Final Summary Research Articles

A Study on Some Tasks, Corpus and Resources of Medical Information Retrieval

Background/Objectives: This paper gives an overview of some tasks involved in the retrieval process, corpus and resources of medical information retrieval. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Inverted file representation method is used in the retrieval process for associating documents in the corpus with various search terms. Conventional statistical ranking functions such as Jaccard, Okapi and Euclidean have been widely used for ranking retrieved medical documents. An extractive informative generic mono-lingual single-document summarizer is used to produce medical domain-specific summary. Sentence ranking method is used to include most appropriate sentences in the final summary. Findings: Studies reveal that people are searching the web and read medical related information in order to be informed about their health. In the medical domain, richest and most used source of information is MEDLINE. Because of frequent use of acronyms in the medical literature, using the term that appears in documents as keywords for document indexing would not be effective. Also, using Bag of Words representation could not capture the semantic meaning of terms. Some domain-specific thesauri like UMLS, MeSH and Gene ontology are available for biomedical retrieval. These domain-specific thesauri can provide synonyms, hypernyms and hyponyms of a specific term but it does not look into the context. Therefore, the retrieval results of using domain-specific thesauri are somewhat conflicting. It is possible to identify which lexical variant of specific term should be used under specific context by using Wikipedia as resource for biomedical retrieval. Conventional ranking functions fail to capture the inherent features of natural language text. Evolutionary algorithm based ranking can enhance the retrieval performance. Any domain-specific summarizer must consider similarity between sentences as essential feature for summarization. Applications/Improvements: Improvements in retrieval results is achieved by using context-aware keywords as indexing keywords and highly robust hybrid evolutionary algorithm based ranking function for ordering the retrieved documents.

ChemInform Abstract: A Review of High Magnetic Moment Thin Films for Microscale and Nanotechnology Applications

AbstractReview: 457 refs.

AUTOMATIC TEXT SUMMARIZATION USING SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE FOR HINDI LANGAUGE

Automatic text summarization is a technique which compresses large text into a shorter text which includes the important information. Hindi is the top-most language used in India and also in a few neighboring countries there is a lack of proper summarization system for Hindi text. Hence,in this paper, we present an approach to the design an automatic text summarizer for Hindi text that generates a summary by extracting sentences. It deals with a single document summarization based on machine learning approach. Each sentence in the document is represented by a set of various features namelysentence paragraph position, sentence overall position, numeric data, presence of inverted commas, sentence length and keywords in sentences. The sentences are classified into one of four classes namelymost important, important, less important and not important. The classes are in turn having ranks from 4 to 1 respectively with “4”indicating most important sentence and “1” being least relevant sentence . Next a supervised machine learning tool SVM rank is used to train the summarizer to extract important sentences, based on the feature vector. The sentences are ordered according to the ranking of classes. Then based on the required compression ratio, sentences are included in the final summary. The experiment was performed on news articles of different category such as bollywood, politics and sports. The performance of the technique is compared with the human generated summaries. The average result of experiments indicates 72% accuracy at 50% compression ratio and 60% accuracy at 25% compression ratio.

Exploring the subtopic-based relationship map strategy for multi-document summarization

In this paper we adapt and explore strategies for generating multi-document summaries based on relationship maps, which represent texts as graphs (maps) of interrelated segments and apply different traversing techniques for producing the summaries. In particular, we focus on the Segmented Bushy Path, a sophisticated method which tries to represent in a summary the main subtopics from source texts while keeping its informativeness. In addition, we also investigate some well-known subtopic segmentation and clustering techniques in order to correctly select the most relevant information to compose the final summary. We show that this subtopic-based method outperforms other methods for multi-document summarization and that achieves state of the art results, competing with the most sophisticated deep summarization methods in the area.

Call for papers: SERMACS 2016

submissions are being accepted for the 2016 S outheast Regional Meeting (SERMACS), which will be held on Oct. 23–26 at the Columbia Convention Center in South Carolina. The meeting’s theme is Catalyzing Chemical Changes. Highlights include plenary talks by Martin Chalfie, Harry Gray, Rhonda Craig, and Arthur C. Cope Scholars Miguel Garcia-Garibay, Luis Campos, and William Dichtel. Activities for high-school chemistry teachers and undergraduate students are planned for the first day of the meeting. Undergraduates are encouraged to submit posters and oral presentations to any of the symposia or technical sessions or to the Monday evening undergraduate poster session held during the Sci-Mix social event. Abstracts are due on Aug. 15. To submit an abstract, visit the meeting website or ACS’s Meeting Abstracts Programming System at maps.acs.org. For more information, visit sermacs2016.org. The final program summary will be published in C&EN in the fall; the online program will be

Call for papers: MWRM 2016

submissions are being accepted for the 2016 Midwest Regional Meeting, which will take place on Oct. 26–28, in Manhattan, Kan. In addition to nine technical symposia and six poster sessions, the meeting will feature the Midwest ACS Award Symposium, a graduate and undergraduate award symposium, and an exhibition. Abstracts are due on Aug. 15. To submit an abstract, visit the meeting website or ACS’s Meeting Abstracts Programming System at maps.acs.org. For more information, visit mwrm2016.sites.acs.org. The final program summary will be published in C&EN in the fall; the online program will be available on Sept. 26.

Call for papers: NORM 2016

submissions are being accepted for the 2016 Northwest Regional Meeting, which will be held June 26–29 at the Egan Center in Anchorage. The meeting will highlight environmental chemistry in the Arctic, drug discovery and neurochemistry, and computational chemistry. The final program summary will be published in C&EN this spring; the online program will be available on May 23. Abstracts are due on April 11. To submit an abstract, visit the meeting website or ACS’s Meeting Abstracts Programming System at maps.acs.org. For more information, visit norm2016.sites.acs.org.

Anticholinergic burden in inpatient psychogeriatric population – Do we care?

BackgroundAlthough recent studies have found that there is significant association between anticholinergic and cognitive impairment, especially in the elderly population, there seems to be minimal emphasis on anticholinergic burden (ACB) when prescribing medications to the inpatient psychogeriatric population.AimTo evaluate the prescribing patterns in Older Person Mental Health Inpatient Unit (OPMHU), whether the ACB Score on admission has been reviewed for lowest possible ACB while maintaining therapeutic effects. A protocol will be developed to ensure that ACB is reviewed for future admissions and discharges.MethodologyFifty patients admitted and discharged from OPMHU are recruited retrospectively from 30th September 2015, excluding outliers and deceased patients. For those who had multiple admissions during that period, only the most recent admission would be included for evaluation. Individual ACB score is calculated on admission and discharge based on pharmacist final medication summary. Their mental health records are also audited for any documented ACB review by the treating team, while making note for any pre-existing cognitive impairment.ResultACB has not been taken into consideration in all patients by the treating team on admission as well as when prescribing medications on discharge. Hence, it is unsurprising that the ACB score showed an increment of 30% on discharge (3.25) when compared to the admission score (2.5).ConclusionThe study found that although ACB poses significant risks on cognitive impairment, this knowledge has not been employed pragmatically. A protocol should be developed to ensure that ACB is evaluated and managed accordingly.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

A review of high magnetic moment thin films for microscale and nanotechnology applications

The creation of large magnetic fields is a necessary component in many technologies, ranging from magnetic resonance imaging, electric motors and generators, and magnetic hard disk drives in information storage. This is typically done by inserting a ferromagnetic pole piece with a large magnetisation density MS in a solenoid. In addition to large MS, it is usually required or desired that the ferromagnet is magnetically soft and has a Curie temperature well above the operating temperature of the device. A variety of ferromagnetic materials are currently in use, ranging from FeCo alloys in, for example, hard disk drives, to rare earth metals operating at cryogenic temperatures in superconducting solenoids. These latter can exceed the limit on MS for transition metal alloys given by the Slater-Pauling curve. This article reviews different materials and concepts in use or proposed for technological applications that require a large MS, with an emphasis on nanoscale material systems, such as thin and ultra-thin films. Attention is also paid to other requirements or properties, such as the Curie temperature and magnetic softness. In a final summary, we evaluate the actual applicability of the discussed materials for use as pole tips in electromagnets, in particular, in nanoscale magnetic hard disk drive read-write heads; the technological advancement of the latter has been a very strong driving force in the development of the field of nanomagnetism.

Study in the Quality of Clinical Documentation Practice in Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal

Background: Primary documentation of a patient is crucial for making effective healthcare decision and improvements in the quality of care. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of current documentation practice in tertiary care hospitals. Materials and methods: This was an assessment of medical documentation practice of one year from the period of January 2010 to December 2010 in Chitwan Medical College, Teaching Hospital. Total 184 patients' discharge files were enrolled and reviewed. Documentation was reviewed in its quality such as completeness, Coherent, consistency and Legibility.Results: In overall pooled analysis, High omission rate was observed in final diagnosis, results (cure, improved, referral and death), hospital stay, and final case summary. Although, satisfactory performance was observed in complete set of forms (72.2%); Patient consent for treatment &release authorization forms (78.2%) and treatment chart (60.8%), the overall pooled performance in ten components showed50% performance gap. Study demonstrated that documentation and its legibility, coherent and consistency in all departments needs substantial improvements in the institution.JNGMC Vol. 12 No. 2 December 2014, Page: 11-16

Call for Papers: International Carbohydrate Symposium

The International Carbohydrate Symposium will take place on July 17–21 at the New Orleans Marriott. The meeting will highlight advances in the glycosciences. Sessions include “Hudson Award Symposium in Honor of Geert-Jan Boons”; “Synthesis of Carbohydrates, Glycoconjugates & Glycan-Based Biomaterials”; “Carbohydrate Structure, Analysis & Computation”; “Glycobiochemistry & Glycobiology”; “Glycotechnology in Medicine, Nutrition & Material Science”; “Conversion & Utilization of Lignocellulosic Biomass”; “Sustainable Solutions for Processes & Products at DuPont”; and “Development & Commercialization of Cutting-Edge Analytical Technologies for Characterization of Carbohydrates.” The final program summary will be published in C&EN in the summer; the online program will be available on June 13. Abstracts are due May 2. To submit an abstract, visit the meeting website or ACS’s Meeting Abstracts Programming System at maps.acs.org. For more information, visit www.ics-2016.org.

A Proposed Textual Graph Based Model for Arabic Multi-document Summarization

Text summarization task is still an active area of research in natural language preprocessing. Several methods that have been proposed in the literature to solve this task have presented mixed success. However, such methods developed in a multi-document Arabic text summarization are based on extractive summary and none of them is oriented to abstractive summary. This is due to the challenges of Arabic language and lack of resources. In this paper, we present a minimal languagedependent processing abstractive Arabic multi-document summarizer. The proposed model is based on textual graph to remove multi-document redundancy and generate coherent summary. Firstly, the original text, highly redundant and related multidocument, will be converted into textual graph. Next, graph traversal with structural rules will be applied to concatenate related sentences to single ones. Finally, unwanted and less weighted phrases will be removed from the summarized sentences to generate final summary. Preliminary results show that the proposed method has achieved promising results for multidocument summarization.

Preliminary exploration on the training of medical students' humanity and communication skills through situation simulation and behavior correction

The course Doctoring is designed mainly to deal with the practice of medical communication skills and clinical situation by the view of humanity and professionalism. Undergraduates in the early learning phase were taught with advanced communication skills on the basis of Calgary-Cambridge guidelines by using standard patient based simulation and behavior correction. Teachers using methods like class teaching, group discussion, simulating diagnosis and treatment, self and mutual comments and final summary to give doctoring lessons which emphasize on students' equal opportunities to practice. Questionnaires were used to evaluate teaching effect. Most of the students learned empathy, the structure of the interrogation, the preliminary master communication skills, self-confidence to communicate with patients. All the students think that this course can help medical work in the future, so it is necessary to set up this course. Teachers also gave positive feedback. Key words: Situation simulation; Behavior correction; Undergraduate education; Doctor-patient communication; Medical humanities

Systematic review with meta-analysis: the incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis in children and adults in population-based studies.

The recognition of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) has risen sharply, but its current epidemiology is still under debate. To estimate accurately the prevalence and incidence rates of EoE, by a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE, EMBASE and SCOPUS databases were searched for population-based studies on the epidemiology of EoE. Pooled incidence and prevalence rates, male:female and children:adult ratios, and geographical and temporal variations were calculated with random-effects models. The search yielded 1334 references; the final quantitative summary included 13 population-based studies from North America, Europe and Australia, with the results showing high heterogeneity. The pooled EoE incidence rate was 3.7/100 000 persons/year [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7-6.5] and was higher for adults (7; 95% CI: 1-18.3) than for children (5.1; 95% CI: 1.5-10.9). The pooled prevalence of EoE was 22.7 cases/100 000 inhabitants (95% CI: 12.4-36), rising to 28.1 (95% CI: 13-49) when studies with a lower risk of bias were considered; prevalence was higher in adults than in children (43.4; 95% CI: 22.5-71.2 vs. 29.5; 95% CI: 17.5-44.7, respectively), and in American compared to European studies. A steady rise in EoE incidence and prevalence rates was observed upon comparison of studies conducted before and after 2008. No significant publication bias was found. Eosinophilic oesophagitis is an increasingly common diagnosis in North America and Europe. The population-based incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis vary widely across individual studies, probably due to variations in diagnosis and risk of bias of research. More prospective, large-scale, multicenter studies are needed to evaluate reported data.

On Carnival and Context: A Response to Bridget Storrie

I thank Bridget Storrie warmly for a fascinating article that helps me to think about carnival’s political promise in more rewarding ways.1 Storrie and I differ in how we assess the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), in our stances on the utility of traditionally investigative modes of official historical inquiry, and, perhaps to some extent, in the political ontologies underlying these differences. I thank the editors for allowing this exchange to occur, and I hope it contributes to our understanding of the Canadian TRC and to debates about responding to historic injustice more generally.2 ‘Carnival of Truth’ focused on the TRC’s distinctively victim-centred approach to producing and disseminating knowledge. It noted that the Commission’s fault-finding and forensic investigative mandate were severely limited: the TRC was denied subpoena powers and lacked even the right to report on allegations against specific individuals (unless the individual had already been convicted of the offence at issue) or make assignments of individual responsibility or blame in its proceedings and findings. Instead, the TRC’s primary concern was to tell the story of Canada’s Indian residential schools policy through the experiential narratives of the former students, families and community members affected by that policy. At this response’s time of writing, the Commission had concluded seven years of roving public hearings, from which it garnered roughly 6,750 individual statements, to be housed permanently at the University of Manitoba’s National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation (NCTR). The statements figured as important sources in the Commission’s final summary report of June 2015.3

Automatic summarization of soccer highlights using audio-visual descriptors.

Automatic summarization generation of sports video content has been object of great interest for many years. Although semantic descriptions techniques have been proposed, many of the approaches still rely on low-level video descriptors that render quite limited results due to the complexity of the problem and to the low capability of the descriptors to represent semantic content. In this paper, a new approach for automatic highlights summarization generation of soccer videos using audio-visual descriptors is presented. The approach is based on the segmentation of the video sequence into shots that will be further analyzed to determine its relevance and interest. Of special interest in the approach is the use of the audio information that provides additional robustness to the overall performance of the summarization system. For every video shot a set of low and mid level audio-visual descriptors are computed and lately adequately combined in order to obtain different relevance measures based on empirical knowledge rules. The final summary is generated by selecting those shots with highest interest according to the specifications of the user and the results of relevance measures. A variety of results are presented with real soccer video sequences that prove the validity of the approach.

Summarization of changes in dynamic text collections using Latent Dirichlet Allocation model

In the area of Information Retrieval, the task of automatic text summarization usually assumes a static underlying collection of documents, disregarding the temporal dimension of each document. However, in real world settings, collections and individual documents rarely stay unchanged over time. The World Wide Web is a prime example of a collection where information changes both frequently and significantly over time, with documents being added, modified or just deleted at different times. In this context, previous work addressing the summarization of web documents has simply discarded the dynamic nature of the web, considering only the latest published version of each individual document. This paper proposes and addresses a new challenge - the automatic summarization of changes in dynamic text collections. In standard text summarization, retrieval techniques present a summary to the user by capturing the major points expressed in the most recent version of an entire document in a condensed form. In this new task, the goal is to obtain a summary that describes the most significant changes made to a document during a given period. In other words, the idea is to have a summary of the revisions made to a document over a specific period of time. This paper proposes different approaches to generate summaries using extractive summarization techniques. First, individual terms are scored and then this information is used to rank and select sentences to produce the final summary. A system based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation model (LDA) is used to find the hidden topic structures of changes. The purpose of using the LDA model is to identify separate topics where the changed terms from each topic are likely to carry at least one significant change. The different approaches are then compared with the previous work in this area. A collection of articles from Wikipedia, including their revision history, is used to evaluate the proposed system. For each article, a temporal interval and a reference summary from the article’s content are selected manually. The articles and intervals in which a significant event occurred are carefully selected. The summaries produced by each of the approaches are evaluated comparatively to the manual summaries using ROUGE metrics. It is observed that the approach using the LDA model outperforms all the other approaches. Statistical tests reveal that the differences in ROUGE scores for the LDA-based approach is statistically significant at 99% over baseline.

Naujas finansų vadovėlis

In 2006 the publishing house “Kaunas Technologija” published the textbook “Public Finance” by E. Buskeviciūtė. Textbook is ded icated to bachelor and master students of social sciences studies and employees from different enterprises and organizations. The textbook consists of introduction, seven chapters, author’s final word, abbreviations, index, appendixes and English summary. The work consists of 442 pages, 417 references, 141 picture, 41 table and 27 graphic appendixes. The textbook is important for its information systematisation, possible broad application. The textbook deals with complicated state financial relations in various aspects referring to scientific works of various Lithuanian and foreign authors, also statistics and normative information. The structure of the book ”Public Finance” is logically purposeful, the information is well systematized, consequently arranged, using unified and methodically based scheme. At the end of every chapter there is a wide list of questions, tasks and cases, which would inspire students and practitioners to get interested in state monetary relations with contemplation and creativity. The first chapter of the texbook presents a short development of finance, finance conception. The second chapter reveals state finance system links, state treasury system. Third, fourth and fifth chapters broadly analyse state budget system, fiscal policy, tax system, insurance activity. Chapter six describes state debt management, and chapter seven presents state finance control system. The Textbook ”Public Finance” is aimed at improving st udents’ education quality, as well as helping practitioners to take finance management decisions.

A Comprehensive Structural Overview of p38α MAPK in Complex with Type I Inhibitors.

p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a well-recognized therapeutic target for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Over the past two decades, tremendous efforts have been focused on the discovery and development of small-molecule p38α MAPK inhibitors, although currently no drugs targeting this protein are clinically available. Therefore, the identification of novel chemotypes that are able to inhibit p38α MAPK function is still of great therapeutic significance. With the objective to support drug discovery programs aimed at identifying new immunomodulators acting on p38α MAPK, herein we present a complete overview of the available crystal structures of this protein in complex with ATP-site type I inhibitors. The 85 available complexes are classified by chemotype and experimental binding mode, and the ligand-protein interactions are discussed using the most representative inhibitors. The type and frequency of key inhibitor features are analyzed to give a final summary of the chemical requirements of promising p38α MAPK inhibitors. The proposed pharmacophore can be exploited to enhance the opportunities to identify novel type I inhibitors of p38α MAPK.

Five Key Leadership Actions Needed to Redesign Family Medicine Residencies.

New skills are needed to properly prepare the next generation of physicians and health professionals to practice in medical homes. Transforming residency training to address these new skills requires strong leadership. We sought to increase the understanding of leadership skills useful in residency programs that plan to undertake meaningful change. The Preparing the Personal Physician for Practice (P4) project (2007-2014) was a comparative case study of 14 family medicine residencies that engaged in innovative training redesign, including altering the scope, content, sequence, length, and location of training to align resident education with requirements of the patient-centered medical home. In 2012, each P4 residency team submitted a final summary report of innovations implemented, overall insights, and dissemination activities during the study. Six investigators conducted independent narrative analyses of these reports. A consensus meeting held in September 2012 was used to identify key leadership actions associated with successful educational redesign. Five leadership actions were associated with successful implementation of innovations and residency transformation: (1) manage change; (2) develop financial acumen; (3) adapt best evidence educational strategies to the local environment; (4) create and sustain a vision that engages stakeholders; and (5) demonstrate courage and resilience. Residency programs are expected to change to better prepare their graduates for a changing delivery system. Insights about effective leadership skills can provide guidance for faculty to develop the skills needed to face practical realities while guiding transformation.