Final Year Research Articles

Layouts and tips for a typical final-year chemical engineering graduation project

Abstract A fundamental step in the education and scientific research processes is the final-year project for undergraduate students. In chemical engineering departments, the final year project has unique properties since it deals with the design and production of specific materials or chemicals. It represents a whole plant design. In the present work, a layout and tips are proposed for a typical final-year chemical engineering graduation project. Six chapters are suggested. Each chapter is given a main theme and subtitles in order to facilitate the writing process of the project. Chapter one represents an introduction to the importance of the material that was produced, material properties, production process, etc. In chapter two, material and energy balance calculations are addressed. Chapter three handled the equipment design. Cost and environmental assessments are discussed in Chapter four. The results of chapters two and three are compared with software outcomes, which can be collected in chapter five. Finally, the main results, conclusion, and recommendations for future work are proposed to be in Chapter six. Furthermore, tips and advice are addressed to assist students in the writing of a typical graduation project.

Supplementary Student Support Services for a Blended Learning Environment: A PANT model

Objective: To explore the expectations of the medical students regarding the support services in the blended learning environment. Methodology: the qualitative exploratory study was conducted at four institutes where blended learning was adopted during the covid-19 Pandemic. The participants were selected through convenience sampling while both male and female students from second-year MBBS to final year MBBS were included. Five Focus Group discussions were conducted with ten students in each group. The discussion was recorded and written by a note-taker. The recorded data was transcribed. Thematic data analysis was done manually. Results: Themes were encapsulated under four main categories based on commonalities across the observations. In Psychological support, the themes were personalized support for teachers and learners, social support, supportive strategies, e-mentoring, and professional therapy. For academic Support the themes identified were the identification and division of course for both face and online, more student centered online session, on campus skill labs role of teachers in teaching and learning, modified assessment methods, the company of peers for motivation, and the role of parents and family. In Non-academic Support, the themes were online recreational activities, online gaming gadgets, and support for differently-abled students. In Technological Support the themes identified were online interface for teaching, use of social media group for sharing, training of senior teachers and students in information technology, and accessible digital e-resources. Conclusion: Students need additional support while learning in a blended program which is reflected by their demands to include support in four main categories. The study highlighted the role of peers for online discussions sessions along with family support for a personalized space to study. E-resources must be provided while proper technological assistance is mandatory for smooth learning journey. Furthermore, need for psychological support was also emphasized.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students' views of a career in general practice: a focus group study.

General practice is an essential part of healthcare systems in the UK and internationally but continues to struggle with recruitment. Despite this, few studies have explored factors that influence medical students' career choices around primary care. We aimed to revisit factors that had previously been proposed following new ways of working adopted since the COVID-19 pandemic, including the impact of these changes on learning experiences in primary care. A qualitative study using focus groups across three English medical schools. Eight focus groups were held involving 33 final and penultimate year medical students. Qualitative data were analysed using a framework approach. Transcripts were coded independently by two researchers from a different institution before themes were identified. Six themes were identified: students' prior career aspirations, their experience of the medical school curriculum, conceptualisation of general practice, future career predictions, views on the school's curriculum philosophy, and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The curriculum philosophy of each school appeared to be important in this journey and changes since the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on all themes. Our study has confirmed previous findings that clinical experiences, the perceived narrative of the school, work-life balance, and working environment remain important to students in making career plans. However, in addition, we have found the changing landscape in general practice since the COVID-19 pandemic, including remote consulting, workload, continuity of care, and team-working, are additional factors that concern students.

Building a Strong Foundation for Academic Writing: A Training and Mentoring Program with Mendeley and Publish or Perish Platform for Final Year Students

Building a Strong Foundation for Academic Writing: A Training and Mentoring Program with Mendeley and Publish or Perish Platform for Final Year Students

Insights on the contribution of doctoral research findings from a school in a South African University towards policy formulation

Translation of health research findings into policy contributes to improvement of health systems. Generally, in sub-Saharan Africa policymakers rarely use research evidence and hence policies are often not informed by research evidence. Unless published or in the case of commissioned research, doctoral health research is often not used for health policy formulation. This paper analysed the potential and utilization of doctoral research from the School of Nursing and Public Health by KwaZulu-Natal Health Department of Health. The study adopted a mixed methods approach that combined elements of qualitative and quantitative research aspects. Qualitative data was collected through content analysis of 29 theses produced in the School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal between 2014 and 2021 and interviews held with four Department of Health personnel as policymakers. When researchers could not get information on how research questions were formulated from content analysis, they checked the student questionnaire for answers. Quantitative data was collected from 79 participants through structured questionnaires. Participants included 47 PhD graduates, 11 final year PhD students and 21 PhD supervisors. Data from content analysis and interviews was analyzed thematically while data from questionnaires was analyzed quantitatively. Eleven (52%) PhD supervisors reported that findings from 22 studies were being considered for policy development and adoption while some had resulted in policy guidelines and frameworks that can be used to formulate policies. Factors such as failure to involve the Department of Health during the formulation of research questions, inappropriate packaging of research findings, policymakers not aware of the availability of research findings, lack of commitment to the dissemination of research results by students and poor demand for research evidence by policymakers hindered the translation of PhD research findings into policy. From the 29 theses reviewed, sixteen (28%) of PhD respondents highlighted that they involved the Department of Health to formulate research questions while forty-two (72%) did not. The theses review also revealed limited identifiable information related to policy formulation. The study confirms the use of PhD research findings for policy formulation. Additionally, it highlights the factors that hinder utilization of PhD work by policymakers. Further research to understand the perspectives of policymakers on factors that contribute to utilization of PhD work as well as how the findings have contributed to policy formulation is recommended since there was not sufficient data collected from policymakers due to Covid-19 restrictions.

Evolution and Impact of a Diagnostic Point-of-Care Ultrasound Program in a PICU.

To evaluate the impact of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) use on clinicians within a PICU and to assess infrastructural elements of our POCUS program development. Retrospective observational study. Large academic, noncardiac PICU in the United States. Patients in a PICU who had diagnostic POCUS performed. None. Between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022, 7201 diagnostic POCUS studies were ordered; 1930 (26.8%) had a quality assurance (QA) record generated in an independent POCUS QA database. The cardiac domain was most frequently imaged (81.0% of ordered studies, 81.2% of reviewed studies). POCUS images changed clinician understanding of pathophysiology in 563 of 1930 cases (29.2%); when this occurred, management was changed in 318 of 563 cases (56.5%). Cardiac POCUS studies altered clinician suspected pathophysiology in 30.1% of cases (472/1568), compared with 21.5% (91/362) in noncardiac studies (p = 0.06). Among cases where POCUS changed clinician understanding, management changed more often following cardiac than noncardiac POCUS (p = 0.02). Clinicians identified a need for cardiology consultation or complete echocardiograms in 294 of 1568 cardiac POCUS studies (18.8%). Orders for POCUS imaging increased by 94.9%, and revenue increased by 159.4%, from initial to final study year. QA database use by both clinicians and reviewers decreased annually as QA processes evolved in the setting of technologic growth and unit expansion. Diagnostic POCUS imaging in the PICU frequently yields information that alters diagnosis and changes management. As PICU POCUS use increased, QA processes evolved resulting in decreased use of our initial QA database. Modifications to QA processes are likely necessary as clinical contexts change over time.

An evaluation of a final year multiple choice questions examination at Faculty of medicine-university of Benghazi

Background: Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are widely used in medical education, they have the feature of sampling broad domains of knowledge efficiently and reliably. They represent one of the most important examination tools used in undergraduate and postgraduate medical examinations. Exam analysis is an assessment tool that provides important information about validity and reliability of test. Item analysis is used to analyze the difficulty and the discrimination ability of individual items and the total test scores. The purpose of this study is to examine the quality of one of the final exam papers, that is composed of single best of five MCQs, and to examine the correlation between the difficulty and discrimination index of each item. Subject and method: The authors collected the exam results of 425 students who set for the final exam at the end of the a academic year 2021- 2022. The exam consisted of 70 MCQs and was aiming to assess the students` knowledge, understanding, application and analysis of the subject matter. The test was analyzed regarding content validity and reliability of the test as a whole as well as the difficulty coefficient and discrimination coefficient for each item. Results: Out of the 425 students who set for the exam about 86% has passed (scored ≥ 60% of the total marks), the test reliability was excellent (0.91) and the mean difficulty index (P) was 75.22 ± 19.4 (easy exam). Out of the 70 items six (8.57%) had a poor discrimination (D < 0.1). When comparing the exam questions with the blueprint 90% of the topics of the subject materials were either over or under represented. About 77% of the exam questions were testing either students` knowledge or understanding. The correlation between the difficulty index and discrimination index was moderately positive which was statistically significant (0.633, P = 0.000). Conclusion: although the current study showed a good exam reliability, however the exam content validity was suffering from many weakness regarding the total number of the items, and distribution of the items according to the topics and the cognitive levels, therefore the number of exam questions should be increased and a blueprint should be developed for assessment. The overall exam difficulty was low as there were too many easy questions and this could impair both exam validity and reliability. The number of average and difficult questions should be considerably increased.

Neurodiversity & nursing: Reflection of a final year general nursing student

Autism Spectrum Disorder is neurodevelopmental disorder, the manifestations of which and levels of support individuals may require vary greatly. Although there is a plethora of information regarding supporting autistic individuals in higher education and the workplace, there is a paucity of information regarding both autistic nurses and nursing students. This paper presents an overview of autism spectrum disorder, the particular features of which are relevant in nursing professions and in the context of higher education; and highlights issues surrounding disclosure and implementing reasonable accommodations. It concludes with a reflection of the author's experience as an autistic nursing student.

Product Positioning Evaluation and Exploitation of Nigerian Solid Mineral Resources: A Vile for Transformation Agenda for Third World Countries

The study focused on product positioning and exploitation of Nigerian solid mineral resources towards transforming third world countries. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the effect of product price, product quality and product differentiation on Nigerian solid mineral resources; Data were collected through a primary source. The population of the study was 218 which consisted of final year students of Marketing from University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. These respondents were used due to their background knowledge in Marketing. The study utilized simple random sampling technique to select sample of 80 respondents for the study. 5-point likert scale option of structured questionnaire was used in the study to obtain respondents’ response. Content validity was used to determine the validity of the instrument by giving to research experts who modified and made the necessary correction to measure the instrument. Simple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis. Three hypotheses were tested in line with the objectives of the study and it was revealed that there was a significant relationship between product price, product quality and product differentiation, and Nigerian solid mineral resources. The study suggested some recommendations as follows: Government agencies and major stakeholders affiliated with solid mineral resources in Nigeria should imbibe product price strategy in order to encourage high patronage for Nigerian solid mineral resources. Product quality should be embraced because it attracts foreign buyers to patronise Nigerian solid mineral resources. Government agencies and major stakeholders in charge of solid minerals in Nigeria should embark on product differentiation among mineral resources in Nigeria to command high patronage from foreign buyers.

Readiness for clinical practice: Self-perceived confidence of final year dental students in Turkey - A multi-institutional study.

The primary aim of undergraduate dental education is to prepare dental students for independent dental practice and to enable them to provide safe and effective dental care. This study aimed to investigate the self-perceived preparedness of senior dental undergraduate students in Turkey. Purposive sampling was used to recruit final-year dental students from 10 dental institutions offering undergraduate dental programs in Turkey. Student preparedness was assessed using a previously validated dental preparedness assessment scale based on 50 items encompassing core clinical skills, cognitive attributes, and behavioral skills. The research instrument was then translated into Turkish. The R statistical environment for Windows was used for the data analysis. Responses were provided by 272 students (156 women and 116 men; 57% and 43%, respectively) across 10 different universities. The mean score of the participants was 75.68 with slightly higher scores for men compared to women (77.35 vs. 74.46 respectively). However, independent t-tests showed that the scores did not differ significantly between women and men. This study evaluated the self-perceived preparedness for dental practice of final-year students from 10 universities in Turkey. Although the results showed several areas of weakness, the scores of self-perceived preparedness of Turkish students were comparable to those reported in Europe and Asia. These findings can be used to inform future curriculum development to support students in consolidating their learning in perceived areas of weakness.

Assessing the effectiveness of tumour board education among medical students: a pre-post-test analysis.

Multidisciplinary tumour boards (MDTs) play a vital role in providing high-quality cancer care. In Pakistan's compromised healthcare system, there is a lack of tumour board establishment. To bridge this gap, we aimed to enhance medical education by exposing medical students to the processes and advantages of MDTs early in their careers through conducting a mock tumour board. This approach seeks to provide students with a practical understanding of cancer care and the collaborative decision-making involved in managing cancer patients. A session took place at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre in May, 2023, with participants voluntarily agreeing to attend. This session comprised six components: a Pretest questionnaire, a didactic lecture on the concept of tumour boards, an interactive group discussion following the lecture, a simulated tumour case presentation, a workshop simulating a tumour board scenario and a Posttest questionnaire. A total of 80 participants were included in the study. The mean age of study participants was 22. Among these, 36 (45%) were in their final year, 34 (42.5%) in their fourth year and 10 (12.5%) in their third year. While the majority of students possessed a fundamental understanding of tumour boards, they lacked awareness regarding their importance, implementation and procedural aspects involved. Before the mock tumour board, 53 (66.3%) students were unfamiliar with tumour board procedures; post-workshop, all 80 (100%) gained awareness of the process. Additionally, the study showed a positive shift in perceptions regarding the cost-effectiveness of tumour boards. Initially, 44(55%) students responded with 'maybe' regarding tumour board's cost-effectiveness, but after training, 64 (80%) perceived it as cost-effective from patient's perspective. Moreover, students' overall pretest score was 66.5%, and posttest was 94.62%., showing an overall difference in knowledge of 28%. The mock tumour board workshop successfully heightened students' understanding of tumour board procedures, positively shaped their views on cost-effectiveness, and resulted in a noteworthy enhancement of their knowledge scores. Organising similar workshops for undergraduates offers a practical approach to bridging the current gap in the establishment of tumour boards in the future in Pakistan.

The Effect of Coping Stress on Final Year Students' Academic Achievement Index

The Effect of Coping Stress on Final Year Students' Academic Achievement Index

Learning of Intimate Area Examination Amongst Pakistani Medical Students: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Study

Background: Intimate area examination (IAE) is an integral part of clinical examination skills and must be mastered by medical students before they start their careers. This study explores the experiences of Pakistani medical students regarding learning of IAE, the associated barriers and their effects on students’ learning. Methods: This cross-sectional study, based on a self-designed questionnaire, was conducted at two Pakistani medical colleges, which included final year students and postgraduate trainees. Results: During their undergraduate training, 74.9% of the respondents had not conducted a female pelvic examination, 51.9% had not examined a female groin, 79.7% had not examined a female rectum, and 72.7% had not examined a male rectum. From the 65 postgraduate doctors, 48.4% reported that they were not prepared to perform an IAE at the start of their clinical career. Regarding barriers to IAE learning, more than half of the respondents felt that the opposite gender of the patient (64.7%) and patient’s refusal (63.1%) had a strong negative effect on IAE learning. A high percentage of respondents reports that they were not taught IAE during their undergraduate years. Among the currently used pedagogical techniques, 71.1% of the respondents opted for real patient-based learning, followed by clinical simulations (21.9%), and videos (7.0%). No one thought examination should be taught theoretically. A significant difference between male and female experience in IAE learning was also observed. Conclusion: Learning of IAE remains unsatisfactory and poses a major challenge for the Pakistani Medical Students in the institutes included in this study.

Enhancing doctoral learning through virtual communities of practice: an autoethnographic perspective

This article explores the role of virtual communities of practice in enhancing the doctoral experience, particularly in the contemporary digital era. The author emphasizes the multifaceted benefits, including elevating academic networking, optimizing knowledge management, and supporting the mental well-being of remote learners. The establishment of clear shared objectives, dynamic leadership, and a conducive environment for collaborative innovation are identified as key prerequisites for building successful virtual communities of practice. As remote doctoral education becomes more prevalent, virtual communities of practice not only facilitate academic engagement but also foster mutual support and advocacy among doctoral students. The researcher, as a final year PhD student employed autoethnography as a research method to offer an intimate and reflective exploration of her personal experiences within virtual communities of practice. This unique insider perspective adds depth to the discussion on elevating academic networking, optimizing knowledge management, and supporting the mental well-being of remote learners. Furthermore, her ongoing doctoral research focuses on the socialization process and the development of a sense of belonging among doctoral students. Motivated by her research topics, she commenced her doctoral studies during the epidemic and cultivated the practice of consistently maintaining a researcher’s reflection diary. This perspective article examines her diary, elucidating her experiences, opinions, and feelings. The researcher utilized a thematic approach to thoroughly analyze the author’s research diaries covering the period from December 2020 to August 2023. The article concludes by calling for further research into the professional identity development of doctoral students within virtual learning communities, exploring potential challenges and effective coping mechanisms to achieve inclusive practices in the complex and diverse digital era of academia.

Level of Awareness of Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Among Final -Year Medical Students. A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and the primary cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Awareness of breast cancer among adults can help to reduce the hazards and uncertainty associated with its delayed diagnosis. This study was planned to determine the awareness of risk factors of breast cancer among male and female students of Final year MBBS of HITEC-IMS, Taxila cantt. Methodology: All the final -year MBBS students (n=102) at HITEC IMS, Taxila Cantt were inducted in the study through non-probability convenience sampling. A total of 99 students completed the self-administered survey via online Google Forms. Data was analyzed using the chi-square test in SPSS version 28. Results: Out of a total of 99 students, the female response was more (56.56%) as compared to males (43.43%) with an average age of 22.9±1.607 years. Awareness regarding the role of the use of oral contraceptive pills, hormone therapy, exposure to radiation and family history in increasing the chances of developing breast cancer was generally high for both genders, with no significant differences. A notable gender difference was found in the awareness of early menstruation (P-value = 0.010). Students’ awareness regarding the risk factors like high consumption of red meals, low consumption of vegetables and fruits, low physical activity, and starting menstruating before age 12 was relatively low in both genders. Conclusion: This research emphasizes the importance of targeted educational interventions to enhance breast cancer risk factor knowledge among medical students.

How Have U.S. College Students’ Self-Reported Mental and Physical Health Shifted During the Pandemic?: A 3-Year Repeated Cross-Sectional Examination

ABSTRACT Although the COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous disruptions in many college students’ lives and increased rates of internalizing symptoms and perceived stress, multi-year trends in student mental health are still being uncovered. Moreover, very few longitudinal studies investigate changes in psychosocial stressors identified by students in their own words. The present study addressed these needs in the literature using self-report data collected from three cohorts of college students (total N = 1,042) recruited across three academic years (2020–2023). A mixed-methods approach was used to explore links between self-report quantitative data regarding mental health symptoms (e.g. depression, anxiety, somatization) and qualitative write-in data regarding psychosocial challenges experienced during the pandemic. Elevated mental health symptoms and lower-than-normative levels of perceived physical health persisted across all three years, with anxiety and somatization being most elevated in the final year. Through write-in data, students identified a wide range of challenges, including regarding mental health, finances, and remote learning, with many being linked to mental health symptoms. In the latter years, they reported emerging difficulties with face-to-face activities and lowered confidence in one’s skills. Findings indicate a strong, continuing need for targeted and universal intervention, with special attention to anxiety-related symptoms associated with late-to-post-pandemic stressors.

Microbiological Assessment of Smartphone Surfaces Obtained from Final Year Students at Hezekiah University Umudi, Nkwerre, Imo State, Nigeria.

Smartphones of students in tertiary institutions have been described as an understudied and under-explored microcosm by leading public health experts. The microbial quality of smartphone surfaces has been a constant reason for several scientific discussions. Two hundred students were initially targeted for the study, ten students in the final year class at the Hezekiah University Umudi permitted access to their phones during the sampling. The study carried by swabbing the surface of their phones with a normal saline-moistened swab stick using a square quadrant. The content was dislodged and diluted using a 10-fold serial dilution technique. The samples were evaluated for total heterotrophic count, coliform, fungal and Staphylococcal count. The bacterial isolates were tentatively identified using biochemical reactions. The total heterotrophic count of the samples obtained from the male students ranged from Log 2.82 CFU/cm2 to Log 3.21 CFU/cm2 while the total coliform count was observed to range from Log 1.3 CFU/cm2 to Log 1.6 CFU/cm2. The total heterotrophic count ranged from Log 2.82 CFU/cm2 to Log 3.21 CFU/cm2 for male students and from Log 1.6 CFU/cm2 to Log 2.73 CFU/cm2 for female students. The isolates obtained from the study were Acinetobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp. There is a need for the University to educate students on the need to routinely use alcohol-based wipes to clean the surfaces of their phones as a precautionary measure to limit diseases associated with the use of mobile phones.

Why do students choose to do an extended GP placement?

ABSTRACT The drivers for medical students’ decision making when considering which Student Selected Component (SSC) to undertake is poorly understood. Furthermore, it is unclear why students undertake a specific SSC allowing them to have an extended placement in GP in their final year. It is known that high quality GP placements encourage students to subsequently choose GP as their career, therefore if the decision-making process of students in this area can be better understood, then this may help inform medical school actions to encourage a greater uptake of these extended placements. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with final year medical students at a Scottish University. Students were selected to provide a mixture of those who had and had not chosen to undertake the extended placement. The data was transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis to generate themes which represented the data. This showed that career intention was a major factor driving SSC choice. Additionally, students sought peer feedback and tended to avoid specific SSCs if they felt a lack of internal motivation. Considering the choice for the extended placement, students tended, again, to choose based on career intentions, and they also based their decision on previous experiences of GP. Career intention and prior experience are key factors in student choice of SSC and whether to undertake an extended GP. In order to address the national shortage of GPs medical schools need to consider how they might influence these drivers.

Mathematical Work of a Future Teacher in Teaching the Box Plot Diagram

Objective: The study aims to characterize the teaching proposals of the future Mathematics teacher in the context of their practical training in the final year of their university studies. Theoretical Framework: To achieve this, we consider the theory of Mathematical Workspaces, which allows for the analysis of both the mathematical activity that an individual engages in while solving a mathematical task, and the activity that is promoted during teaching. Method: A qualitative methodology is adopted through the design of an instrumental case study. The case pertains to a future teacher conducting a class on constructing a box plot. This class was observed and transcribed for analysis in light of the proposed mathematical work. Results and Discussion: The mathematical work exhibited by the future teacher includes a strong semiotic component and the use of non-material artifacts for quartile calculations. Students' prior knowledge is utilized in this context, with procedural aspects taking precedence over statistical thinking. Implications of the Research: The study raises concerns about the statistical education of mathematics teachers and its impact on future teaching proposals. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the study of statistics and initial teacher training in their influence on the future practices of Mathematics teachers. It provides a characterization of the mathematical work promoted by a future teacher and offers insights into concerns regarding the development of statistical thinking.

The implementation of the elective subject "Public Health" in the final year for medical students at Göttingen University Medical Center: results of the UNITE project

International and national frameworks and initiatives call for strengthening the training of health professionals in the public health service (PHS) through cooperation with universities. The German Medical Licensing Regulations of 21st Sep 2021 provides for an integration of PHS into undergraduate medical training in the final year since 1st May 2022. The present study presents the procedure and results of the final year elective Public Health (PH) implementation for medical students at the University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) in cooperation with the local PHS. In the twelve-month project UNITE (07/21-06/22), the final year elective PH was implemented in seven steps: analysis of the framework conditions, conception of the elective, preparation of a logbook, pilot phase with five students in one-week rotations, public relations for students, introduction of a medical didactic training for staff of the health department and implementation of the elective PHS with students. A cooperation agreement between UMG and the Health Department regulates the training of medical students. Students complete four-week rotations in the areas of public health service and funeral services, paediatric and adolescent medical service, infection control and social psychiatric service. The logbook for students contains learning objectives for individuals specialised in services for self-assessment of the acquired competences. The didactics training was implemented with high learning success of the participating staff. So far three final year students have successfully completed the elective. The implementation of final year elective PHS strengthens the anchoring of public health topics in the education of medical students in Göttingen and makes PHS more visible as a professional perspective. Essential for the successful implementation were the establishment of a continuous cooperation between the university and the health department, student-oriented teaching-learning concept with a logbook suitable for the location, a trained multiprofessional team in the health department, and the evaluation of the elective for quality assurance and further development of the training. The concept presented here can help other locations in establishing the final year elective in PH and can be adapted to specific local conditions.