index” that is able to evaluate the performance of the telework modality for any business activity.   Method: For the design of the telework efficiency index, it was necessary to reveal some current experiences of the phenomenon of telework in Argentina, carrying out a field investigation through surveys and in-depth interviews with three companies operating at national and international level, two of them belonging to the telecommunications and IT sector, and another, belonging to the tourism sector as a corporate agency.   Results and conclusion: The field research carried out for the design of a new teleworking diagnostic tool, shows quite strong results of the benefits associated with the company and its workers. There is a better balance between work and family/personal activity in terms of a proportion of time spent on the order of 45% for work activities and 35% for family and personal leisure activities. í 83.33% of respondents say that the link in the ón labor relationship has improved since teleworking, and with respect to the link with their íworkñ 60% say that it has improved. In addition, 60% said they were á with teleworking, and the remaining 40% were very satisfied. Being that 50% states that the level of stress at work has decreased and has significantly improved their quality of life at the same time as their work performance. é. The biggest deficiency in 76.66% lies in the imperative need to educate and train the skills and abilities of people to perform telework optimally. The telework efficiency index represents a diagnostic tool that evaluates the performance of telework, taking as a central axis of analysis the person who exercises telework over other variables of lower incidence such as the technological infrastructure and the economic and financial aspects of organizations.   Implications of research: A phenomenon of growing global trend is taken as a starting point, which emerges strongly in recent decades as a result of the great development of information and communication technologies in the productive and social field, and in particular, from the COVID-19 pandemic that has definitively consolidated telework as a new modality of work organization, which benefits all parties involved. In this framework, the design of a diagnostic tool "telework efficiency index" that evaluates the performance of telework is presented, and facilitates better strategic decisions in organizations in the new era that transits society and the productive sector.   Originality/value: This study allows to present to the productive community a new diagnostic tool that evaluates the performance of telework, where the psychological and emotional aspects of the people willing to exercise telework over technological issues are placed in the center of the scene. This tool provides an original contribution of analysis to the discipline, considering telework as a disruptive methodology of work organization.

Evaluating clinical practice guidelines for the management of rectal cancer: Did they get it RIGHT?

Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are crucial tools for clinicians seeking to deliver evidence-based patient care. We utilized the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) checklist to assess the reporting quality of CPGs addressing the management of rectal cancer. Four multidisciplinary rectal cancer CPGs published 2017-2022 were evaluated: American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). We quantitatively assessed each CPG using the RIGHT checklist and qualitative analysis was performed to generate common themes. RIGHT checklist items fulfilled by each CPG ranged from 12 to 17 (out of 22). Each guideline demonstrated unique categories of weakness: ASCRS in Basic Information (1 of 4 items), ESMO in Evidence (1 of 3), NCCN in Recommendations (1 of 3), and NICE in Review and Quality Assurance (0 of 2). Common themes that emerged included sprase discussion on the financial aspects of rectal cancer management and lack of transparency in formulating recommendations. Despite their variability, each of the 22 checklist elements are present in contemporary CPGs. Utilizing the RIGHT checklist would allow experts to create guidelines adhering to high-quality reporting standards.

Sentiment and attitudes toward offsetting and the biodiversity market in online media articles.

Biodiversity offsetting, a conservation approach to offset loss of habitat and ecosystem services, has been widely accepted and implemented in different legislative frameworks around the globe. I assigned sentiment scores (from -3 [very negative] to +3 [very positive]) to online news articles to examine public sentiment toward offsetting. I identified 86 pertinent articles published from 2013 to 2023 by web scraping online media outlets through keywords. I examined article content based on topics commonly associated in scientific literature with offsetting, such as risks or financial aspects. Most articles were from Australia (44%), 16% were from the United Kingdom, and 5% were from Colombia and Madagascar. Three distinct groups covered finances (n=47), species, and social impacts of offsetting (n = 23) and offsetting frameworks (n=16). Articles covering monetary and finance aspects had a lower predicted sentiment score (-0.72, 95% CI -0.98 to -0.47) than articles that covered new, alternative offsetting forms (-0.15, 95% CI -0.46 to 0.17), such as mitigation banking and credits. In articles focused on charismatic species and loss of livelihood, offsetting risk and social issues were associated with low sentiment scores (<-0.85). Sentiment scores were high for articles on offsetting at a multicountry or global scale (0.47, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.99), and scores were the lowest in Australia (-1.03, 95% CI -1.36 to -0.70). Public sentiment based on media articles was generally negative toward offsetting, and many of the ecological and methodological issues and risks were reflected in the articles, but mitigation measures as a prerequisite to offsetting were mentioned in only 18% of all articles. With the seemingly high public interest in conservation and hence offsetting, it will be imperative to expand the current breadth of information about offsetting that is being communicated or made available to the public.

Strategy of Productive Waqf Utilization as a Medium for Food Security in Indonesia: An AHP Approach

This study aims to determine the problems that exist in the use of waqf as a medium for food security in Indonesia and the priority solutions for the use of productive waqf as a medium for food security in Indonesia in terms of institutional, infrastructure, financial, community and government aspects. this is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This study used seven expert respondents representing academics, practitioners and regulators who were asked to assess the problems and solutions for the use of productive waqf as a medium for food security in Indonesia. Based on the opinion of respondents, the biggest problem in the use of productive waqf as a medium for food security in Indonesia is the lack of socialization to the public regarding productive waqf as a medium for food security. The priority solutions in this research are waqf institutions and the government need to collaborate in implementing productive waqf utilization as a medium for food security in Indonesia. Furthermore, in general the aspect that is considered the most problematic is the government aspect, while the priority for solutions is the institutional aspect. Therefore, in the use of productive waqf as a medium for food security in Indonesia, the public needs to increase their understanding of productive waqf as a medium for food security, the government needs to collaborate with waqf institutions and farmer groups as well as waqf institutions need to improve their professionalism.

Uncovering the themes and trends in crowdfunding research using Latent Dirichlet Allocation

AbstractCrowdfunding (CF) has become a significant force in the entrepreneurial landscape, offering an innovative alternative to traditional financing channels for startups and projects. As the field expands, it is crucial to systematically analyze the existing literature to identify key themes, patterns, and emerging areas of interest. To achieve this goal, this study investigates the CF literature using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA)-based topic modeling based on 1,678 publications extracted from the Scopus database. The review reveals significant growth in CF research, with top journals spanning diverse disciplines. Eight main topics are identified, including CF campaign success and financing, donation-based CF, social effects of CF, entrepreneurial projects and rewards in CF, financial and fintech aspects of CF, CF project success and performance, P2P lending models and credit risk assessment, and equity CF and venture capital. Several research directions are suggested for each topic to advance the CF field. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed. To the authors’ best knowledge, this study represents the first systematic analysis of the CF literature using the LDA approach, offering a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of this field and highlighting emerging areas of interest and potential research directions.

Analyzing the Dynamics of Social, Economic, and Cultural Changes and the Role of Institutions in Oil Palm Agribusiness Development

This research aims to reveal the dynamics of social, economic, and cultural changes in agribusiness institutions in oil palm development locations. Then reveal the role of each agribusiness institution in oil palm development locations. Using a qualitative approach to build a post-positivism approach. The research location is limited to the community (farmers) in Anggabaeri District and Besulutu District, Konawe Regency. These two research areas were chosen purposively. The database used in determining farmer groups is groups that are active and registered in the Extension Information System or SIMLUH data so 22 informants were obtained consisting of farmer group institutions, cooperative institutions, and government agencies, as well as from the Agricultural Extension Center. Specifically for farmers, the informants selected consisted of independent and plasma farmers. Data was obtained by distributing questionnaires and interviews and then analyzed descriptively. The results of the analysis show that from a social, economic, and cultural perspective, the presence of oil palm plantations brings significant changes. These changes include shifts in social stratification, interaction patterns, and improvements in health status. Apart from that, the regional economic structure is also undergoing a transformation which has an impact on increasing the income of various communities such as workers and farmers. Then there is the role of institutions, especially farmer groups, and cooperatives, in supporting and facilitating farmers' interests as a learning vehicle, production unit, and collaboration forum. Extension institutions play an important role in increasing farmers' capacity, and cooperatives contribute significantly to the provision of production facilities, transportation, and marketing of crops. An important finding is the important role of cooperatives in managing various risks associated with oil palm farming. These risks include business, financial, social, and legal engineering aspects. Cooperatives play an important role in mitigating these risks and ensuring the overall well-being and success of their members.

Power Plant Maintenance Investment Decision Making Based on Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Risk Cost Case Study: Replacement Tube HRSG 1.2 Combine Cycle Power Plant Belawan

This study analyzes the feasibility of investing in the HRSG 1.2 replacement tube as a guide in making decisions based on reliability, availability, maintainability as an operational aspect, and risk cost as a risk aspect and analyzes the financial aspect. This feasibility analysis was carried out on 3 alternative options, namely just replacing the leaking HRSG 1.2 tube or corrective maintenance, doing the HRSG 1.2 tube replacement as a whole and doing the HRSG 1.2 tube replacement partially. In the analysis of operational aspects, it was obtained an increase in the reliability value of HRSG 1.2 by 0.137, an increase in the availability of HRSG 1.2 by 0.016 and an increase in the maintainability of HRSG 1.2 by 0.0006, so that it could increase operational performance combine cycle power plant block I. In the financial aspect analysis, capital budgeting was calculated which resulted in a net present value of IDR 360.419.186.184 and an internal rate of return of 7,51%. Meanwhile, in the risk aspect analysis, the risk cost value is below the risk appetite statement and in the moderate category. So that the investment work to maintain the HRSG 1.2 CCPP Belawan replacement tube is feasible to increase company value.

Satisfaction with Teleophthalmology Services: Insights from Remote Areas of Taiwan.

During and after the COVID-19 pandemic, teleophthalmology provided access to eye care for rural populations. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of and satisfaction with an integrated real-time videoconferencing module. This project incorporated ophthalmic instruments and telecommunication devices and provided on-site consultations via videoconferencing. Both patients and healthcare providers completed satisfaction questionnaires. From May 2020 to May 2021, this project provided eye care services to 395 patients (aged 6-90 years). The most frequent eye condition was chronic conjunctivitis (n = 197), followed by senile cataract (n = 163), dry eye (n = 103), and refractive error (n = 95). Among them, 40 (10.1%) patients were referred to secondary or tertiary hospitals for further evaluation or treatment. In total, 181 recruited respondents provided good satisfaction scores in all dimensions, including quality of medical care (4.50 of 5.00), financial aspects of care (4.48), supportive attitude toward the project (4.47), quality of service (4.40), and quality of telecommunication (4.40). Women had a substantially more supportive attitude toward the project, and 25 healthcare providers provided low ratings in areas representing the quality of telecommunication (4.04) and user-friendliness of the instrument (4.00). This teleophthalmology system provided efficient and satisfactory eye care to participants in remote communities. However, better internet access and training in instrument use can reduce obstacles to the future implementation of the project.

Pilot Study on Sources of Agriculture Finance and Challenges for Farmers

Abstract: A pilot study is one of the essential stages in research. This paper aims to describe the important steps involve in executing a pilot study by using an example of descriptive study of agriculture finance. Agricultural finance refers to the of the financial aspects of the farm business. Agriculture is the economy’s key sector. Finance concerns connected to agricultural product production and disposal are included in the financial elements. When we talk about the financial aspects of agriculture, we’re talking about the capital required for agriculture practice, the essential finances raised, and the pattern of use of those funds. Agricultural finance is also a part of agricultural economics that deals with the provision of bank services and financial farm units, as well as their management.

What are we worried about? Midlife married couples' financial concerns about their retirement

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored how marital financial collaboration and approval along with financial constructs predicted midlife couples' reports of retirement financial concerns.BackgroundRetirement is an expected time of life that many couples plan for in advance. Despite knowing that years of life without regular income are anticipated, many people experience financial strain in retirement, which can impact their marital happiness.MethodData for this study came from a sample of 324 midlife (Mage = 44 years) couples that participated in the Flourishing Families study. We examined predictors of financial worries for retirement using dyadic probit regression models.ResultsResults suggested that both husbands and wives worried about having insufficient income and heavy debt in retirement, and that husbands had particular concerns about excess spending. Findings from predictive models suggested that husbands and wives both reported that better financial collaboration, husbands' approval of partners' financial behaviors, better physical health, and to some degree higher income, higher education, and having retirement savings, were protective against financial worries for retirement. In contrast, wives' reports of having retirement benefits and working more hours per week were risk factors.ConclusionMarital financial collaboration and approval of partner financial responsibility by both members of dyads may have lifelong benefits, including as couples prepare for retirement.ImplicationsEfforts to provide greater access to retirement savings plans may also support couples from various social and economic backgrounds. Findings suggest that marital happiness in retirement could be increased as spouses work together in financial aspects of their lives.

Costs of fracture-related infection: the impact on direct hospital costs and healthcare utilisation.

Fracture-Related Infection (FRI) is associated with high medical costs and prolonged healthcare utilization. However, limited data is available on the financial impact. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of FRI on direct hospital costs and healthcare utilization. This was a retrospective cohort study in a level-1 trauma centre in the Netherlands. Patients ≥ 18 years, after open reduction and internal fixation of a long bone fracture between January 1st 2016 and November 1st 2021, were included. Exclusion criteria were Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16, indefinable data on costs or incomplete follow-up. Hospital costs related to fracture treatment were individually calculated based on procedure codes raised with a fixed percentage of overhead expenses, in line with hospital billing policies. In total, 246 patients were included with a median follow-up of 1 year (IQR 0.6-1.8). A total of 45 patients developed FRI, of whom 15 patients had an FRI recurrence. Compared to non-FRI patients, median hospital costs from an FRI patient without and with recurrence, were respectively three (3.1) and seven (7.6) times higher. Compared to non-FRI patients, increased costs in patients with FRI or recurrent FRI are due to respectively a fivefold or even tenfold prolonged length-of-stay, two or seven additional infection-related surgeries, and 21 or 55 days of intravenous antibiotic treatment. Direct healthcare costs of patients with single occurrence of FRI after long bone fracture treatment are three times higher compared to non-FRI patients. In case of FRI-recurrence, the differences in costs might even increase to sevenfold. To put this in perspective, cost of severely injured trauma patients were recently established at approximately 25.000 euros. Compared to non-FRI patients, increased costs in patients with FRI or recurrent FRI are due to respectively a fivefold or even tenfold prolonged length-of-stay, two or seven additional infection-related surgeries and 21 or 55 days of intravenous antibiotic treatment. Not only from patient perspective but also from a financial aspect, it is important to focus on prevention of (recurrent) FRI.

Subjects of financial monitoring of cryptocurrency circulation in Ukraine and their powers: financial and legal aspect

The article proves the relevance of studying the subjects of financial monitoring of cryptocurrency circulation in Ukraine and their powers. Based on the analysis of scientific developments on the outlined issues, the author substantiates the absence of systematic scientific developments on the outlined issues.&#x0D; The purpose of the article is to substantiate proposals for clarifying the subjects of financial monitoring of cryptocurrency circulation in Ukraine and their powers.&#x0D; The author clarifies the classification of subjects of financial monitoring of cryptocurrency circulation. According to the first criterion, «level of financial monitoring», the law distinguishes between subjects of general monitoring (the State Financial Monitoring Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Digital Transformation, the National Bank of Ukraine, the National Securities and Stock Market Commission) and internal monitoring (banks, insurance and other financial institutions, exchanges and other participants in the virtual asset market, and individuals).&#x0D; According to the second criterion, «time of conduct», financial monitoring of cryptocurrency circulation is divided into preliminary, current and subsequent, and the subjects of these types of financial monitoring are identified accordingly.&#x0D; Based on the results of the study, the author suggests that the Law of Ukraine «On Prevention and Counteraction to Legalisation (Laundering) of Proceeds of Crime, Terrorist Financing and Financing of Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction» should be amended to provide for the division of subjects of financial monitoring of cryptocurrency circulation not by types of virtual assets, but by levels of such monitoring (general, internal), and also depending on the time of its conduct (preliminary, current, subsequent). When improving this Law, it is advisable to: define the mechanism for financial monitoring of cryptocurrency circulation, which should cover the entirety of the specified types of virtual assets; specify the powers of the subjects of each type of financial monitoring.&#x0D; The author concludes that, taking into account the novelties of legislation and the author’s own proposals, it is advisable to include a separate set of such entities as subjects of financial monitoring of cryptocurrency circulation in Ukraine, which is the scientific novelty of this study. At the same time, as a direction for further research, it is necessary to note the development of a model for financial monitoring of cryptocurrency circulation, taking into account important developments of the European experience in this context.

Exposure and preparedness for wartime inflation in the EU: Retrospective cluster analysis

AbstractThe impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on energy prices contributed significantly to European price increases in 2022. The study aims to find a linkage between the performance of 24 EU countries during the energy inflation crisis and their preparedness, vulnerability or exposure. The verified hypotheses reflect on the role of initial conditions of countries and the one-year impact of energy inflation on their economic performance. The two-step analysis first creates six clusters of countries based on their energy, trade, financial and political vulnerability, and preparedness indicators. The second step is to explore the shifts of clusters in expectations on macroeconomic indicators. Specific patterns of country groups are explored in the value and evolution of wartime indicators of inflation, GDP growth, consumer and business confidence, as well as FX volatility. The exploration concludes that the entry variables of clustering are relevant, and the EU countries can be segmented by dependency, energy, financial, and political aspects. Thus, it is possible to verify the distance in risk and exposure among EU economies. The impact variables demonstrated that the extent of the inflationary effect depended on the initial conditions. In addition, the research identified protective short-term factors against energy inflation originating in a trade and war context.

The role of defence countertrade in Chinese geoeconomic diplomacy

ABSTRACT Since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative, many studies have analysed Beijing’s geoeconomic diplomacy. However, analysis has principally focused on the investment and financial aspects, ignoring the strategic dimensions of military technology exports and the means of financing them. This paper seeks to fill this scholarship gap by critically exploring Chinese defence countertrade deals, especially barter and offset, as a component of geoeconomic diplomacy. The findings suggest that while China’s geoeconomic diplomacy reflects traditional Western mercantilist goals, it also displays uniquely Chinese characteristics.

РОЗВИТОК ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ДЕРЖАВИ

Abstract. The article highlights the current issues of development of investment security of the state. It was determined that today's special conditions pose challenges to strengthening the investment security of the state. Proven investment activity at the global level. The result of such activity is a real increase in investment flows from partner countries.&#x0D; The components of investment security are systematized: the legal environment, which is characterized by regulated regulatory and legal support, without regulatory collisions and contradictions of individual legal norms; economic and political stability; the stability of the macroeconomic environment, which includes stable inflation, low unemployment, and economic growth; developed infrastructure, which is necessary for making effective investments; geopolitical risks, which include international conflicts, sanctions, trade restrictions; innovative activity that contributes to the creation of competitive industries and attracting investments; social stability, which ensures social justice, balanced development of society, improvement of investment security.&#x0D; The development of scientific schools that investigate the issue of investment security is studied. The most famous scientific schools are systematized, in particular: the school of risk-oriented investment management, the school of financial security, which studies the financial aspects of the investment process, financial risks, models of financial asset valuation and financial flow management, the school of political economy, which investigates the influence of political factors on investment activity , a school of international relations, a school of normative and legal regulation, which studies the legal aspects of financial markets.&#x0D; It has been proven that scientific schools contribute to the development and improvement of the theory and practice of investment security through the study of various aspects of this issue from different scientific approaches.&#x0D; The methods, goals, forms and tools of influence on state regulation of the level of investment security are defined. It is proposed to solve priority problems for strengthening the investment security of the state. The directions of further scientific research in the field of investment security are outlined.

Green supply chain management practices and triple bottom line performance: Insights from an emerging economy with a mediating and moderating model

The current study explores the dynamics of business practices in Pakistan's Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This research focusing on how “green supply chain management” (GSCM), Industry 4.0 technologies (IND), total quality management (TQM) and sustainable performance (SP) are interconnected. The study collected data from 382 SMEs owners and managers and data analysis was conducted utilizing by SPSS and SmartPLS. The results indicate that employ GSCM pattern has constructive impact on SMEs overall performance in terms of their social and financial aspects. Interestingly IND act as intermediaries among GSCM and sustainable performance underscoring their potential to translate sustainability efforts into outcomes. Moreover, our survey reveals that TQM have a crucial function in enriching the relationship between Industry 4.0 technologies and sustainable performance by executing as a moderator. It further highlighting the value of adopting a quality focused approach to maximize the causal factor of advancements on sustainability output. The findings of this survey research offering insights for practitioners, SMEs, and policy makers alike by highlighting the significance of integrating practices such as GSCM, IND and effective quality management to enhance SME efficiency. These outcomes further contribute to an understanding of the mechanics at play, within SMEs while offering guidance for organizations maneuvering the changing landscape of sustainable business practices and IND.

Perancangan Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja dengan Metode Balanced Scorecard pada Perusahaan Banija Jatu

Banija Jatu is an individual company engaged in the herbal management industry located at Jl. Ibrahin Adjie No. 16, Indihiang, Tasikmalaya City. Currently, Banija Jatu Company is faced with an increasing number of complaints over the past five years. Meanwhile, the performance measurement that is owned only pays attention to the financial aspect and is not comprehensive to overcome these problems. Based on this, the company needs to formulate performance measurements that pay attention to financial and non-financial aspects. One of the performance measurement methods is the Balanced Scorecard which pays attention to four perspectives in the company. The design of the performance measurement itself begins by considering the internal and external conditions of the company through the SWOT method to formulate a strategy based on the company's vision and mission. From the strategy is derived into strategic goals which are then formulated Key Performance Indicator (KPI). Each level of importance is weighted on each indicator using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The perspective that has the greatest weight is the customer perspective with a percentage of 48.4%. The last stage is the preparation of a performance measurement table

Study on the depth of cantilever sheet pile wall based on the type of soil where sheet pile embedded

The northern part of Semarang is known as a region having a thick depth of soft clay. In the construction of sheet pile wall for Terboyo Retention Pond dike Semarang must take into account stability aspect and financial aspect. The characteristic of granular soil is different from that of cohesive soil, and the stability aspect relies on the type of soil. This study aims to investigate the influence of the type of soils where sheet pile embedded to the theoretical depth of cantilever sheet pile wall. This research used the soil data from Terboyo Retention Pond of Semarang. Modelling of wall was differentiated based on the type of soil where sheet pile embedded whereas the type of soil above the dredge line was the same. Two type of soils where sheet pile embedded, clay and sand were modelled. The variation of soil parameters of both soils was also modelled. Safety factor for clay soil was taken 1.5. The result shows that different soil in which wall embedded give significant difference of length of sheet pile. Based on N-SPT, with the same N-SPT value theoretical depth of cantilever sheet pile wall in sand soil is deeper than that of in clay soil.

Analisis Pengembangan Usaha Kuliner Sebagai Peluang Usaha Rumahan di Desa Lau Gumba

This research shows that culinary businesses, especially tanghulu strawberries, can increase business opportunities and the family economy in the application of the 4P marketing mix development strategy which includes strategies through products, namely producing products from local products, using traditional bamboo skewer equipment, not using food preservatives. Strategy through price, namely by setting prices according to the quality of the products produced and the market area. Furthermore, the promotion strategy is sales promotion by using banners, placing brand signs in front of the house, placing brand name stickers on the packaging, and selling directly to buyers. Furthermore, the distribution place strategy is to distribute culinary businesses directly to consumers. As for the obstacles faced by home-based entrepreneurs, where internally seen from the financial aspect, the capital used still comes from business owners, from the human resources aspect, namely the lack of knowledge about marketing methods and technology utilization. Furthermore, the infrastructure used is still very simple and traditional. While externally there is competition among home-based culinary business entrepreneurs.