Accounting Research Articles

Manajemen Keuangan Sekolah dalam Pemenuhan Sarana Prasarana Pendidikan

Research to analyze and gain insights into the financial management of Public Middle School 22 Sijunjung, West Sumatra, in meeting the educational infrastructure needs. A qualitative approach using phenomenology was employed. Informants included the school principal, secretary, and treasurer. Data collection involved interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. Data analysis included data condensation, presentation, and conclusion drawing. This study shows that the financial management of the school to meet educational infrastructure needs encompasses school budgeting, budget allocation, financial recording, and financial accountability. This study highlights the importance of financial management in providing educational facilities and infrastructure by involving internal and external stakeholders in the evaluation, analysis, monitoring, and fulfilling various school needs.

Peningkatan Kepatuhan Regulasi Melalui Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Keuangan Bagi Badan Usaha Milik Desa Menggunakan Teknologi Berbasis Website

This study highlights the inability of village-owned enterprises (BUMDesa) to prepare financial reports according to guidelines, indicating a lack of financial accountability. Researchers attempted to develop a web-based platform to generate BUMDesa financial reports following Ministerial Decree Number 136 of 2022. We focus on the perspective of public sector accounting and accounting information systems to respond to research questions. Furthermore, application development considers the research and development (R&D) method and design science via the software development life cycle stages. A total of six BUMDesa contributed to developing this application. The result is a web-based financial reporting application platform that meets these criteria and guidelines. We also provide a platform usage procedure to facilitate its operation. The contribution of this study is to develop a financial information management platform for BUMDesa that emphasizes reporting accuracy and compliance.

Work Motivation of Soldiers of Batalyon 23 Group-2 Kopassus in Sukoharjo

This study aims to analyze the influence of work environment, compensation, education and career development on the work motivation of soldiers of the 23rd Battalion Group-2 Kopassus in Sukoharjo.This study uses a quantitative method with primary data collection and purposive sampling techniques using multiple linear regression analysis methods. The population in this study is all members of Detachment-1 Battalion-23 Group-2 Kopassus according to the personnel nominative set on October 1, 2023 with a sample of 50 soldiers, both non-commissioned officers and officers. The data analysis techniques used for statistical analysis were multiple linear regression tests, F tests, t tests, and determination coefficients. The results of the study showed that the variables of Work Environment, Compensation, and Career Development had an effect on the work motivation of soldiers of the 23rd battalion group-2 of Kopassus in Sukoharjo but the level of education had no effect on the work motivation of soldiers of the 23rd battalion group-2 of Kopassus in Sukoharjo. The variables of Work Environment, Compensation, Career Development and Education Level contributed to Motivation by 70.5% while the remaining 29.5% was explained by other variables that were not proposed in this study. Suggestions that can be given to Battalion 23 Group 2 Kopassus are expected to conduct regular monitoring and evaluation of the work environment, compensation and performance development because these variables have a significant influence on motivating soldiers. Keywords: Presentation of Financial Statements, Accounting System, Accessibility, Internal Control and Accountability of Regional Financial Management

Manajemen Pembiayaan Pendidikan di Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Al Fatih Depok

The operational structure and funding of education is an important component in educational administration management which has the capacity to have a significant impact on the quality of human resources. This study intends to ensure the following: (1) Plan the budget in order to improve educational standards; (2) allocate human resources for the purposes of managing education financing; (3) implementing education financing management; and (4) supervising the education financing system in order to improve standards at SDIT AL FATIH Depok. Qualitative, analytical and descriptive methods were used in this study. Documentation, interviews and observation are the techniques used to obtain data. Data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions are the four components of Miles and Huberman's interactive analysis model used in the data analysis approach. Credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability are used in the process of determining data validity.The findings show the following: 1) SDIT AL FATIH Depok prepares and describes education budget planning in the form of RAPBPT, which is implemented at the end of each year by identifying all appropriate programs and budgets. 1) The process of allocating funds for education starts from the source, where the head of the foundation decides on the choices that have been reached through meetings involving stakeholders from the school community and repeats the assessment. Putting human resources in charge of overseeing the money is secondary. The principal is responsible for the financial management of SDIT AL FATIH Depok, in accordance with the organizational structure; The foundation and education department oversee the management of SDIT AL FATIH Depok's education funds. 3. The budget implementation process is used to fund school programs, as well as spending on goods and services, development, and so on. 4. After that, the School Committee, the AL FATIH Depok Foundation, and the Education Office received the school's financial accountability report.

Implementasi Akuntansi Pura: Studi Kasus di Pura Khayangan Tiga Desa, Kamiwangi, Kecamatan Toili Barat, Kabupaten Banggai, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah

The aim of this research is to implement accounting in the preparation of financial reports at Khayangan Tiga Temple, Kamiwangi Village in accordance with Accounting Standards, especially ISAK 35. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The informants in this study were 5 people. In this research, data was collected using observation, interview and documentation techniques. The data analysis techniques in this research are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that Pura Khayangan Tiga, Kamiwangi Village, has carried out financial records, but it is still done in a simple manner where it is only limited to cash income and expenditure. The financial reports presented are only daily cash reports which are still not in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Interpretation (ISAK) No. 35. After presenting the financial report for Khayangan Temple Three Kamiwangi Villages based on ISAK No. 35 produces five financial reports, namely Comprehensive Income Report, Change in Net Assets Report, Financial Position Report, Cash Flow Report, and Notes to Financial Reports.

Impact of international accounting standards on Hungary’s financial transparency

Acceptance and implementation of international financial reporting standards ensure a wider scope for financial transparency, accountability, and comparability on a global scale. Against this backdrop, this study looks at the implications of these standards on Hungary’s financial transparency by evaluating panel data from 716 private companies over the period 2013–2023. The Hausman test results suggest that Fixed and Random Effects models should be used.The analysis indicates that, on average, the sampled companies have improved financial transparency by 75%. Key determinants include standard adoption (0.025 coefficient, t = 8.333, p < 0.001), cost of implementation (2.400 coefficient, t = 24.000, p < 0.001), investor confidence (0.035 coefficient, t = 11.667, p < 0.001), and legislative changes (2.450 coefficient, t = 24.500, p < 0.001). Moreover, it is possible to obtain significant positive effects on the centered variables for implementation costs (coefficient = 2.498, p < 0.001) and government efficiency (coefficient = 0.036, p < 0.001).These results demonstrate a positive effect, which is significantly created by adopting these standards on financial transparency. They underline increased investor confidence and government efficiency as drivers of these improvements. Applying these standards in Hungary’s financial reporting system is classified as a strategic tool to foster economic stability and attract foreign investment, which ensures Hungary’s good standing in the global economy.

Key Trends in Upgrading Finance Accounting of Public Sector in View of Using Ipsas Standards

Key Trends in Upgrading Finance Accounting of Public Sector in View of Using Ipsas Standards

Pengaruh Aksesibilitas Laporan Keuangan dan Sistem Akuntansi Keuangan Daerah terhadap Good Governance yang Dimediasi oleh Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah (Studi Empiris pada Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah Kota Bogor)

This study aims to analyze the role of regional financial management accountability as a mediator between the accessibility of regional financial reports and regional financial accounting systems in relation to good governance in the Regional Apparatus Organizations of Bogor City. Utilizing a quantitative approach, this study employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the assistance of PLS and IBM Statistics SPSS 26.0 programs for data analysis. The research sample consists of 108 respondents who are employees meeting specific criteria within the Regional Apparatus Organizations of Bogor City. Data collection was conducted through questionnaire distribution to these respondents. The analysis results indicate that regional financial management accountability plays a significant role in mediating the relationship between the accessibility of regional financial reports and regional financial accounting systems towards good governance. These findings suggest that improving the accessibility of financial reports and enhancing regional financial accounting systems can promote the establishment of good governance through increased accountability in financial management. This research provides an important contribution to understanding the factors influencing the realization of good governance at the regional government level and can serve as a reference for policymakers in formulating strategies to improve the quality of governance, particularly in aspects of regional financial management in Bogor City and other regions in Indonesia.

An Empirical Analysis of Outcome- Based Education Research

Outcome-based education (OBE) is an educational approach that focuses on what students should know and be able to do at the end of a learning process, rather than focusing solely on what content is taught or how it is delivered. OBE emphasizes clearly defined learning outcomes or competencies that students are expected to demonstrate. These outcomes are often referred to as "Competency Outcomes, Performance Outcomes" (COPO). COPO attainment refers to the achievement of these competency outcomes by students. In an outcome-based education framework, educators design curriculum, instruction, and assessment around these desired outcomes. This means that the curriculum is structured to ensure that students acquire the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes to achieve the specified outcomes. This paper describes improvement in CO-PO attainment and is successfully implemented for one of the core subject “BBA105- Financial Accounting and Analysis ” for BBA students at Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Mangement Studies, Rohini, Delhi. One of the best ways to present any course in easy manner for students is achieved by Outcome –Based Education (OBE).OBE definitely builds complete knowledge by simplifying complex topics into small steps by applying OBE Methodologies. The attainment of the skills by the students are measured based on the Program Outcomes (PO’s) specified by the accreditation bodies. Defining the Course Outcomes (CO’s), CO-PO attainment, will modify the traditional teaching methodology to a well planned self- learning and scored good results too that is explained in this paper.

How does divergence of control and cash-flow rights influence cost stickiness?

This study investigates whether the degree of cost stickiness depends on the divergence between control and cash-flow rights of ultimate owners using data from 22 countries. Firms with a large divergence between control and cash-flow rights are known to take more opportunistic actions at the expense of minority shareholders. The empirical results show that the magnitude of cost stickiness decreases as the divergence between control and cash-flow rights increases due to the greater incentives to manipulate earnings. Firms use both accruals earnings management (AEM) and real-activities earnings management (REM), and among REM, they adjust production activity and discretionary expense to affect cost. Additional tests show that the negative relationship between the divergence between control and cash-flow rights and cost stickiness is more pronounced in countries with weak economic, legal, and social factors. This paper, by examining the effect of ownership structure on cost behavior as well as its underlying mechanism, broadens the understanding of sticky cost behavior and contributes to the growing body of literature on the convergence of financial and managerial accounting.

Navigating financial risk: Unlocking the power of modeling and risk quantification in episode-based payment models.

28 Background: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation’s (CMMI) Enhancing Oncology Model (EOM) is a voluntary value-based care (VBC) model that requires physician group practices (PGPs) to assume financial risk and performance accountability for episodes of care related to seven common cancers. However, PGPs often lack the means to assess the financial impact and risks associated with these alternative payment models. To address this, we employed Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) to calculate the likelihood of outcomes and associated risks. This information can assist PGPs in making informed decisions about assuming risk and participating in the EOM. Methods: Using historical episode files from 2019 to 2022 for 23 PGPs in The US Oncology Network, along with the EOM Price Prediction Model provided by CMMI, we calculated the predicted baseline price and savings per episode. We then determined the average savings for each PGP per time-period and utilized the MCS technique to simulate savings and risk, under each EOM risk arrangement. We shared the simulation results with the PGPs to support their decision-making process and participation. Results: Despite having enough episodes per time-period (ranging from 105 to 6100) for the 23 PGPs, the limited number of time-based populations (only 6) based on case mix and patient volume made traditional probability assessments inadequate. To overcome this, we utilized MCS with 5000 simulations per PGP, assuming a normal distribution based on population characteristics. By assessing the savings outcomes of each simulation, we developed probability distributions and confidence intervals to determine the likelihood of generating shared savings, recoupment, or landing in the neutral zone within the EOM. Factors such as episode counts, baseline price, and risk arrangement had the greatest impact on the range of outcomes. We shared the MCS results with all 23 PGPs, highlighting the limitations of the original data and facilitating their decision-making process. Ultimately, 12 PGPs chose to assume risk based on the probability of financial outcomes with the model, and to select the appropriate risk arrangement in the EOM. Conclusions: Compared to the status quo measures of central dispersion, MCS yields a wide range of expected financial outcomes per PGP. MCS is a robust technique for quantifying outcome probabilities in VBC models despite low data volumes but relies on the representativeness and quality of the original data. Conducting sensitivity analysis with MCS to assess the impact of individual assumptions or data inputs on outcome probabilities is an area for further exploration.

Walter Schuetze and the Numbers Game: Advocate for Reform, Champion of Independence, Promoter of Fair Value, and Proponent of Simplification

ABSTRACT This paper examines the life of Walter Schuetze (1932–2017) and his contributions to the accounting profession. He was a public accountant, a founding member of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the Chief Accountant for the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), a corporate board member, and an advocate for accounting reform. In 2008, he was inducted into the Accounting Hall of Fame. This paper shows how Walter Schuetze has left a quiet but impactful legacy with lessons learned that still have applicability to the accounting profession today.

Bridging the Gap Between Academia and Practice in Accounting

SYNOPSIS This paper addresses the enduring challenge of bridging the gap between accounting research and its application in practice. Drawing upon insights from the 2024 Financial Accounting and Reporting Section (FARS) plenary panel discussion and contributions from esteemed leaders in the field, we explore the root causes of this disconnect and underscore the importance of narrowing the divide. Our analysis leads to the proposal of practical strategies targeted at key stakeholders—authors, reviewers, editors, and business school deans—with the aim of promoting a more integrated approach to accounting research and practice. Through these recommendations, we endeavor to enhance the relevance and impact of accounting scholarship on real-world financial practices, thereby enriching both the academic and professional realms of accounting. JEL Classifications: A20; I23; M10; M40; M41.

Public Accountability in Financial Management Practice at Islamic Education Institutions: A Survey Research

This study examines the financial management practices of Islamic educational institutions, with a focus on public accountability. As financial transparency and accountability become increasingly important in educational organizations, it is essential to evaluate how Islamic institutions manage their financial resources. A survey research design was employed to assess perceptions of financial management accountability. Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms, with a sample size of 162 participants from various Islamic education institutions. The findings revealed that respondents generally hold positive views regarding the transparency of financial management practices at Islamic educational institutions. However, challenges in implementing these practices were also identified, such as limited financial training, technological infrastructure gaps, and insufficient stakeholder engagement. While the positive perception of transparency indicates a solid foundation for accountable financial management, the study highlights the need for further improvements. Recommendations include enhancing financial training, upgrading technology, increasing stakeholder involvement, and conducting regular financial audits. Additionally, institutions are encouraged to benchmark their practices against industry best standards to ensure ethical and efficient resource utilization. This research underscores the importance of fostering a culture of accountability in financial management within Islamic educational institutions. By addressing identified challenges and adopting the suggested improvements, these institutions can better ensure financial transparency and ethical resource management.

Exploration of Financial Statements CV. Wian Mandiri Based on Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities

The title of the research is "Exploration of CV. Wian Mandiri Financial Report Based on the Standard of Financial Accounting for Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Entities." The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach on CV. Wian Mandiri. Data was collected from observation, interviews, and documentation, and then analyzed using a descriptive method. The research aims to determine the practice of recording and preparing financial reports based on SAK EMKM in CV. Wian Mandiri, located at Bhineka 1 Street, Number 52, Pasir Gunung Selatan, Cimanggis Depok, West Jakarta. The results of the research show that CV. Wian Mandiri's financial report is still simple, recording only income and expenses, which are then accumulated to determine the profit and loss at the end of the month. After applying SAK EMKM in reconstructing the financial report, it was found that CV. Wian Mandiri's profit and loss report showed a profit of Rp. 30,042,000.00 in October and Rp. 29,887,000.00 in November. The balance sheet report for October and November showed total assets of Rp. 76,408,000.00 and Rp. 106,446,000.00, with equity and liabilities of Rp. 76,408,000.00 and Rp. 106,446,000.00, respectively. The notes to the financial report, which describe the general statements of the entity, the accounting policies adopted, and explanations about the accounts on the income report, cannot be explained because the company considers them to be within the company's private domain.

Financial Model Construction and Identification of Abnormal Activities in Mobile Networks for e-commerce Platform Using Machine Learning Algorithm

The advancement of informatization has significantly affected many sectors due to e-commerce, rendering the existing Financial Model (FM) inadequate for e-commerce customers. Artificial Intelligence (AI) substantially enhances the financial accounting capabilities and resource integration of systems using mobile networks. The insufficient FM of e-commerce tools and issues such as the administration of funds have significantly obstructed the advancement of standardized financial procedures, as the FM structure impacts managers' statistical evaluation of financial information. This research examines the financial hazards, management issues, and underlying causes of these issues inside e-commerce systems, subsequently employing AI to assess the FM operations of these websites in Peru. This research uses a Machine Learning (ML) approach to examine the clustering centers of FM information as well as the privacy aspect of the FM. This study ultimately presents ways for optimizing and constructing FMs to enhance data security and capital administration in e-commerce financing, hence fostering the continued growth of e-commerce systems using mobile networks. The experimental findings indicate that the FM’s classification value and security aspect for e-commerce systems progressively enhance under the ML. The average classification value is 1.23, whereas the average risk factor is around 1.41. AI and ML improve financial accounting requirements and the long-term growth of e-commerce systems in Peru.

Analisis Implementasi Akuntansi Sektor Publik dalam Sistem Keuangan di Desa Meranti Bunting

Public sector accounting is closely related to the application and treatment of accounting in the public domain. The public sector itself is broader and more complex than the private sector. The use of APBD or village funds is currently required to have efficient financial accountability. Government accounting plays an important role in public sector financial management which is useful in supporting the realization of efficiency and effectiveness in financial management. This research was conducted to analyze accountability reporting procedures in Meranti Bunting Village. The type of research carried out is quantitative descriptive research using secondary data. This research studies accounting policies, budgeting processes, and the size of village government financial transactions, which are smaller than regional governments. In this research, it was found that the policies implemented by the Meranti Bunting Village government had complied with and were implemented in accordance with applicable regulations, and were then considered accountable in presenting their accountability reports. And the existence of a village-based accounting information system (SISKEUDES) helps, village officials are becoming more serious in preparing financial accounting reports for village funds

Introduction for the Special Section on “Inclusive, circular, and technological transformations in financial accounting: challenges and opportunities for organizations and stakeholders”

Introduction for the Special Section on “Inclusive, circular, and technological transformations in financial accounting: challenges and opportunities for organizations and stakeholders”

Setting new benchmarks for combating financial crimes and ensuring the safety and security of America's digital financial landscape

The increasing digitalization of financial services in the United States has introduced significant challenges in combating financial crimes, including fraud, money laundering, and cybercrimes. As digital transactions become more pervasive, so too do the opportunities for illicit activities that exploit the vulnerabilities of these systems. This research seeks to establish new benchmarks for combating financial crimes and ensuring the security of America's digital financial landscape. By leveraging advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and blockchain, this study explores innovative approaches to enhancing fraud detection, improving transparency, and reducing the risk of money laundering. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative analysis of existing regulatory frameworks with quantitative case studies to assess the effectiveness of these technologies in real-world applications. The results indicate that AI and ML significantly enhance financial institutions' ability to detect fraudulent activities in real-time, reducing false positives and allowing for more efficient resource allocation. Furthermore, blockchain technology improved financial transactions' traceability, enhancing financial systems' transparency and accountability. The study concludes with recommendations for policy and practice, emphasizing the need for adaptive regulatory frameworks, increased investment in advanced technologies, and more vital collaboration between the public and private sectors. These findings suggest that a proactive approach, integrating technological innovation with strategic policy measures, is crucial for safeguarding America's financial infrastructure against emerging threats in the digital era.

Financial Statement Design at Aura Taylor Business in Talaud Islands Regency

This research aims to apply the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SAK EMKM) and design financial statements for the Aura Taylor business using accounting software, specifically Microsoft Excel. The research utilizes a descriptive qualitative method, providing solutions regarding the use of Microsoft Excel software in preparing financial statements. The main instrument is the researchers themselves, with additional instruments including interview sheets and transaction documentation from the Aura Taylor business. This research shows that the entity has not yet applied the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. The financial recording process is still manual, consisting of cash receipts and cash disbursement records. The design of Aura Taylor's financial statements is created using functions, formulas, and menus in Microsoft Excel, forming a system comprising menus and submenus. The submenus include chart of accounts, general journal, ledger, worksheet, and financial statements which consist of the statement of financial position, income statement, and notes to the financial statements.