Final Phase Research Articles

Improving the response to disasters by enhancing the incident command system

Climate change is having a significant effect on disasters worldwide. In response, societies have attempted to mitigate the consequences by developing standardised arrangements, known as incident command systems. Many of these systems have a military heritage using hierarchical command-and-control principles that are authoritative by nature and fit well within bureaucratic organisations. While emergency services agencies have embraced these incident command systems, other agencies have not, thereby making the multi-agency response to disasters challenging. This research investigated current incident command systems to develop an improved framework that includes all agencies and improves the multi-agency response to emergencies and disasters. A multi-modal qualitative research approach was undertaken using a literature review, semi-structured interviews with informants and a policy analysis of recent disaster reviews and inquires. This combined data informed the development of 4 options for improvements to the multi-agency response and consolidated the issues into 5 domains. These domains and options for improvement were presented to a panel of experts at the strategic level of emergency and disaster management by way of a 2-round modified Delphi study. This paper reports on the final phase of the research; the policy analysis and modified Delphi study. The most significant outcome of this research was a new level of understanding of strengths and weakness of the incident command system. This contributed to the development of a new conceptual framework based on modifications to the incident command system principles.

Observations on the courtship behaviour of Deocata Pipefish Microphis deocata (Hamilton, 1822) (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae) in an aquarium

The Deocata Pipefish Microphis deocata, is the sole freshwater syngnathid found in the Himalayan range. This species is categorised as ‘Near Threatened’ by the IUCN Red List and is also listed as a Schedule I species under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. This species is highly sought after in the ornamental fish trade due to its attractive colouration and uniqueness. The courtship behaviour of M. deocata consists of three distinct phases (initial courtship, spawning, and swaying) characterized by substantial behavioural alterations. M. deocata is a species where the action of females is more visible for commencing courting and strengthening at later phases. The females exhibit skin fold ornamentation to signal their readiness to spawn mature eggs. The first courtship phase is characterised by female quivering along with head pointing by both sexes and often tail entangling. As a sign of embracing the male often overlies upon the female. In the second phase, the female transfers her eggs onto the male incubating ventral surface with an upside-down body posture. During the final phase, the male forms his body into a contracting wave and lastly settles down in the bottom of the tank.

A five-year quasi-experimental study to evaluate the impact of empiric antibiotic order sets on antibiotic use metrics among hospitalized adult patients.

Evaluation of adult antibiotic order sets (AOSs) on antibiotic stewardship metrics has been limited. The primary outcome was to evaluate the standardized antimicrobial administration ratio (SAAR). Secondary outcomes included antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 patient days (PD); selected antibiotic use; AOS utilization; Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) cases; and clinicians' perceptions of the AOS via a survey following the final study phase. This 5-year, single-center, quasi-experimental study comprised 5 phases from 2017 to 2022 over 10-month periods between August 1 and May 31. The study was conducted in a 752-bed tertiary care, academic medical center. Our institution implemented AOSs in the electronic medical record (EMR) for common infections among hospitalized adults. For the primary outcome, a statistically significant decreases in SAAR were detected from phase 1 to phase 5 (1.0 vs 0.90; P < .001). A statistically significant decreases were detected in DOT per 1,000 PD (4,884 vs 3,939; P = .001), fluoroquinolone orders (407 vs 175; P < .001), carbapenem orders (147 vs 106; P = .024), and clindamycin orders (113 vs 73; P = .01). No statistically significant change in mean vancomycin orders was detected (991 vs 902; P = .221). A statistically significant decrease in CDI cases was also detected (7.8, vs 2.4; P = .002) but may have been attributable to changes in CDI case diagnosis. Clinicians indicated that the AOSs were easy to use overall and that they helped them select the appropriate antibiotics. Implementing AOS into the EMR was associated with a statistically significant reduction in SAAR, antibiotic DOT per 1,000 PD, selected antibiotic orders, and CDI cases.

Machine-Learning-Assisted Construction of Ternary Convex Hull Diagrams.

In the search for novel intermetallic ternary alloys, much of the effort goes into performing a large number of ab initio calculations covering a wide range of compositions and structures. These are essential to building a reliable convex hull diagram. While density functional theory (DFT) provides accurate predictions for many systems, its computational overheads set a throughput limit on the number of hypothetical phases that can be probed. Here, we demonstrate how an ensemble of machine-learning (ML) spectral neighbor-analysis potentials (SNAPs) can be integrated into a workflow for the construction of accurate ternary convex hull diagrams, highlighting regions that are fertile for materials discovery. Our workflow relies on using available binary-alloy data both to train the SNAP models and to create prototypes for ternary phases. From the prototype structures, all unique ternary decorations are created and used to form a pool of candidate compounds. The SNAPs ensemble is then used to prerelax the structures and screen the most favorable prototypes before using DFT to build the final phase diagram. As constructed, the proposed workflow relies on no extra first-principles data to train the ML surrogate model and yields a DFT-level accurate convex hull. We demonstrate its efficacy by investigating the Cu-Ag-Au and Mo-Ta-W ternary systems.

Areca nut extract increased stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in 4-nutriquinoline-1-oxide-tumor-induced Sprague-Dawley rats

Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common oral cancers with a high mortality rate. The biodiversity source in Indonesia makes areca nut a potential antioxidant in treating disease. Objective The study aimed to evaluate the effect of areca nut extract in 4-nutriquinoline-1-oxide (NQO)-tumor-induced rats. Methods Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as the control group, group 2 was 4NQO-induced rats without treatment, and groups 3 and 4 were given 4NQO-tumor inducer with 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW of areca nut extract, respectively. The rats in groups 2,3, and 4 received 30 ppm of 4NQO tumor inducer in drinking water for 12 weeks. In the end, all rats were euthanized and the tongue was removed. The body, liver, kidney, heart, and lungs weights were measured. Tongue tumor volume and dysplasia lesions were analyzed. The tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor and stromal area were scored semi-quantitatively associating the infiltrate grade (0-3) and analyzed histologically. Results There were significant differences in body weight loss between the initial and final phases in groups 1 and 2 (p&lt;0.05). The areca nut at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW significantly reduced the tumor size compared with groups 1 and 2 (p&lt;0.05). The incidence of OSCC in rats with 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW of areca nut extract after 22 weeks was 0%, but the dysplasia lesions were observed at 28.57% and 85.71%, respectively. The highest mean of stromal TILs was in group 3 and there were significant differences in stromal TILs between groups 2 and 3 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion Areca nut extract in 4NQO-induced rats by inducing infiltrating lymphocytes in the stromal tumor area on the OSCC lesion of the tongue.

Perceived risk of COVID-19 hurts mental health: the mediating role of fear of COVID-19 and the moderating role of resilience

BackgroundDepression and anxiety have been found prevalent during all phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. In late December 2022, almost all COVID-19 control measures were lifted in China, leading to a surge in COVID-19 infections. The public’s perceived risk and fear of COVID-19 would be increased. This study aims to examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the Chinese general population and explores the mediating role of fear of COVID-19 between COVID-19 perceived risk and depression/anxiety and the moderating role of resilience between fear of COVID-19 and depression/anxiety.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Wenzhou, China, immediately following almost all COVID-19 control measures lifted. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to evaluate depression, anxiety, COVID-19 perceived risk, fear of COVID-19, and resilience, respectively. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator and adjusted for significant background factors was performed to test the moderated mediation. Data obtained from 935 participants were analyzed.ResultsThe prevalence of moderate to severe depression and anxiety was 23.7% and 9.5%, respectively. The present study revealed positive associations among COVID-19 perceived risk, fear of COVID-19 and depression/anxiety, and negative associations between resilience and fear of COVID-19/depression/anxiety. Fear of COVID-19 partially mediated the association between COVID-19 perceived risk and depression/anxiety. Furthermore, resilience significantly moderated the association between fear of COVID-19 and depression/anxiety. Two moderated mediation models were constructed.ConclusionDepression and anxiety were prevalent among Chinese adults during the final phase of the pandemic in China. The significant mediation role of fear of COVID-19 implies that reducing fear of COVID-19 may effectively alleviate depression and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, enhancing public resilience during an epidemic crisis is crucial for promoting mental health.

Effect of Randall foils on the rowing propulsive cycle

ABSTRACT Rowing performance depends on the design and building materials used for competition. Recently, attempting to improve rowing performance, the Randall foil has been attached to the top edge of a rowing Big blade, making it spoon shaped. The current study aimed to analyse the differences between Big blades with and without Randall foils in force-related variables. Nineteen rowers performed two bouts of 90 s at maximal effort tethered rowing and differences were found in cycle average peak force (4.33 ± 1.46 vs. 5.26 ± 1.57 N/kg), propulsive cycle average time (1.79 ± 0.38 vs. 1.52 ± 0.24 N/kg.s) and rate of force development (8.79 ± 4.75 vs. 12.07 ± 4.60 N/kg/s) for Big blades with and without foils (respectively). Differences were also observed between the middle (4.79 ± 1.21 vs. 4.08 ± 1.48 N/kg) and final phases (4.86 ± 1.45 vs. 4.04 ± 1.47 N/kg) of the rowing effort for the cycle average peak force of Big blades with and without Randall foils. Data suggest a positive effect of these foils on the force–time curve profile. Future studies should focus on testing its influence on free on-water rowing.

Variability in the Integration of Peers in a Multi-site Digital Mental Health Innovation Project

Peer support specialists (“peers”) who have the lived experience of, and are in recovery from, mental health challenges are increasingly being integrated into mental health care as a reimbursable service across the US. This study describes the ways peers were integrated into Help@Hand, a multi-site innovation project that engaged peers throughout efforts to develop and offer digital mental health interventions across counties/cities (“sites”) in California. Using a mixed methods design, we collected quantitative data via quarterly online surveys, and qualitative data via semi-annual semi-structured phone interviews with key informants from Help@Hand sites. Quantitative data were summarized as descriptive findings and qualitative data from interviews were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis methods. In the final analytic phase, interview quotes were used to illustrate the complex realities underlying quantitative responses. 117 quarterly surveys and 46 semi-annual interviews were completed by key informants from 14 sites between September 2020 and January 2023. Peers were integrated across diverse activities for support and implementation of digital mental health interventions, including development of training and educational materials (78.6% of sites), community outreach (64.3%), technology testing (85.7%), technology piloting (90.9%), digital literacy training (71.4%), device distribution (63.6%), technical assistance (72.7%), and cross-site collaboration (66.7%). Peer-engaged activities shifted over time, reflecting project phases. Peer-provided digital literacy training and technology-related support were key ingredients for project implementations. This study indicates the wide range of ways peers can be integrated into digital mental health intervention implementations. Considering contextual readiness for peer integration may enhance their engagement into programmatic activities.

Rhinophyma - the end-stage of rosacea

Rhinophyma is defined as a progressive, deforming, nodular enlargement of the sebaceous glands caused by hypertrophy of the sebaceous follicles. It is assumed to be the final phase of chronic rosacea occurring mainly in Caucasian men. This disease negatively affects the quality of life of patients due to decreased self-esteem and depressive disorders. Nasal deformation by narrowing the nostrils impairs the physical performance of patients and even leads to the development of sleep apnea. Treatment is mainly based on surgery to remove pathological tissue. The literature also provides the possibility of therapy using ablative techniques and laser therapy.&#x0D;

New data on the geological structure and zonality of the Vorontsovka gold field in the Northern Urals

Spatial distribution of gold, copper, and iron ore deposits in the Northern Urals with the largest Turya-Auerbakh ore region is controlled by north-west trending linear zones of a probably fault nature. The influence has been demonstrated of regional factors (including the tectonic, magmatic, and geochemical ones) favoring formation of the large Au-As-Sb-Hg-Tl Vorontsovka deposit located within a volcanogenicsedimentary, substantially carbonate rock sequence. Closely spaced swarms of Devonian pre-ore and Carboniferous post-ore mafic dykes have been identified within the deposit. The primary geochemical halos of the Vorontsovka deposit have a multielement composition and, coupled with the ores, form a thick ore-halo zone confined to the gentle tectonic contact of sandstone-siltstone and limestone units. The main halo-forming elements are zonally distributed in the section. The footwall side of the gold deposit (rear zone) is dominated by Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ag, and Bi; the axial zone, by Sb, Hg, Tl, and As; and the hanging side (frontal zone), by&#x0D; As, Zn, Hg, Pb, Ag, (Cu). In the east (closer to the Auerbakh granitoid massif), Ag, Zn, Pb, Mn, Y, Mo, and W relatively accumulate, while in the west (most remotely from the intrusive), Sb, Ba, As, Hg, Co, Ni, and Sn dominate. The 40Ar/39Ar age of ~391.1 million years, obtained for hydromica of the gold-arsenic ores, corresponds to the period of emplacement of granodiorite of the final Auerbakh massif intrusive phase. The conclusion is made on the crucial magmatic contribution to the formation of gold ores of the deposit.

Laser-Induced Thermal Decomposition of Uranium Coordination Compounds with Non-oxidic Ligands to Produce Nitride and Carbide Materials.

The production of ceramics from uranium coordination compounds can be achieved through thermal processing if an excess amount of the desired atoms (i.e., C or N), or reactive gaseous products (e.g., methane or nitrogen oxide) is made available to the reactive uranium metal core via decomposition/fragmentation of the surrounding ligand groups. Here, computational thermodynamic approaches were utilized to identify the temperatures necessary to produce uranium metal from some starting compounds─UI4(TMEDA)2, UCl4(TMEDA)2, UCl3(pyridine)x, and UI3(pyridine)4. Experimentally, precursors were irradiated by a laser under various gaseous environments (argon, nitrogen, and methane) creating extreme reaction conditions (i.e., fast heating, high temperature profile >2000 °C, and rapid cooling). Despite the fast dynamics associated with laser irradiation, the central uranium atom reacted with the thermal decomposition products of the ligands yielding uranium ceramics. Residual gas analysis identified vaporized products from the laser irradiation, and the final ceramic products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction. The composition of the uranium precursor as well as the gaseous environment had a direct impact on the production of the final phases.

Ideas of Multipolarity in the Conceptual Frame of the Soviet Diplomacy during the Final Phases of the Great Patriotic war (1943–1945)

This article endeavors to delineate the conceptual landscape occupied by the notions of prospective multipolarity within the strategic discourse of Soviet diplomacy during the latter phases of the Great Patriotic War. Particular emphasis is placed on the intellectual contributions of two prominent Soviet diplomats, M.M. Litvinov and I.M. Maisky. The author substantiates these insights by drawing upon both published and archival source materials, including the diaries and records maintained by officials within the Soviet Foreign Office, as well as documents emanating from the "Litvinov commission."While the diplomatic theories formulated by Litvinov and Maisky during the years 1943–1945 have been subject to analysis by Russian and international scholars, the majority of extant scholarship has traditionally focused on the content and nuances of their perspectives on specific international "questions." Departing from this convention, this article adopts a methodological approach that seeks to explore the underlying conceptual foundations upon which the ideas of Litvinov and Maisky were constructed. Additionally, the essay introduces a novel dimension by surveying the viewpoints of other Soviet diplomats (S.A. Lozovskii, B.E. Shtein, Ia.Z. Surits, E.V. Tarle), who have garnered relatively less scholarly attention.Of paramount interest is the manner in which Litvinov and Maisky envisaged the post-World War II international landscape, albeit without explicitly employing the term "multipolarity." The article addresses critical questions, such as their perception of the global scenario following WWII, their consideration of the inevitability of Soviet-American bipolarity, and the factors and circumstances that influenced their conceptualizations. The contemporary resurgence of discussions surrounding the trajectory of multipolarity in the twenty-first century underscores the pertinence of this historical inquiry.The article's key conclusion posits that the conceptual framework embraced by Soviet diplomats during 1943–1945 was not centered on notions of bipolarity or an imminent Cold War. While acknowledging the potential escalation of tensions between the USSR and Western nations led by the USA and Great Britain, they favored collaboration among the principal powers of the antiHitlerite coalition, grounded in an implicit understanding of their respective "spheres of influence." Although Soviet Foreign Office officials did not discount the possibility of the formation of a united Anglo-American front against the USSR, they believed that Soviet diplomacy should actively work to prevent such an outcome by capitalizing on the fissures between Washington and London.

The Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for serious mental illness in community mental health part 3: study protocol to evaluate sustainment in a hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomized trial

BackgroundAlthough research on the implementation of evidence-based psychological treatments (EBPTs) has advanced rapidly, research on the sustainment of implemented EBPTs remains limited. This is concerning, given that EBPT activities and benefits regularly decline post-implementation. To advance research on sustainment, the present protocol focuses on the third and final phase—the Sustainment Phase—of a hybrid type 2 cluster-randomized controlled trial investigating the implementation and sustainment of the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for patients with serious mental illness and sleep and circadian problems in community mental health centers (CMHCs). Prior to the first two phases of the trial—the Implementation Phase and Train-the-Trainer Phase—TranS-C was adapted to fit the CMHC context. Then, 10 CMHCs were cluster-randomized to implement Standard or Adapted TranS-C via facilitation and train-the-trainer. The primary goal of the Sustainment Phase is to investigate whether adapting TranS-C to fit the CMHC context predicts improved sustainment outcomes.MethodsData collection for the Sustainment Phase will commence at least three months after implementation efforts in partnering CMHCs have ended and may continue for up to one year. CMHC providers will be recruited to complete surveys (N = 154) and a semi-structured interview (N = 40) on sustainment outcomes and mechanisms. Aim 1 is to report the sustainment outcomes of TranS-C. Aim 2 is to evaluate whether manipulating EBPT fit to context (i.e., Standard versus Adapted TranS-C) predicts sustainment outcomes. Aim 3 is to test whether provider perceptions of fit mediate the relation between treatment condition (i.e., Standard versus Adapted TranS-C) and sustainment outcomes. Mixed methods will be used to analyze the data.DiscussionThe present study seeks to advance our understanding of sustainment predictors, mechanisms, and outcomes by investigating (a) whether the implementation strategy of adapting an EBPT (i.e., TranS-C) to the CMHC context predicts improved sustainment outcomes and (b) whether this relation is mediated by improved provider perceptions of treatment fit. Together, the findings may help inform more precise implementation efforts that contribute to lasting change.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05956678. Registered on July 21, 2023.

Factors Influencing Consumer Behaviour towards Online Purchase Intention on Popular Shopping Platforms in Malaysia

The number of individuals willing to make purchases of goods and services over the internet has steadily increased over the past several years. Additionally, as a result of the pandemic, it has reshaped consumer behavior, making people more hesitant to leave their homes to obtain the things they need. Therefore, the safest method for them is to shop online. Consequently, we need to assess and investigate the quality of Malaysian e-commerce that has the potential to influence a consumer’s intention to make an online purchase. This research topic represents a limited investigation into how the standard of e-commerce in Malaysia may impact consumer preferences regarding online shopping. As a consequence of this, the primary goal of this research is to conduct in-depth studies and future research on how e-commerce quality influences customers’ intentions to shift from traditional purchases to online ones. It is crucial to conduct further research and explore the intentions of Malaysians to gain a better understanding of customers’ motives for making purchases. To obtain respondent samples for the study, researchers employed non-probability sampling strategies such as convenience sampling and snowball sampling. In this study, we also used social media to distribute 384 different sets of online questionnaires to random respondents for data collection purposes. Approximately 350 valid responses were collected from Malaysians who had made online purchases and were under the age of 40 using an online Google form. Subsequently, the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software was utilized to analyse the gathered data. In the final phase of this study, researchers will summarise and outline all findings from each test. They will then use multiple regression analysis to determine whether each variable (service quality, information quality, e-trust, and performance expectation) significantly affects online purchase intentions.

Two-Level Information-Retrieval-Based Model for Bug Localization Based on Bug Reports

Software bugs are a noteworthy concern for developers and maintainers. When a failure is detected late, it costs more to be fixed. To repair the bug that caused the software failure, the location of the bug must first be known. The process of finding the defective source code elements that led to the failure of the software is called bug localization. Effective approaches for automatically locating bugs using bug reports are highly desirable, as they would reduce bug-fixing time, consequently lowering software maintenance costs. With the increasing size and complexity of software projects, manual bug localization methods have become complex, challenging, and time-consuming tasks, which motivates research on automated bug localization techniques. This paper introduces a novel bug localization model, which works on two levels. The first level localizes the buggy classes using an information retrieval approach and it has two additional sub-phases, namely the class-level feature scoring phase and the class-level final score and ranking phase, which ranks the top buggy classes. The second level localizes the buggy methods inside these classes using an information retrieval approach and it has two sub-phases, which are the method-level feature scoring phase and the method-level final score and ranking phase, which ranks the top buggy methods inside the localized classes. A model is evaluated using an AspectJ dataset, and it can correctly localize and rank more than 350 classes and more than 136 methods. The evaluation results show that the proposed model outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches in terms of the mean reciprocal rank (MRR) metrics and the mean average precision (MAP) in class-level bug localization.

Immune Escape Strategies in Head and Neck Cancer: Evade, Resist, Inhibit, Recruit.

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) arise from the mucosal lining of the aerodigestive tract and are often associated with alcohol use, tobacco use, and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Over 600,000 new cases of HNC are diagnosed each year, making it the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Historically, treatments have included surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, and while these treatments are still the backbone of current therapy, several immunotherapies have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in HNC. The role of the immune system in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has been explored since the early 20th century, eventually coalescing into the current three-phase model of cancer immunoediting. During each of the three phases-elimination, equilibrium, and escape-cancer cells develop and utilize multiple strategies to either reach or remain in the final phase, escape, at which point the tumor is able to grow and metastasize with little to no detrimental interference from the immune system. In this review, we summarize the many strategies used by HNC to escape the immune system, which include ways to evade immune detection, resist immune cell attacks, inhibit immune cell functions, and recruit pro-tumor immune cells.

Музыкальное искусство России начала ХХ века: Антитезы

The essay examines the transition from the Classical era to the Modern (the turn and the beginning of the XX century, 1890s-1920s) in Russian musical art. It is noted that for this period, the key driving contradiction was embodied in the opposition “the old world – the new world”, based on the dialogue of the ending and the ascending era. The paper gives a brief description of the trends inherent in the Russian musical art of the Classical era, its final phase, which received various expressions (this was reflected in such antitheses as “degradation, degeneracy – the great petrification”, “the golden sunset – the black twilight”). Special attention is paid to the phenomena of the emerging era, i.e., the Modern. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the prevailing trend in the formation of the new world, in addition to the retention and consistent development of established norms, turned out to be a cardinal renewal of the entire system of life views, including the artistic and aesthetic sphere: as for musical technology, qualities such as rigidity, contradiction were put forward; within the framework of semantic aspects, fullness of strength and increased vitality, as well as an optimistic mood were manifested, which would be later associated with the elaboration of heroic imagery and the development of revolutionary heroics.

A novel chiral monolithic nano-column with 50 µm i.d. for the enantioseparation of chiral drugs by nano-liquid chromatography

A novel chiral monolithic nano-column was developed for the enantioseparation of chiral drugs by nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC). The monolithic capillary with 50 µm i.d. was first prepared by an in-situ polymerization using butyl methacrylate (BuMA), ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) and NFMoc-Lysine modified GO nanoparticles. The final monolithic stationary phase was characterized by using FT-IR spectra of synthesized structures, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chromatographic analyses. After characterization, the prepared chiral monolithic column was investigated for the chiral separation of pharmaceutical racemates, including anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ketoprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen, etodolac and flurbiprofen) and β-blockers (e.g. propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol). It was demonstrated that NFMoc-Lysine modified GO nanoparticles incorporated chiral monolith could be successfully developed while this chiral monolith allowed sensitive chiral separation of chiral drugs. The chiral separation could be mostly achieved via the formation of π-π interactions as well as hydrophilic interactions between chiral stationary phase and enantiomers

Text2EL + : Expert Guided Event Log Enrichment using Unstructured Text

Through the application of process mining, business processes can be improved on the basis of process execution data captured in event logs. Naturally, the quality of this data determines the quality of the improvement recommendations. Improving data quality is non-trivial and there is great potential to exploit unstructured text, e.g. from notes, reviews, and comments, for this purpose and to enrich event logs. To this end, this paper introduces Text2EL + a three-phase approach to enrich event logs using unstructured text. In its first phase, events and (case and event) attributes are derived from unstructured text linked to organisational processes. In its second phase, these events and attributes undergo a semantic and contextual validation before their incorporation in the event log. In its third and final phase, recognising the importance of human domain expertise, expert guidance is used to further improve data quality by removing redundant and irrelevant events. Expert input is used to train a Named Entity Recognition (NER) model with customised tags to detect event log elements. The approach applies natural language processing techniques, sentence embeddings, training pipelines and models, as well as contextual and expression validation. Various unstructured clinical notes associated with a healthcare case study were analysed and completeness, concordance, and correctness of the derived event log elements were evaluated through experiments. The results show that the proposed method is feasible and applicable.

Three-dimensional augmentation for hyperspectral image data of water quality: An Integrated approach using machine learning and numerical models

This research introduces a comprehensive methodology to enhance hyperspectral image data (HSD) utility, specifically focusing on the three-dimensional (3-D) augmentation of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). This study comprises three significant steps: (1) the augmentation of limited field water quality data in terms of time interval and number of variables using neural network models, (2) the generation of 3-D data using numerical models, and (3) the extension of the hyperspectral image data into 3-D data using machine learning models. In the first phase, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) models were developed to train water quality interactions and successfully generated high-frequency water quality data by adjusting biased measurements and predicting detailed water quality variables. In the second phase, high-frequency data generated by MLP models were applied to develop two numerical models. These numerical models successfully generated 3-D data, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of integrating numerical modeling with neural networks. In the final phase, ten machine learning models were trained to generate 3-D Chl-a data from HSD. Notably, the Gaussian Process Regression model exhibited superior performance, effectively estimating 3-D Chl-a data with robust accuracy, as evidenced by an R-square value of 0.99. The findings align with theories of algal bloom dynamics, further validating the effectiveness of the approach. This study demonstrated the successful integrated development for HSD extension using machine learning models, numerical models, and original HSD, highlighting the potential of such integrated methodologies in advancing water quality monitoring and estimation. Notably, the approach leverages readily accessible data, allowing for the swift generation of results and bypassing time-consuming data collection processes. This research marks a significant step towards more robust, comprehensive water quality monitoring and prediction, thereby facilitating better management of aquatic ecosystems.