Final Questionnaire Research Articles

Assessment of Public Awareness of Cellulitis in Al-Qunfudhah Region, Saudi Arabia.

The term "cellulitis" is frequently used to describe a non-necrotizing inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues that is typically caused by an acute infection and does not affect the muscles or fascia. Warmth, erythema, tenderness, swelling, and localized pain are the hallmarks of cellulitis. Life-threatening and debilitating outcomes from cellulitis include necrotizing fasciitis, necrotizing hypodermitis, abscess formation, septic shock, and, in extreme cases, death. The current study aimed to assess public awareness of cellulitis in the Al-Qunfudhah region, Saudi Arabia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted targeting all residents in Al-Qunfudhah, Saudi Arabia, during the period from January to March 2024. Data were collected using a pre-structured online questionnaire. The study questionnaire included participants' demographic data, cellulitis data, and knowledge and attitude towards cellulitis. The final questionnaire was uploaded online using social media platforms by the researchers and their friends until no more new participants were included. A total of 470 records were analyzed. Among the respondents, the majority were male (n=347, 73.8%), and the highest proportion fell within the age range of 18 to 25 years (n=174, 37.0%). The highest proportion of respondents correctly identified cellulitis as a medical condition affecting the skin and soft tissues underneath it, typically caused by infection or injury (n=278, 59.1%). Additionally, the majority acknowledged that cellulitis can cause pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area (n=240, 51.1%). As for factors associated with awareness of cellulitis, significant associations were found with age group (p=0.031), educational levels (p=0.003), and employment status (p=0.002). This study revealed a high level of awareness of cellulitis among participants, especially highly educated and employed participants. Participants believed that healthcare providers play a crucial role in raising population awareness of cellulitis health problems.

PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN EDUCANDY TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DI SD NEGERI 1 WONOBOYO

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of Educandy learning media on the learning motivation of fourth grade students in Pancasila Education subjects at SD Negeri 1 Wonoboyo. This research is a quasi-experimental quantitative research, namely Non-Equivalent Control Group Design, which has two groups of subjects for the experimental class and the control class. Involving as many as 36 students. Data collection techniques were observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is normality test, homogeneity test, and independent sample t-test. The use of learning motivation questionnaires to determine student learning motivation at the beginning and end. The results of the initial motivation questionnaire for the control and experimental classes respectively obtained an average value of 68.33 and 66.44, while the results of the final motivation questionnaire were 61.11 and 72.78. The hypothesis test conducted was obtained when the significance value (2-tailed) was 0.000. The conclusion obtained is if there is an effect of Educandy learning media on the learning motivation of SD Negeri 1 Wonoboyo students.

Tax Incentive Mediates Foreign Direct Investment Determinants and Hotel Performance in Arusha Tanzania

This study seeks to explain the mediation effect of tax incentives on the relationship between ownership advantage (OWA), location advantage (LA), and internationalization (INT) factors determining Foreign direct investment (FDI) on hotel performance (HP). The study proposes the mediation model of tax incentives and FDI toward hotel performance in the Arusha region, of Tanzania. The proposed order of the model is that foreign direct investment depends on OWA, LA, and INT which may become applicable through tax incentives and tax incentives may further predict hotel performance. The measurement scale was borrowed from different studies and responded Includes hotel owners, managers, executive officers, and employees. Data were collected from August 2022 to February 2023; whereby 257 filled questionnaires were gathered and 236 were usable for further analysis. Final questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings support that tax incentive fully mediates the relationship between ownership advantage and FDI toward hotel performance and partially mediates location advantage and internationalization on FDI investments toward hotel performance. The paper strengthens theoretical arguments by indicating the mediation effect of tax incentives on the relationship between the determinant of FDI, OWA, LA, INT, ICT, and hotel performance. Thus, this study adds to the literature as it has confirmed the eclectic paradigm theory.

Validation of the Arabic language version of the Audio Processor Satisfaction Questionnaire (APSQ) for hearing implant users.

Audio processors (AP) are the external components of hearing implants. User satisfaction with the performance and comfort of their AP is a critical factor in ensuring daily use, which leads to improved hearing outcomes. The aim of this study was to construct and validate an Arabic language translation of the APSQ for use among Arabic-speaking clinicians and patients. The original APSQ was translated into the Arabic language using cross-cultural adaptation measures. The final questionnaire was administered to CI users in electronic form. 117 CI users (64 female) participated. A total of 179 ears were assessed. High levels of satisfaction with audio processors were observed among CI users. Item and scale analyses indicate that this version of the APSQ measure a homogeneous and valid construct. The Arabic version of the APSQ captures user satisfaction with hearing implant audio processors.

Pharmacist's knowledge and attitude towards self-medication practices: a cross-sectional study for the development and validation of questionnaire.

Pharmacists play an essential role in self-medication by providing guidance and counselling services to consumers; hence, it is necessary to assess pharmacists' awareness and attitude towards self-medication to promote responsible self-medication practices. To develop a valid and reliable instrument to assess the knowledge and attitude of pharmacists towards self-medication practices and their role in promoting responsible self-medication. A questionnaire was developed in English after a relevant literature review, which was further administered to a sample of 105 community pharmacists. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using the Karl-Pearson correlation and Cronbach alpha statistics. Content validity was evaluated by subject experts. The dimensional structure of items was assessed through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The final questionnaire comprises 27 items for knowledge and attitude with a Karl-Pearson correlation value of 0.896 and Cronbach alpha value of 0.814 (24 items), indicating good internal consistency and reproducibility. Factor analysis identified five factors: namely, (i) attitude towards providing guidance and advice to consumers to promote responsible SMP, (ii) attitude towards shared responsibility for promoting rational medicine supply and use, (iii) knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of SMP, (iv) knowledge of the definition of self-medication, (v) attitude towards professional competency of a pharmacist as a healthcare provider. CFA results demonstrate good model fit with the value of Chi-square (184.56), CFI (0.937), RMSEA (0.054), and SRMR (0.075). Model validity measures ensure satisfactory validity and reliability. The findings demonstrate a valid and reliable measure for assessing the knowledge and attitude of pharmacists towards self-medication.

Cross-cultural validation of Malay version of perceived professionalism among dental patients

BackgroundProfessionalism is a dynamic construct that requires constant revision based on contemporary practices and attitudes.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to cross-culturally adapt an already validated English questionnaire assessing patient perceptions of professionalism among dentists, into the Malay language.MethodsAn original 24-item questionnaire was cross-cultural adapted in the Malaysian context through two phases. Phase I included content and face validity from experts’ evaluation which was followed by translation into the Malay language. Phase II involved psychometric assessment including construct validity and reliability analysis.ResultsExpert evaluation indicated that all items demonstrated excellent content validity for the characteristics of relevance (CVI = 0.75–1.00 Kappa = 0.72–1.00) and clarity (CVI = 0.75–1.00 and Kappa= 0.72–1.00). A total of 300 dental patients completed the questionnaire. EFA was done on the first dataset and the second dataset was subjected to CFA which showed composite reliability (CR) ranging between 0.741 and 0.897 indicating acceptable reliability among items. The final questionnaire had 20 items with 3 domains; Patient expectation of a dental care provider, Ethics and Dentist’s professional responsibilities, Patient communication and confidentiality.ConclusionThis study has successfully validated the questionnaire for patient perception of professionalism in the Malaysian context.

Development of a harmonized sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire for mental health research: A Delphi-method-based consensus recommendation.

Harmonized tools are essential for reliable data sharing and accurate identification of relevant factors in mental health research. The primary objective of this study was to create a harmonized questionnaire to collect demographic, clinical and behavioral data in diverse clinical trials in adult psychiatry. We conducted a literature review and examined 24 questionnaires used in previously published randomized controlled trials in psychiatry, identifying a total of 27 domains previously explored. Using a Delphi-method process, a task force team comprising experts in psychiatry, epidemiology and statistics selected 15 essential domains for inclusion in the final questionnaire. The final selection resulted in a concise set of 22 questions. These questions cover factors such as age, sex, gender, ancestry, education, living arrangement, employment status, home location, relationship status, and history of medical and mental illness. Behavioral factors like physical activity, diet, smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use were also included, along with one question addressing family history of mental illness. Income was excluded due to high confounding and redundancy, while language was included as a measure of migration status. The recommendation and adoption of this harmonized tool for the assessment of demographic, clinical and behavioral data in mental health research can enhance data consistency and enable comparability across clinical trials.

Validation and Standardization of a Questionnaire for the Self-Assessment of Service-Learning Experiences in Higher Education (QaSLu-27)

There has been a proliferation of service-learning practices in many disciplines of higher education. Although there are many instruments to assess various aspects related to service-learning, only a few are valid and reliable. This research tries to fill that gap by providing an optimal instrument. To this end, 118 educators from 43 higher education institutions participated in the validation process. Sampling was incidental and based on opportunity. Participants were asked to fill in the Questionnaire for the Self-assessment of University Service-learning Experiences—45 (QaSLu-45), which consists of 45 items with a 5-point Likert scale and was validated qualitatively through the Delphi method in 2020. To validate the questionnaire psychometrically, four steps were followed. First, an exploratory factor analysis of the main components was performed. Next, robust unweighted least squares factor exploratory analysis was carried out. Then, the goodness-of-fit and reliability of the final questionnaire were calculated. Finally, the scales for the new reduced QaSLu-27 were established. These results provide a valid, robust, reliable instrument, the QaSLu-27, which not only facilitates the evaluation of service-learning experiences for improving teaching and learning processes but can also be useful for their design.

Course design aspects of blended learning in undergraduate education

Blended learning is a popular teaching mode in today’s higher education system. Course design for blended education presents a challenge for educational specialists. This research aims to identify the essential aspects of course design in undergraduate blended learning. Course content, course structure and delivery, collaborative engagement, learner facilitation, and assessment and evaluation were discovered as aspects of blended learning course design. Based on the identified aspects, a survey questionnaire was designed and pilot tested to check the reliability and validity of the measurement tool. The analysis revealed that the questionnaire was acceptable in terms of psychometric characteristics after removing four items. Therefore, 23 items remained in the final questionnaire, which was considered reliable and valid for the context. The information was gathered using an online questionnaire from academic staff at Sri Lankan state universities attached to the departments conducting degree programs in the computing discipline. There were 97 participants included in the final dataset. The results were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results revealed that ‘assessment and evaluation’ was highly considered when designing undergraduate blended learning courses, while other aspects which are also imperative, have been paid less attention by the university academicians.

COVACPREG, a French prospective cohort study of women vaccinated against COVID-19 during pregnancy

The objective of this cohort study was to describe the French population of pregnant women vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), their pregnancy outcomes and the health status of their newborns (malformation rate, neonatal diseases, etc.), and to proactively collect and analyze reported adverse reactions over time. We conducted a prospective study using an online questionnaire. Women vaccinated during pregnancy who wanted to participate were asked to complete an inclusion questionnaire (dates of pregnancy and vaccination COVID-19, etc.), a questionnaire on the potential occurrence of adverse reactions (time of onset, type of adverse reaction, etc.) of the vaccination, sent 1 month after the injection, and a final questionnaire on the outcome of the pregnancy and the health status of the child. A total of 938 women were prospectively included in this first French study. A total of 132 women reported having had at least 1 adverse reaction following vaccination during pregnancy (14.1%), including few 'serious' adverse reaction (5.3%). There were no signals of adverse reactions during continuous monitoring. Among the 938 pregnant women, 22.4% received the vaccination COVID-19 during the first trimester, 64.2% during the second and 33.4% during the third trimester (some women have had several injections in different trimesters). Among the 938 women, 4.3% developed gestational hypertension and 13.9% diabetes; 3.3% had intrauterine growth restriction and 7.8% threatened preterm delivery. These rates are comparable to those observed in the French general population. Among live births, the rate of preterm birth was 5.1%. We reported a prevalence of major malformations of 3.9%, which is comparable to that reported by European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT), with a rate of 3.5% of major malformations in the general population of mainland France. In conclusion, our study did not demonstrate any particular safety signals in the event of vaccination with a Covid-19 vaccine during pregnancy.

Development of a questionnaire for assessing the impact of children’s food marketing exposure on diet-related outcomes

IntroductionThe Government of Thailand has drafted legislation to protect children from the harmful impact of unhealthy food (including beverages) marketing. Local evidence on Thai children’s exposure to, and the impact...

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Chronic Occupational Low Back Pain among Healthcare Professionals Working at Hospitals: Exploratory Survey Study.

Objective This study aimed to describe the methodological process for developing a questionnaire to identify the prevalence and risk factors for chronic occupational low back pain in healthcare professionals working at hospitals. Method An exploratory crossectional survey study was carried out in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, and its metropolitan region, in two stages. Initially, the authors prepared a questionnaire based on the Roland Morris disability questionnaire and sent it to a committee of low back pain specialists for validation using the Delphi technique. The second stage consisted of sending the final questionnaire to health professionals working in a hospital environment for at least 2 years and presenting chronic low back pain for at least 3 months. Results Validation occurred in two rounds of questionnaire adjustments by a panel consisting of physical therapists and physician experts in the field (orthopedists with more than 3 years of experience). Both rounds had 13 participants. The questionnaire initially consisted of 27 items, and, after validation, it had 19 items. The study included 65 subjects, with an average age of 40.91 years old and an average time working at a hospital of 40 hours per week. The total sample had 76.9% of physicians, 10.8% of physical therapists, and 12.3% of nurses or nursing technicians. Most (52.3%) subjects reported staying in uncomfortable positions affecting the lower back for 5 to 10 hours per day. Conclusion We developed and validated, using the Delphi technique, a questionnaire on the prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic occupational low back pain among healthcare professionals working at hospitals. This unprecedented tool can benefit the population studied since the questionnaires currently used to evaluate chronic low back pain are not specific for investigating the occupational cause of this condition.

Facilitators and Barriers in the Implementation and Adoption of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurements in Daily Practice

ObjectivesAt the Erasmus Medical Center, patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) are implemented on a hospital-wide scale. However, less than half of the patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) use these PROMs. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate facilitators and barriers for adoption of PROMs to develop guidance around implementation. MethodsA mixed-methods study with a combination of interviews and focus groups and questionnaires was conducted, involving patients, both PROM nonresponders and PROM responders, HCPs, and medicine students and nurse specialists in training (hereafter “students”). Interview transcripts were subjected to thematic content analysis. Subsequently, questionnaires were developed and presented to all stakeholders to validate the findings. Finally, identified themes and implementation recommendations were presented in a final questionnaire to the Value-Based Healthcare Erasmus Medical Center expert group to prioritize findings. ResultsInterviews were conducted with 15 patients, 14 HCPs and 4 students, and 2 focus groups with 5 students. The questionnaire was completed by 370 of 999 responders (37.0%), 173 of 1395 nonresponders (12.5%), and 44 of 194 HCPs (22.7%), and 40 students were reached via an open link. The identified facilitators and barriers were grouped into 4 overarching themes: training on PROMs at different levels in the education of (future) HCPs, motivate and reduce the burden for the HCP, implement generic and disease-specific PROMs simultaneously, and motivate, activate, and reduce the patient burden. ConclusionsProviding end users with digital tools, implementation support, and a clear hospital-wide vision is important, yet this does not guarantee successful adoption of PROMs. Successful adoption necessitates ongoing efforts to engage, motivate, and train end users.

The effects of melatonin and magnesium in a novel supplement delivery system on sleep scores, body composition and metabolism in otherwise healthy individuals with sleep disturbances

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a novel dietary supplement, including melatonin and magnesium, delivered via coffee pods on sleep quality, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and body composition in individuals with poor sleep quality disturbances. Using a double-blinded, randomized, crossover trial, we recruited 35 participants to a 4-week intervention with both supplements (1.9 mg melatonin + 200 mg elemental magnesium before sleep) and placebo conditions, considering a 7d washout period between treatments. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was applied, RMR (kcal) was measured using indirect calorimetry (canopy ventilated open-circuit system) and body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Decreases in PSQI and anger – hostility scores, as well as in energy intake and fat mass, were observed (p < 0.05) for both conditions, from baseline to the end of each 4-week intervention. Differences between conditions were also observed for these parameters along with energy spent in activity, number of sedentary breaks, sleep efficiency, latency time, time in bed, total sleep time, awakening time, and movement index (p < 0.05) favouring the supplement condition. However, the final PSQI questionnaire scores still indicated poor sleep quality on average (PSQI > 5), in both conditions, with no changes regarding RMR. A melatonin-magnesium supplement, in a coffee pod format, showed improvements in sleep quality in otherwise healthy individuals with sleep disturbances, however PSQI questionnaire scores still indicated poor quality on average (PSQI > 5).

CAHQL: A patient reported outcome instrument to assess health-related quality of life in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a crucial aspect of evaluating health care outcomes. Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) often self-report deficiencies in HRQoL. The aim of our study was to develop a disease-specific patient reported outcome (PRO) instrument to evaluate the HRQoL of patients >16 years old with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Following the FDA guidelines for developing PRO instruments, we developed a conceptual framework for the instrument. A preliminary instrument was created after interviewing a representative sample of 12 patients with CAH between 16 to 68 years old and 3 parents, and obtaining expert feedback from 4 endocrinologists. The instrument was edited after cognitive interviews with 6 patients. Internal consistency of the instrument was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. Validity was assessed by comparing the scores of our instrument with scores from widely used validated instruments for HRQoL and PRO not specific to CAH. Sixty-nine patients 16 to 75 years old participated in validating our preliminary instrument. The final questionnaire consists of 44 questions within 7 domains: General Health, Adrenal Insufficiency, Glucocorticoid Excess, Physical Functioning, Mental Health and Cognition, Social Functioning, and Sexual Functioning, with acceptable internal consistency (Chronbach's alpha≥0.6) and validity (r = -0.350 to 0.866). CAHQL is the first validated PRO instrument to capture disease specific HRQoL outcomes in CAH. In addition to its anticipated use in the clinical setting, the instrument could be used to assess the efficacy of novel treatments in development.

Materials Development for Teaching English using Quizizz to the 10th Graders of Modeling Design and Building Information Department in Vocational High School 3 Mataram

General English is not considered adequate for vocational students. They need a curriculum built around "English for Specific Purposes" (ESP) to develop the targeted language skills required for their chosen field especially in Modeling Design and Building Information Department. This study examines the development of ESP-Based English material using Quizizz for vocational schools, along with student opinions on the material with Quizizz. Using R&amp;D (Research and Development) methodology with ADDIE model, the study progressed through data collection, analyzing data, designing new materials, expert validation, developing the materials, implementing the ESP-based English material using Quizizz, and giving the final questionnaire students to find out student’s opinions. The research involved 30 participants who were X DPIB A at SMKN 3 Mataram. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The result of this research are; 1) The design of ESP-Based English material is developed into 4 distinc thematic topics (The introduction of the material, Professional Profiles, Object Identification, and Describing Places) by inserting vocabulary appropriate to the major and the materials were delivered to students via the interactive learning platform Quizizz. Interactive features such as; multiple choice, fill-in-the-blanks, polls, picture-matching, open-ended questions, and drag-and-drop activities enriched the exercise design. 2) The total score of 79.083% in the student’s opinions questionnaire suggests that students are highly interested and engaged with the English ESP materials developed using Quizizz.

The Knowledge of Autism Questionnaire-UK: Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation.

Tools to measure autism knowledge are needed to assess levels of understanding within particular groups of people and to evaluate whether awareness-raising campaigns or interventions lead to improvements in understanding. Several such measures are in circulation, but, to our knowledge, there are no psychometrically-validated questionnaires that assess contemporary autism knowledge suitable to the UK context. We aimed to produce a brief measure to assess between-respondent variability and within-respondent change over time. A pool of questionnaire items was developed and refined through a multi-stage iterative process involving autism experts and a lay sample. Attention was paid to face validity, clarity, consensus on correct responses, and appropriate difficulty levels. Initial validation data was obtained from a lay sample of 201 people. Difficulty and discrimination ability were assessed using item response theory and low-performing items were removed. Dimensionality was evaluated with exploratory factor analysis, which revealed a one-factor structure of the questionnaire. Further items were removed where they did not load strongly on their main factor. This process resulted in a final 14-item questionnaire called the Knowledge of Autism Questionnaire-UK. Internal consistency was satisfactory, and the final questionnaire was able to distinguish between parents of autistic people and those without an affiliation to autism. The KAQ-UK is a new, freely-available measure of autism knowledge that could be used to assess between-respondent variability and within-respondent change over time. Further evaluation and validation of its measurement properties are required.

An evaluation of the validity and reliability of the tuberculosis patient knowledge questionnaire

Background: Poor knowledge of tuberculosis (TB) patients on tuberculosis affects adherence. It is necessary to measure patient awareness of the disease and treatment to assess the extent to which patients know about the disease and its treatment. A good questionnaire has been tested for validity and reliability. Currently, some studies need to show the validity process of the TB knowledge questionnaire directly. Objective: To measure the validity and reliability of the tuberculosis patient knowledge questionnaire. Method: Accidental sampling was used in the research approach. By comparing the corrected item-total item values, the construct validity and reliability of the final knowledge questionnaire were evaluated. Additionally, an internal consistency test with an alpha coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) was used to assess the questionnaire’s reliability. Result: A total of 93 respondents were picked from different Bengkulu healthcare centers. The validity test results indicate the corrected item-total item &gt; 0.30. According to the findings of the reliability test, Cronbach's alpha &gt; 0.60 throughout. Conclusion: This study proves the validity and reliability of the knowledge questionnaire as a tool for measuring knowledge.

Barriers to Women’s Gaining a Role in Grassroots Government: The Case of a Questionnaire Survey of Grassroots Civil Servants in China

This dissertation investigated the barriers faced by female civil servants in grassroots government in China when it comes to work and promotion. On the basis of the existing literature, three research questions are posed in this dissertation:1) Do women face barriers when seeking access to local government? If so, what are these barriers? 2) Does gender socialisation and gender norms have an impact on women’s representation in government? 3) What are the career goals of women entering government at the primary level? To address these research questions, this dissertation used mixed methods research methodology, which employed a non-quantitative questionnaire to collect data. To ensure the accuracy of the final questionnaire, this dissertation conducted a Pilot Study to get feedback from the target people. According to findings and discussion, this dissertation found that traditional Chinese gender norms and gender-based discrimination, including internalised sexism constrain the job development of female civil servants at the primary level. It also found that the weakness of China’s elderly care facilities makes daughters-in-law the primary bearers of elderly care responsibilities, which can place additional family burdens on grassroots women and discourage their job advancement. The study further found that the patriarchal dominant ‘guanxi’ culture is unfair to the development of female civil servants at the grassroots level. This dissertation mainly reveals the restrictions and barriers imposed on women under the patriarchal culture.

Development and validation of impact of early integration of palliative care and oncology(IEI PCO) questionnaire: a survey for medical oncologists and nurses

ObjectivesMany associations have recently recommended early integration of oncology and palliative care for more standard cancer care and better quality of life. We aimed to create a questionnaire to assess the opinion of medical oncologists and nurses about the clinical impact of the integrated palliative care and oncology (PCO) program.MethodsA novel semi-structured questionnaire called Impact of Early Integration of Palliative Care Oncology (IEI PCO) questionnaire was developed and tested for validity and reliability then distributed to the oncologists and nurses working in Kuwait Cancer Control Center.ResultsAfter the pilot stage, testing the final questionnaire for validity and reliability was done with satisfactory results. Finally, the complete questionnaires were 170 out of 256 (response rate 66.41%). More awareness about the available palliative care services and the new available PCO services (p-value < 0.001 for all). Most of the oncologists and nurses agreed with the currently available structure of PCO, appreciated the patients’ discharge plan and continuity of care of palliative medicine, admitted less work burden, a better attitude, and higher satisfaction (p-value for all < 0.001) toward palliative care. Significant improvements in symptoms were appreciated by oncologists and nurses after the integration of palliative care (p-value for all < 0.001. Oncologists and nurses valued repeated honest communication, discussion of the goals of care, dealing more effectively with ending active treatment, and higher acceptance of patients and families of PC policy of transfer, and significant progress in the care of end-of-life symptoms (p-value for all < 0.001).ConclusionsThe IEI PCO questionnaire demonstrated the psychometric criteria for content, face, and construct validity and reliability. It provides a valuable tool to assess the impact of PCO integration. The opinion of medical oncologists and nurses was significantly positive toward the early integration of PCO in Kuwait in most aspects of care. This integration led to improved symptom control, end-of-life care, communication, and planned discharge and follow-up plans. Moreover, decreases the work burden, improves attitude, higher satisfaction of the oncology staff, and continuity of care.