Financial Tools Research Articles

A Study on Profitable of Futures with the Reference to SBI Bank

New instruments and reengineering of the financial system were introduced in India in 1992 as apart of economic market reforms. One among them was that the growth and innovation were slow infamiliarizing Securities. The formation and expansion of derivatives in Indian markets are moderately alatest spectacle. Subsequently its commencement in June 2000, the products need devises displayedepidemicaugmentation in magnitude and the number of bartered conventional agreements. Significanttermend product guides an expansive class of financial tools that specifically possess options andfutures. These mechanisms emanate their significance from the underlying asset's price and otherrelated variables. They accomplish not having a value of their own and originate their importance fromthe prerogative they give to their proprietors to own some additional financial support or safety. Thepresent study is deliberate in examining the financial results obeying SBI Bank Ltd.

THEORIES OF FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION: EVALUATION AND EMPIRICAL RELEVANCE

Objective: The process of credits transfer is often facilitated by the financial intermediaries, including banks and non-bank institutions. his article offers an insight on the various theories of intermediation. The first scrutinises the various theoretical conceptualizations found in varied models which demonstrate the roles of intermediaries. The second offers a concise discuss on the relevance of the theories to current situation of intermediation and intermediaries in Nigeria. Method: The paper is based on theoretical reviews. The study used the approach to appraise the issues on financial intermediation and of intermediaries. Result and Discussion: The study finds that financial intermediation is fast changing as new types of economic players enter and new financial tools evolve. Moreso, that the financial markets have become more dominated by extensive intermediaries. We note that the development cryptocurrencies have largely affected the ways of intermediation, and this has effect on asset pricing theory. Implications: The theory and evidence on financial intermediation have important implications for the capital market. Originality: The study offers information related to theoretical perspectives on financial intermediation and intermediaries. The value of the paper is evidenced by the fact that it provides background on financial intermediation and intermediaries. Recommendations: The paper concludes that other means of intermediation that involve decentralised exchanged are continuously developing and this has implications for the current theory of intermediation. The study recommends the need for development of more details theory that consider the nature and effect of decentralised finance and decentralised exchange on the optimality of capital allocation.

Artificial Intelligence, Fintech and Challenges to Central Banks

Abstract Technological development particularly boosted by artificial intelligence (AI) has substantial potential to transform many aspects of human lives and the way doing businesses. On the one side, it can offer opportunities, while on the other brings challenges and increases risks. Financial industry is considered the largest user of digital technologies and provider of innovative services. Therefore, it is strongly influenced by digital transformation and under constant threat of cyberattacks. In this paper, the authors are researching the opportunities and risks stemming from the application of AI and its macroeconomic and financial system impacts. The special attention is given to the challenges posed by financial technological development and AI to central banks as they have to adopt to the novel times dominated by electronic financial services and AI tools while at the same time stay persistently dedicated to achieving their key objectives of safeguarding monetary and financial stability as well as contributing to the stability of economic growth. Additionally, the invention of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has significantly influenced processes throughout numerous industries, including the financial sector, due to the ability to imitate human behaviour which has enabled computers to behave like humans. Hence, it is important to develop human-centric innovations where AI tools create benefits and serve people instead of replacing them. AI can deteriorate overall inequality so policymakers should act towards developing policies that will ensure AI is used for the good of people and provide benefits for them. The authors further draw attention to the necessity of adopting a robust regulatory framework and building strong and resilient institutions with developed systems for prevention of ever raising cyberattacks.

Study on the Motivation and Effect of Green Bond Issuance by Enterprises

With the growing global concern for sustainable development and environmental protection, more and more enterprises are considering the use of green financing tools, such as green bonds. This paper examines a literature review that analyzes the motivation and effects of corporate green bonds in the context of this great economic transformation. The growth of green businesses in China has accelerated recently, which has sparked a lot of discussion in the academic community about the different impacts of green bonds and the reasons behind their issuance, we have studied a large number of literatures, and came to the conclusion that the green premium's existence serves as a driving force behind the issuance of green bonds. This conclusion was reinforced by the literature review, which showed that the green premium's existence is still strong. This paper's objectives are to provide an overview of the great literature, demonstrate the state of green bond research as it stands now and the presence of the green premium, and convey our optimism for the continued growth of green bonds.

Analyzing the Problems of Agricultural Futures Market in China

The agriculture is a fundamental sector for the development of society, and agricultural products play a key role in the economy. The equilibrium of agricultural product supply and demand is intimately linked to societal steadiness and the welfare of individuals. Consequently, the efficient functioning of the market for agricultural products is vital for economic growth. Agricultural product manufacturing and sales face multiple hazards, such as climatic change, natural disasters, market fluctuations, etc. Agricultural futures serve as a financial tool for the agricultural products market, providing essential hedging and risk management functions. The establishment and development of the agriculture futures market enables farmers and agricultural companies to hedge against agricultural product price fluctuations, reducing business operation risks. This promotes market stability and contributes to the healthy development of the economy. Additionally, investors can participate in the agricultural futures market to obtain investment income through price fluctuations. The agricultural futures market plays a significant role for farmers, agricultural companies, and investors. Therefore, researching and exploring this market is of great theoretical and practical importance and necessity.

RELATIONSHIP OF MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS IN THE HOSPITALITY SECTOR: THE SEARCH FOR OPTIMAL STRATEGIES

Optimal strategies are a key lever for business success in the current difficult conditions, and the hospitality sector is no exception. The aim of the study was to determine how management practices affect economic indicators in the hospitality sector.The research employed methods of regression and correlation analysis, and descriptive statistics analysis. Cost management was found to have a positive effect on the Return on Assets (ROA) (0.088) and the Occupancy Rate (0.191).The analysis showed that the factor of staff training investment has a positive but weak effect on the return on assets (0.068) and the utilization rate (0.005). It was identified that the seasonality factor also has a positive effect on the utilization rate (0.510). The market competition factor was found to have a slight negative effect on the profitability of assets (-0.018) and the utilization rate (-0.009). Key financial management tools such as the development of a detailed budget and regular updating of business financial forecasts are identified. Emphasis is placed on the importance of managing cash flows to ensure the necessary liquidity and planning short-term financial needs. Optimization of the tax burden through the use of tax benefits as an element of financial management in difficult business conditions is proposed. Further research will focus on the impact of digitalization on optimal business strategies and their impact on the main economic indicators in the hospitality sector in view of increased uncertainty in the business environment.

EXPLORING TWO DECADES OF PERSONAL FINANCIAL PLANNING: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

This research aims to understand current patterns, trends, and gaps in personal finance by conducting a systematic literature review of 20 years. The study collected and analyzed the articles published between 2004 to 2024. The research articles were collected from the Scopus database using the PRISMA framework. The review shows changes in the research area, including behavioural finance, digital financial planning tools, and its impact on individuals' financial literacy and planning.The major limitation of this study is that the literature search for personal financial planning might not have incorporated all publications in this area. Furthermore, there is a possibility of bias in this review concerning the papers selected for review and how the researchers interpreted the results.The findings of this systematic literature review can assist policymakers, financial planners, and practitioners in making more informed financial planning decisions and regulations. Thus, by identifying the trends and gaps in personal financial planning, strategies can be defined to provide individuals and society with the necessary level of support.The research is helpful to existing knowledge in that it presents a critical discussion of the personal financial planning literature evident in the last twenty years. The research is original and provides valuable information for upcoming research and practical application in personal financial planning.

A Study of Central Bank Swap Line Use: Are They a Suitable Tool for the IMF in Maintaining Central Bank Liquidity for Developing Countries?

Developing countries do not have the same access for swap line use during times of economic stress, currently used by central banks in developed countries to maintain liquidity. Biblically, economic tools should favor all and not just developed nations. As Christians we are commanded to help others by bearing the burden of others and to help the poor. Of course, biblical wisdom is necessary, specifically an understanding of how exactly swap lines may be of benefit before making any recommendations, along with and considering the reality of level of risk when working with developing nations. Swap lines are a currency exchange between two banks where an agreed upon amount is traded-- a liquidity swap between two banks. The research on swap line use is limited, especially when related to use by developing countries. Since developing nations are more vulnerable to economic stress, expanding the use of swap lines from developed countries to developing nations appears reasonable and the IMF being the lender of last resort is the recommended organization to use them. The purpose of the study is to determine if swap lines maintain or improve liquidity between central banks during times of economic stress, which in turn will be considered for feasibility as an additional financial assistance tool the IMF can use for developing countries. A pragmatic mixed approach will be used to determine if swap lines are improving liquidity conditions with the capacity to deliver U.S. dollar funding to institutions in their jurisdiction during times of market stress. The comparisons consider capital flow and foreign exchange rate differences between countries that used swap lines and countries not using swap lines during periods of economic stress. The results will be considered for use by the IMF for developing countries.

Actions to improve energy efficiency on the example of selected historic buildings in Poland in the context of European Union guidelines

The article presents, in the context of the guidelines of the "Long-Term Strategy for Renovation of Buildings" valid until 2050, examples of renovations of historic buildings carried out in Poland in 2018-2021, which serve as public facilities. They were designed and constructed in a manner consistent with the guidelines for the transformation of a climate-neutral economy, which stem from Article 2a of Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 19, 2010. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of selected Polish examples of revaluation of public buildings from the point of view of the Architecture of these objects. These are: the Wagner Villa in Kostrzyn on Oder, the railway station in Białystok, the Teodor Sixt Villa in Bielsko-Biała, the office building of the Forestry Commission in Elbląg, the building of the Savings Bank in Ropczyce and the former granary in Żukowo. Also cited are the current financial tools available and the basic measures needed to ensure high energy efficiency and low-carbon performance of public buildings in the run up to 2050.

Blue Carbon as a Nature-Based Mitigation Solution in Temperate Zones

Concern for the future requires local steward-led cooperation between natural and social scientists and decision-makers to develop informed and policy-relevant nature-based mitigation solutions, including blue carbon (BC), which can help secure the future. Salt marshes, kelp forests, and seagrass meadows (and to a lesser extent mangroves) are significant BC ecosystems in temperate areas. We discuss the concept of blue carbon stocks and the scientific approaches to building BC stocks considering the variability in local conditions and the co-benefits of blue carbon ecosystems to improve climate change mitigation and adaptation mechanisms. The study examines (1) methods to assess the potential of BC ecosystems and the impact of disturbances, while (2) building relevant policy based on socio-economic assessments of impacted communities. We highlight economic and social approaches to rebuilding BC using financial tools such as blue bonds, development plans, cost-benefit analyses, cross-ecosystem restoration projects, AI and blockchain, and economic accounts of coastal ecosystems, while emphasizing that cutting carbon emissions is more important than (re)building BC stocks.

Современные особенности и тенденции развития зеленого финансирования в мировой экономике

The relevance of this research topic is driven by the pressing issues related to climate change and the necessity to expand green financing to achieve large-scale changes that can prevent catastrophic climate change. The aim of this article is to conduct a complex study on the development of green finance and to identify modern barriers to green finance in a low-carbon economy. The study employs literature review, comparison and grouping, analysis, and synthesis methods. The research addresses several tasks, including the analysis of existing approaches in the scientific literature to understanding green financing, characterization of modern green finance tools, and assessment of their development in the world economy. As a result of the research, the problems associated with the development of green finance and the use of green financial tools are identified, and measures for their resolution are proposed.

Research on the Impact of Equity Pledge on Company Value

This article aims to provide a literature review on the impact of equity pledges on corporate value, and to explore in depth the application of equity pledges as a financial tool in corporate governance and capital operation, as well as its multidimensional impact on corporate value. By reviewing and analyzing relevant literature both domestically and internationally, this article first defines the basic concept of equity pledges and then elaborates on the impact mechanism of equity pledges on company value from both positive and negative perspectives. In terms of positive impact, this article explores how equity pledges can promote corporate financing, optimize capital structure, and enhance the control of major shareholders over the company. In terms of negative impacts, the possible control risk, market risk, and potential damage to the interests of small and medium-sized shareholders brought about by equity pledges were analyzed. Furthermore, this article also discusses the differences in the impact of equity pledges on company value in different scenarios and proposes corresponding policy recommendations and research prospects.

Acceptability of the National Health Insurance scheme and preferred benefit package among civil servants in Rivers State, Nigeria

Health-care insurance is one of the financial risk protection tools available to clients in the health-care industry. In most developing countries, citizens are in favor of paying for their health-care expenses out of pocket, a payment mode that potentially tips these people into poverty. This study aims to determine the level of acceptance of and the preferred benefit package available in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) among civil servants in Rivers State, Nigeria. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, respondents were selected through simple random sampling. The collected data were cleaned and analyzed with Statistical Product and Service Solution version 23. Out of the 351 respondents, male subjects accounted for the big majority of the sample (n = 208; 59.3%); only 30 (8.5%) had any form of health insurance; and about two-thirds of the respondents, at around 223 (63.5%), expressed acceptance of using NHIS as a strategy for payment. The most preferred benefits package was the one that covers all services 178 (50.7%). The poor and the poorest showed a preference for the health-care benefits package that covers all expenses, whereas the rich showed a preference for services covering basic diseases. The overall acceptability of the NHIS was statistically associated with socio-economic status (p ≤ 0.05). Thus, the opinions of the consumers and their health needs must be taken into consideration when planning a health insurance benefits package.

Quantifying the Impact of Coal Transition on GDP Growth through System Dynamics: The Case of the Region of Western Macedonia, Greece

The transition from coal to more sustainable energy sources represents a critical shift for economies reliant on coal production. To investigate the intricate processes involved in such a transition, the use of powerful analytical tools is essential. This study assesses the impact of the delignification process on GDP growth over a 20-year horizon (2015–2035) in the Region of Western Macedonia, Greece, using the Vensim PLE Plus 9.0.1 software, a robust tool for system dynamics modeling. By developing a dynamic model that captures the key variables and feedback loops associated with coal transition, this research examines economic, social, and investment variables, emphasizing their causal relationships. The study integrates societal, economic, and educational impacts on production transition, addressing issues such as unemployment, financial support, and investments in human resources and R&D. Additionally, it considers the influence of climate change on GDP. The model highlights population dynamics, economic development, and education as critical factors. Scenarios explore the impact of increased funding on education, research, and financial aid efficiency, providing insights into enhancing GDP in decarbonizing regions. The study reveals that increased investment in education and human capital leads to slight improvements in local GDP, though the effects are not immediate. Enhanced efficiency in government and European spending significantly boosts local GDP by creating strong value chains and local economies of scale. It is found that the increase in financial support to the regions in transition is of the utmost importance and has a multiplicative nature, something that should encourage the European Union to increase its financial support tools. The model’s simulations align closely with historical GDP data, validating its accuracy. The contributions of the present work offer valuable insights to policymakers and stakeholders engaged in the transition processes.

Carbon emission reduction initiatives: Lessons from the REDD+ process of the Asia and Pacific region

Carbon emission reduction through land use management and forest-based initiatives such as REDD+ depends on multiple factors, including awareness programs, capacity building and inclusive design, and equitable and transparent benefit-sharing mechanisms. Even after a couple of decades of discussion over the REDD+ process, there have still been many contested issues that need to be resolved. Taking the case of three countries in the Asia and Pacific Region ― Vietnam, Nepal, and Fiji, ― at different stages of the REDD+, we have mapped the countries’ progress toward emission reduction program and its benefit-sharing mechanism, documented the perceived impact of a capacity building program and provided the stakeholders’ perspective on the performance of REDD+ program. Our study shows REDD+ participating countries are implementing various REDD+ capacity-building programs, but having a different level of impact from the stakeholders’ perspective. Multilevel governance presents challenges for REDD+ outcomes, as REDD+-related policies and legislations are constrained within the forest ministry but not in other sector ministries, leading to both vertical and horizontal coordination issues. Much emphasis has been given to the technical content of capacity-building programs but little has been done to enhance the functional capacity of REDD+ implementers, especially of Indigenous People and Local Communities. The decision-making process on emission reduction benefit-sharing is neither transparent nor inclusive. Although various social safeguard mechanisms are proposed by the studied countries, there is still a huge gap in understanding the impact capacity building programs in inclusive decision-making, and equitable benefit sharing for Indigenous people. REDD+ stakeholders perceived that REDD+ can be a promising financial tool for developing countries and also contribute to non-carbon benefits, but the prospects of benefit-sharing plans are not fairly inclusive. Increasing transparency and accountability through digital platforms, raising the carbon price from $5/tCO2, adopting unified safeguards, and strengthening horizontal and vertical collaboration at all levels are pivotal for the REDD+ program to generate manifold environmental and livelihood benefits in the Asia and Pacific Region.

The Impact of Food Delivery Riders’ Perception of Fairness on Organizational Identification in the Digital Economy: Based on the Intermediary Perspective of Organizational Trust in the Context of Digital Technology

With the rapid rise in the gig economy driven by advancements in digital technology and financial technology, this study focuses on the work experiences and psychological perceptions of food delivery riders in platform-based employment. This study used a sample of food delivery riders from 19 cities in China (such as Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, etc.) and multiple delivery platforms (such as Meituan, Ele.me) to collect data through a combination of online and offline questionnaires. The impact relationship between perceived fairness, organizational trust, and organizational identity of food delivery riders was examined through factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and mediation effect modeling. The results of the survey and statistical analysis indicate that fairness perception and its dimensions (distributive fairness, procedural fairness, and interactional fairness) significantly influence riders’ organizational identification, with organizational trust serving as a critical mediating factor. The integration of digital technology has substantially enhanced the operational efficiency of platform-based employment by enabling real-time tracking, transparent communication, and data-driven decision-making. Innovations in financial technology, such as digital payment systems and financial management tools, offer riders safer and more convenient compensation methods, thereby contributing to their financial stability and fostering trust in the platform. The establishment of trust alleviates the riders’ concerns regarding compensation stability and bolsters their optimistic attitudes toward accessing platform resources and meeting their needs. This study provides significant insights and recommendations for leveraging digital technology and financial technology to improve the relationship and operational efficiency between riders and platform enterprises.

Financial hardship screening among Native American patients with cancer: a qualitative analysis

BackgroundCancer-related financial hardship is an increasingly recognized concern for patients, families, and caregivers. Many Native American (NA) patients are at increased risk for cancer-related financial hardship due to high prevalence of low income, medical comorbidity, and lack of private health insurance. However, financial hardship screening (FHS) implementation for NA patients with cancer has not been reported. The objective of this study is to explore facilitators and barriers to FHS implementation for NA patients.MethodsWe conducted key informant interviews with NA patients with cancer and with clinical staff at an academic cancer center. Included patients had a confirmed diagnosis of cancer and were referred to the cancer center through the Indian Health Service, Tribal health program, or Urban Indian health program. Interviews included questions regarding current financial hardship, experiences in discussing financial hardship with the cancer care and primary care teams, and acceptability of completing a financial hardship screening tool at the cancer center. Clinical staff included physicians, advanced practice providers, and social workers. Interviews focused on confidence, comfort, and experience in discussing financial hardship with patients. Recorded interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed using MAXQDA® software.ResultsWe interviewed seven patients and four clinical staff. Themes from the interviews included: 1) existing resources and support services; 2) challenges, gaps in services, and barriers to care; 3) nuances of NA cancer care; and 4) opportunities for improved care and resources. Patients identified financial challenges to receiving cancer care including transportation, lodging, food insecurity, and utility expenses. Patients were willing to complete a FHS tool, but indicated this tool should be short and not intrusive of the patient’s financial information. Clinical staff described discomfort in discussing financial hardship with patients, primarily due to a lack of training and knowledge about resources to support patients. Having designated staff familiar with I/T/U systems was helpful, but perspectives differed regarding who should administer FHS.ConclusionsWe identified facilitators and barriers to implementing FHS for NA patients with cancer at both the patient and clinician levels. Findings suggest clear organizational structures and processes are needed for financial hardship to be addressed effectively.

Financial multidimensional assessment of a green hydrogen generation process via an integrated artificial intelligence-based four-stage fuzzy decision-making model

It is widely accepted that there is an urgent need to make green hydrogen (GH2) projects financially viable to reduce global warming. However, any form of improvements to these GH2 projects lead to substantial cost increase. Due to this cost increase, making many improvements negatively affects the financial profitability of hydrogen projects. This is why there is a need for new advanced financial priority analysis tools so that it is easier to develop GH2 projects globally. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to identify and then define the most important factors affecting GH2 generation projects. To achieve this aim, this work proposes a new fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model based on artificial intelligence (AI). First, experts are weighted with AI technique. Second, the missing evaluations are filled via a recommender system. Third, criteria weights are calculated by the M-SWARA technique integrated with quantum picture fuzzy rough (QPFR) sets. Finally, GH2 energy generation processes are listed by the QPFR-VIKOR approach. Overall, the main contribution of this study is the generation of a comprehensive AI oriented fuzzy decision-making model to make a detailed evaluation with respect to the financial potential improvements of the GH2 generation projects. The main originality of this model is the consideration of AI to calculate the weights of the criteria. Similarly, another benefit of the proposed model, that increases its superiority against other models, is the completion of missing evaluations by experts thanks to the recommender system. It is concluded that the most important criterion affecting green hydrogen investments is organizational effectiveness.

Impact of digital financial tools on intermediate goods: Synergies between external funding and internal R&D investment

This study employs a baseline regression model to assess the impact of digital financial tools on innovation intensity of intermediate products across provinces in China. Results indicate that digital financial tools significantly enhance innovation of intermediate products, particularly in central regions and areas with well-developed digital infrastructure. Threshold regression reveals that digital financial tools can influence the innovation intensity of intermediate products through external funding, internal R&D investment, and their synergistic effects. The study concludes with recommendations based on these findings.

Seismic hazard analysis and financial impact assessment of railway infrastructure in the US West Coast: A machine learning approach.

This research examines the seismic hazard impact on railway infrastructure along the U.S. West Coast (Washington, Oregon and California), using machine learning to explore how measures of seismic hazard such as fault density, earthquake frequency, and ground shaking relate to railway infrastructure accidents. By comparing linear and non-linear models, it finds non-linear approaches superior, particularly noting that higher fault densities and stronger peak ground shaking correlate with increased infrastructure accident rates. Shallow earthquakes with magnitudes of 3.5 or greater and hypocentral depths <20 km also exhibit a pronounced correlation with the incidence of railway infrastructure accidents The study extends to financial impact analysis through Net Present Value and Monte Carlo Simulation, and evaluates damage costs from 2000-2023 to guide financial planning and risk management strategies. It highlights the crucial role of advanced financial tools in optimizing maintenance and long-term planning that could result in better preparedness in high seismic hazard regions and emphasizes the need for robust risk management strategies in enhancing railway operational safety that considers the local and regional tectonic and seismic activity and local ground shaking intensity.