Final Percentage Research Articles

An Approach to Realize Generalized Optimal Motion Primitives Using Physics Informed Neural Networks

Abstract Autonomous manipulation is a challenging problem in field robotics due to uncertainty in object properties, constraints, and coupling phenomenon with robot control systems. Humans learn motion primitives over time to effectively interact with the environment. We postulate that autonomous manipulation can be enabled by basic sets of motion primitives as well, but do not necessitate mimicking human motion primitives. This work presents an approach to generalized optimal motion primitives using physics-informed neural networks. Our simulated and experimental results demonstrate that optimality is notionally maintained where the mean maximum observed final position percent error was 0.564% and the average mean error for all the trajectories was 1.53%. These results indicate that notional generalization is attained using a physics-informed neural network approach that enables near optimal real-time adaptation of primitive motion profiles.

Experimental investigations of chemo-mechanical magneto-rheological finishing of Al-6061 via composite magnetic abrasive

ABSTRACT To achieve flawless soft material surfaces, defects and irregularities must be eliminated. Traditional abrasive-mixing techniques frequently produce surface flaws as a result of abrasive embrittlement, resulting in poor surface-quality. As a result, ensuring an immaculate finish is critical for these surfaces. In contrast, the chemo-mechanical magneto-rheological finishing (CMMRF) process, which employs a composite magnetic abrasive (CMA)-based smart fluid, has proven to be extremely effective at producing nano-finished surfaces. This study used a central-composite-rotatable design (CCRD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) to analyze how CMAs variables, slurry-based parameters, and polishing time affect final surface roughness (R a ) and percentage change in roughness (%∆R a ) for Al-6061. The CMMRF process resulted in a superior Al-surface finish (R a ) of 29 nm and a %∆R a of 91.23%. Statistical models predicted R a and %∆R a values, which matched experimental results. Characterization tests on the final Al-surface revealed significant reduction in initial machining scratches and valleys, resulting in a superior mirror-polished surface via CMA-based polishing.

Mid- to long-term radiological and respiratory outcomes following surgery for older early-onset scoliosis patients with Marfan syndrome

This study aimed to elucidate mid- to long-term radiological and respiratory outcomes in patients aged 7–11 years at index surgery with Marfan syndrome and early-onset scoliosis (EOS) in a retrospective multicenter study. Primary outcomes were final thoracic height and final percentage of predicted vital capacity (%VC) at or after 16 years of age. We identified 21 (6 male and 15 female) patients with a mean age of 9.9 years and mean follow-up period of 149.3 months. Fifteen patients underwent primary fusion, whereas six underwent growth-friendly surgery (GFS). The mean preoperative and final T1–T12 heights were 204.0 mm and 248.0 mm, respectively. Final pulmonary function tests were available for 16 patients, and the mean final %VC was 54.0% with 10 patients exhibiting a final %VC < 60%. A significant moderate association was observed between the final T1–T12 height and final %VC. The predicted final T1–T12 height required for a final %VC of 60% was approximately 260 mm. Although most older patients with Marfan syndrome and EOS acquired a considerably large final T1–T12 height, a larger thoracic height was required for satisfactory respiratory function in many cases; hence, GFS may be indicated even in this population.

COMBUSTION OF HYDROGEN IN OXYGEN-STEAM MIXTURE FOR INCREASING THE STEAM TEMPERATURE OF POWER PLANTS

In the work the problems that arise at combustion of hydrogen in oxygen-steam mixture for the purpose of combustion products (steam) mixing for heating steam, which is planned to be used in steam turbines of power plants were researched. The main problem is the formation of underburning H2 and, accordingly, the presence of O2, which have a negative effect on metals, and it will also prevent steam condensation in the condenser was determined. For solve this problem, calculations of the equilibrium concentrations of chemical reaction products in the combustion zone depending on the amount of ballast steam added to the oxidizer (oxygen) for the initial conditions: T0=528 K, p=0.1 MPa; T0=​​528 K, p=3.1 MPa; T0=​​584 K, p=10 MPa were made. The corresponding adiabatic temperatures were calculated. The dilution of the oxidant (oxygen) with steam significantly decreases the adiabatic temperature (Tb) and reduces the equilibrium concentrations of other substances in the combustion zone, but at the same time the laminar flame propagation velocity (SL) also significantly decreases was established. It is important when a certain concertation of ballast steam is achieved (the final percentage is determined by the design of the burner) there will be a sharp deterioration of combustion or even the formation of a flame will be impossible. The principal design of the hydrogen-oxygen-steam combustion chamber was proposed. The necessity of heating oxygen and hydrogen and the principle of determining the pressure under which it is advisable to supply oxygen and hydrogen to ensure the maximum intensification of mixing first of oxygen and steam, and then of the formed mixture and hydrogen, were substantiated. Bibl. 20, Fig. 5, Table 3.

Digital Physics Module for 21st Century Education on New and Renewable Energy Based on the Dilemma-STEAM Learning Model

Abstract This study aims to develop a Dilemma-STEAM electronic module on renewable energy materials to be used as a physics teaching resource for 10th-grade high school students using the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development model. The Dilemma-STEAM based e-module is a digital physics module based on the Dilemma-STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) model of teaching. In the context of 21st-century education, the application of technology and interdisciplinary approaches is emphasized to prepare students for future challenges. This module is designed to encourage critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity in students through real dilemmas story integrated with STEAM. The product is a digital module design presented through the website, it easily accessible to students using compatible electronic devices. Based on the validation results conducted by experts, an overall percentage of 87.50% was obtained from material experts, 84.44% from media experts, and 89.41% from learning experts. Additionally, the product trial by physics teachers showed a final percentage of 95.63% with an interpretation of “Very Good,” while students who had studied the material on physical quantities and measurements gave a percentage of 87.51% with an interpretation of “Very Good.” From this research, it can be concluded that the Dilemma-STEAM electronic module on renewable energy materials is deemed valid and suitable for use as a physics learning medium for 10th-grade high school students.

Mixing Elemental Sulfur or Chlorothalonil with QoI and DMI Fungicides for Management of Late Leaf Spot of Peanut.

Reduced sensitivity to demethylation inhibitor (DMI) and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides in Nothopassalora personata, the cause of late leaf spot of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) complicates management of this disease in the southeastern U.S. Mixtures with protectant fungicides may help preserve the utility of members of both DMI and QoI fungicide groups for leaf spot management. Field experiments were conducted in Tifton, GA from 2019 to 2021 and in Plains, GA during 2019 and 2020. The primary objective was to determine the effects of mixtures of DMI fungicides, tebuconazole and mefentrifluconazole, and QoI fungicides, azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin, with micronized elemental sulfur on late leaf spot in fields with populations of N. personata with suspected reduced sensitivity to DMI and QoI fungicides. In four of the experiments, the efficacies of elemental sulfur and chlorothalonil as mixing partners were also compared. In most cases, standardized area under the disease progress curve (sAUDPC) and final percent defoliation were less for all DMI and QoI fungicides mixed with sulfur or chlorothalonil than for the respective fungicides alone. In most cases, sAUDPC and final percent defoliation were similar for sulfur and chlorothalonil when mixed with the respective DMI or QoI fungicide. These results indicate that mixtures of DMI or QoI fungicides with either micronized sulfur or chlorothalonil can improve control of late leaf spot compared to the DMI or QoI fungicide alone. These results also indicate that elemental sulfur has potential as an alternative to chlorothalonil in tank mixes where that protectant fungicide is currently being used as a mixing partner to improve leaf spot control.

Polyurethane Foam and Algae-Based Activated Carbon Biocomposites for Oil Spill Remediation.

This study investigates the incorporation of algae-based activated carbon into polyurethane foam to improve a biocomposite for gasoil sorption. The biocomposites were thoroughly analyzed using various techniques to examine the properties of both the blank foam and the algae activated carbon foam with a carbon content of 4.41 mass% and particle diameter of 500 µm. These techniques included Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and density analysis. The TGA analysis revealed that the biocomposites had an impact on the onset temperature (Tonset) of the foams. Higher concentrations of the biocomposites resulted in a decrease in Tonset from approximately 310 °C in the blank foam (PUF0) to 300 °C in the composite (PUF3B). The final residue percentage also decreased from around 20% in PUF0 to 10% in PUF3B. Density analysis showed that the apparent density of the foam increased from 0.016 g/cm3 in the blank foam to 0.020 g/cm3 in the biocomposite (PUF3B), while the real density slightly decreased from 0.092 g/cm3 to 0.076 g/cm3, indicating a reduction in overall porosity from 82.5% to 74.4%. All foams that were modified showed an increase in their ability to absorb gasoil in a PUF/gasoil/water system. The optimized biocomposite (PUF1B), with 1.14 mass% of 500 µm algae carbon, displayed the highest sorption capacity, starting at approximately 50 g/g at 1.5 h and increasing to 53 g/g over 72 h. The analysis of adsorption kinetics revealed that by utilizing adsorption isotherms, particularly the Langmuir isotherm, a more accurate fit to the data was achieved. This allowed for the prediction of the maximum gasoil adsorption capacity. This study aims to further develop, analyze, and utilize biocomposites made from algae-based activated carbon and polyurethane. These materials offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to cleaning up oil spills.

An IMU-based machine learning approach for daily behavior pattern recognition in dairy cows

Technological advancements have revolutionized livestock farming, notably in health monitoring. Traditional methods, which have been criticized for subjectivity and treatment delays, can be replaced with efficient health monitoring systems, thereby reducing costs and workload. Implementing cow behavior recognition allows for effective dairy cow health monitoring. In this research, we propose an integrated system using inertial measurement unit (IMU) devices and machine learning techniques for dairy cow behavior recognition. Six main dairy cow behaviors were studied: lying, standing, walking, drinking, feeding, and ruminating. All behavior types were manually labeled into the IMU data by reviewing the recorded footage. The labeled IMU data underwent four processing steps: selecting different window sizes, feature extraction, feature selection, and normalization. These processed data were then used to build the behavior recognition model. Various model structures, including SVM, Random Forest, and XGBoost, were tested. The top-performing model, XGBoost, with its proposed 58 features achieved an F1-score of 0.87, with specific scores of 0.93 for lying, 0.85 for walking, 0.94 for ruminating, 0.89 for feeding, 0.86 for standing, 0.93 for drinking, and 0.59 for other activities. During our online testing, we observed similar patterns for each healthy cow. The cumulative time spent on each behavior also matched the statistics from previous surveys. Additionally, our backend optimization approach resulted in a final overall percentage error of 1.55 % per day during online testing. In conclusion, our study presents an IMU-based system capable of accurately recognizing dairy cow behavior. Feature design and appropriate models are proposed herein. A functional optimization method was introduced indicating that our system has the potential with applications for estrus detection and other reproductive management practices in the dairy industry.

Improving A2-Level German Syntax And Morphology Via Learningapps.Org: a Web-Based Approach

The rapid change of times made foreign languages necessary in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, including German, which is taught in formal education. German language learning faces challenges due to the difference in grammatical systems between German (inflectional language) and Indonesian (agglutinative language). This difficulty often causes boredom and a lack of enthusiasm for learning. This research aims to create an A2-level German language learning media through Learning app. org-based quizzes. This development study uses the educational design research (EDR) method. The subjects involved in this research are one material expert and one media expert. The data collection methods used were interviews, observations, and questionnaires, and the instrument used was a questionnaire sheet. After the data was collected, it was analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. The results showed that based on validation data provided by material and media experts, the material achieved a validation score of 90%. This indicates that the material is suitable for learning media and falls into the Very Good category. In addition, the validation conducted by Learningapp.org resulted in a final percentage of 92.85%, confirming that Learningapp.org media is suitable for use in the Very Good category. So, Learningapp.org media is ideal for use. This research is expected to help learners expand morphology, building sentences, and improve syntactic understanding interactively.

Analysis and evaluation of in vitro bioaccessibility of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in plant-based milks

Plant-based milks emerge as a healthy and vegan alternative for human diet, but these foodstuffs are susceptible to be contaminated by aflatoxins. A new method based on SPE and HPLC-MS/MS analysis was optimized and validated to test the presence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 analysis in almond, oat, rice and soy commercial milks. Moreover, aflatoxin bioaccessibility was evaluated through an in vitro digestion assay applied to each type of spiked milk. Aflatoxins B1, B2 and G1 were detected in one soy milk sample below the LOQ, fulfilling the limits stablished by the European Legislation. The final bioaccessibility percentages were highly dependent on the type of mycotoxin and sample matrix, the highest and the lowest values were obtained for AFB2 (82%–92%) and AFG1 (15%–30%), whereas AFB1 (28%–50%) and AFG2 (32%–76%) values resulted more influenced by the plant-based milk matrix.

Prospective investigation of calcium score in optical coherence tomography-guided revascularization to identify lesions with low risk for stent under expansion: the CORAL study.

The optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based calcium scoring system was developed to guide optimal lesion preparation strategies for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of calcified lesions. However, the score was derived retrospectively, and a prospective investigation is lacking. The CORAL (UMIN000053266) study was a single-arm, prospective, multicenter study that included patients with calcified lesions with OCT-calcium score of 1-2 to investigate whether these lesions could be optimally treated with a balloon-only preparation strategy using a non-compliant/scoring/cutting balloon. The primary endpoint was strategy success (successful stent placement with a final percent diameter stenosis [%DS] < 20% and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow grade III without crossover to rotational atherectomy/orbital atherectomy/intravascular lithotripsy [RA/OA/IVL]). A superiority analysis for the primary endpoint was performed by comparing the study cohort with a performance goal of 83.3%. One hundred and eighteen patients with 130 lesions were enrolled. The mean age was 79.0 ± 10.3years, and 79 patients (66.9%) were male. The OCT-calcium score was 1 for 81 lesions (62.3%) and 2 for 49 lesions (37.7%). The %DS improved from 47.0 ± 14.8% preprocedure to 11.1 ± 5.6% postprocedure. Stent expansion ≥ 70% was achieved in 90.2%. The strategy success rate was 93.1% (95% confidence interval: 87.3-96.8), and superiority against the performance goal was achieved without any crossover to RA/OA/IVL (P = 0.0027). The OCT-calcium score could identify mild/moderately calcified lesions treatable by PCI with the balloon-first strategy using a non-compliant/scoring/cutting balloon for predilatation, with a high strategy success rate. These results support the intravascular imaging-based treatment algorithm for calcified lesions proposed by CVIT.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA WAYANG ALFABET UNTUK MENGENALKAN KEAKSARAAN AWAL PADA ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN

The development of the alphabet puppet media at Kartini Kindergarten was motivated by students who were still confused about differentiating between letters that had almost the same shape, such as the letters "b" and "d", "p" and "q" and also the letters "m" and "w". ”. The aim of this research is to develop a learning media to introduce early literacy to children aged 4-5 years. This research is research using the Research and Development (R&amp;D) method by following the stages of the ADDIE development model which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The data collection instruments in this research used expert validation, interviews and trials on students. The research results from validation by media experts obtained a final percentage of 97.72%. The results of validation by material experts obtained a final percentage of 100%. Trials on students were carried out twice with 19 student respondents getting a percentage in stage I of 83.18%, and trials in stage II of 92.39%. So it can be concluded that the Alphabet Puppet Media Development that has been developed by researchers is "very feasible" and interesting to use in introducing early literacy to children aged 4-5 years.

Aerobic biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in thermoplastic starch (TPS) blends in soil induced by gelatin

PLA is a biopolymer with great potential for use in agriculture, but its biodegradability in soil is slow. PLA degrading microorganisms exist in soil and their activity can be improved with the addition of proteins. The aim of this work was to study the effect of gelatin addition on the final biodegradation of TPS/PLA blends in soil. After 180 days, the final biodegradation percentages for TPS, GE and PLA were 96%, 79% and 0%, respectively. The extruded blends of TPS/PLA/GE, TPS/PLA and PLA/GE, presented ultimate biodegradability of 63%, 57% and 25% respectively. The biodegradation rate during the initial stages was reduced due to the interaction of the components, without affecting the final values. There was rapid biodegradation of the TPS and gelatin fractions in the materials, while PLA did not undergo any mineralization process in the soil. The inclusion of gelatin in the matrix and in the soil did not increase the biodegradability of the PLA fraction in the extruded, nor in the control blends because the microorganisms present in the inoculum did not assimilate the PLA.

Is pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) a good plant species for ecotoxicological tests?

Various plant species can be selected for environmental testing, including pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br), a globally significant cereal crop. This study aims to assess millet's suitability as a species for ecotoxicological tests, examining (1) germination and initial development dynamics, (2) the minimum seed quantity for reliable sampling, (3) optimal experimental design with replication numbers, (4) suitability of positive control, and (5) the effectiveness of the protocol in evaluating toxic effects of environmental pollutants. Millet exhibited rapid and uniform germination as well as consistent initial seedling development. To establish the minimum number of seeds required for reliable experimentation, germination, and seedling growth were compared across plots containing 10, 25, and 50 seeds. Consequently, 10 seeds per plot were chosen for subsequent experiments to reduce labor and costs while maintaining reliability. To validate the selected experimental design, and to establish a positive control for assays, aluminum was used as a toxic element at concentrations ranging from 10-2 to 10-6 M. While aluminum did not affect the final percentage of germinated seeds, it did exhibit an impact on the Germination Speed Index (GSI). Significant differences in root and aerial growth, and with fresh weight, were observed. The 10-3M concentration was chosen as the positive control as the 10-2 concentration showed extreme toxicity. To assess the applicability of the established protocol in determining the toxic effects of environmental pollutants, millet roots were exposed to the toxic agents atrazine, cadmium, methyl methane sulfonate (MMS), and Spent pot liner (SPL). Millet demonstrated sensitivity and efficiency in response to these tests. In conclusion, millet proves to be an effective species for the toxicological risk assessment of environmental pollutants.

Modelling the controlled drug release of push-pull osmotic pump tablets using DEM

The push-pull osmotic pump tablet is a promising drug delivery approach, offering advantages over traditional dosage forms in achieving consistent and predictable drug release rates. In the current study, the drug release process of push-pull osmotic pump tablets is modelled for the first time using the discrete element method (DEM) incorporated with a microscopic diffusion-induced swelling model. The effects of dosage and formulation design, such as delivery orifice size, drug-to-polymer ratio, tablet surface curvature, friction between particles and cohesion of polymer particles, on the drug release performance are systematically analysed. Numerical results reveal that an enlarged delivery orifice significantly increases both the total drug release and the drug release rate. Moreover, the larger the swellable particle component in the tablet, the higher the drug release rate. Furthermore, the tablet surface curvature is found to affect the drug release profile, i.e. the final drug release percentage increases with the increasing tablet surface curvature. It is also found that the drug release rate could be controlled by adjusting the inter-particle friction and the cohesion of polymer particles in the formulation. This DEM study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms governing drug release in push-pull osmotic pump tablets.

A Randomized Control Trial of Dexketoprofen/Vitamin B (Thiamine, Pyridoxine and Cyanocobalamin) Fixed-Dose Combination in Post-Traumatic Grade I-II Cervical Sprains.

Musculoskeletal disorders are an important cause of work absence. Clinical practice guidelines recommend nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for grade I-II cervical sprains. The combination of thiamine + pyridoxine + cyanocobalamin vitamins has been used, alone and in combination with NSAIDs, for pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the analgesic synergy of dexketoprofen, and the combination of vitamins thiamine + pyridoxine + cyanocobalamin in a fixed-dose combination (FDC) for the treatment of acute pain caused by grade I-II cervical sprains. We conducted a multicentre, prospective, randomized, double-blind, phase IIIb clinical study comparing two treatment groups: (1) dexketoprofen 25 mg/vitamin B (thiamine 100mg, pyridoxine 50mg and cyanocobalamin 0.50mg) in an FDC (two or more active ingredients combined in a single dosage form) versus (2) dexketoprofen 25mg monotherapy (single drug to treat a particular disease), one capsule or tablet orally, every 8h for 7 days. Final mean, average change, and percentage change in pain perception (measured using a visual analogue scale [VAS]) were compared with baseline between groups. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Analyses were conducted using SPSS software, v.29.0. A statistically significant reduction in pain intensity was observed from the third day of treatment with the FDC compared with monotherapy (- 3.1±- 1.5 and - 2.6±- 1.1 cm, respectively) measured using the VAS (p=0.011). Regarding the degree of disability, using the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ), statistical difference was observed for the final measurement (7.5%, interquartile range [IQR] 2.5, 10.5; vs. 7.9%, IQR 5.0, 13.8; p=0.028). A lower proportion of adverse events was reported when using the FDC. The FDC of dexketoprofen/thiamine + pyridoxine + cyanocobalamin vitamins demonstrated superior efficacy and a better safety profile compared with dexketoprofen monotherapy for pain treatment in patients with grade I-II cervical sprains. NCT05001555, registered 29 July 2021 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05001555 ).

Relationship between the physicochemical properties and amylose content of rice starch in rice varieties with the same genetic background

This study analyzed six mutant rice samples from uniform genetic and planting backgrounds with amylose contents ranging from 4.21% to 17.52%. The physicochemical, structural and functional properties of the extracted starches were investigated and their relationships were analyzed. No significant changes were observed in the morphology, granule size, amylopectin chain-length distribution, and crystalline type of rice starches. The average hydrodynamic radius (Rh), relative crystallinity (RC), the ratio of 1045 cm−1/1022 cm−1 (R1045/1022), and lamellar peak intensity (Imax) were significantly correlated with amylose content, impacting the digestion properties. A higher degree of order in starch structure was found to impede its digestion progress by affecting its physicochemical characteristics. The decreased onset temperature and increased gelatinization temperature range indicated increased crystalline structure instability, decreasing peak time and pasting temperature. Furthermore, there were notable reductions in starch digestion rate (k) and rapidly digestible starch content (RDS) as amylose content increased, despite no significant change in the final digestion percentage. The k exhibited a positive correlation with Rh, while there was a positive association between RC, R1045/1022, and Imax with RDS. These findings can provide valuable guidance for rice breeders in developing rice varieties with specific functional attributes.

Abstract PO4-25-11: Inconclusive Her2 by immunohistochemistry compared to in situ hybridization in breast cancer: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer stands as the most common malignancy diagnosed among women worldwide, with the Her2-positive subtype accounting for approximately 15% of the cases. The introduction of HER-targeted therapies has changed the natural history of this subtype, however, evaluating the Her2 status using immunohistochemistry (IHC), can yield inconclusive results in a significant percentage of cases, which requires the use of in situ hybridization techniques. The study of such cases has not been thoroughly explored, particularly in the brazilian population, and increasing interest in this subgroup of patients arises as the "Her2 low" category gathers evidence of clinical applicability. The present study aimed to assess the final Her2 status of samples with indeterminate IHC results and compare these findings with current literature. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the breast unit service of a private health network in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (Rede Mater Dei de Saúde). Breast tissue samples obtained over the past 5 years were analyzed, and specimens with inconclusive IHC results for Her2 were included in the study. Subsequently, the final Her2 status was determined through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test, or reanalysis in cases in which a new sample (surgical specimen) was obtained. Results: Among the initially identified 73 samples with indeterminate IHC results for Her2, a total of 15 patients were excluded due to lack of follow-up within the breast unit service. The final cohort consisted of 58 women aged between 28 and 71 years. Notably, approximately 91% of the patients exhibited positive hormone receptor tumors, whereas 9% displayed negative hormone expression. After reviewing the medical records, approximately 36% of the patients were classified as having a positive final Her2 status, while 62% had a negative final status. One patient had an inconclusive FISH result. Conclusion: The present study revealed that approximately 10% of the breast tissue samples included in the study yielded inconclusive results for Her2 by immunohistochemistry. Following FISH testing, the majority of these patients were reclassified into the negative final Her2 status category. The classification of most patients to what is known as the emerging "Her2 low" category, aligns with international publications, and highlights the clinical relevance of exploring this subset of breast cancer that gains relevance as advances provide prospects for targeted therapies. Table 1. Summarized results for the final Her2 status Absolute and percentage values for the final HER2 status in the study cohort Citation Format: Felipe Marcondes de Oliveira Coelho, Renata Capanema Saliba Franco, Enaldo Melo de Lima, Marco Antonio Dias, Anna Dias Salvador, Waldeir José de Almeida Junior, Julia Wanderley Rennó, José Tadeu Campos de Avelar. Inconclusive Her2 by immunohistochemistry compared to in situ hybridization in breast cancer: a cross-sectional study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO4-25-11.

Development of Interactive Multimedia on Electron Configuration Concept

Interactive multimedia has an important role in the learning process. The interactive multimedia presented the learning material in various forms and supported students’ understanding of those who have different learning styles. To help students understand the topic and to facilitate students’ learning style the PeT-EFig is developed. PeT-EFig (periodic table and electron configuration) as interactive multimedia which supported students’ understanding of electron configuration concepts. The objectives of this study were a) to determine the feasibility of PeT-EFig, and b) to determine the response of chemistry teachers and students of PeT-EFig as interactive multimedia. The research method used is research and development (RD) using the ADDIE model with five stages: analysis, design, and development stages. However, the research was only conducted up to the development stage due to time constraints. Based on the result, PeT-EFig is considered very suitable by the experts with 96 and 95% respectively. Likewise, teachers at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak who teach chemistry subjects, stated that they strongly approved PeT-EFig as interactive multimedia on electron configuration 96%. Additionally, students also provided very positive feedback on the PeT-EFig through a small-scale trial involving 15 students with an average percentage of 87% for each aspect. Similarly, when a large-scale trial with 40 students, the final percentage score for each aspect was found to be 87%. The result indicated that the PeT-EFig could assist teachers in delivering the concepts and help students understand the electron configuration and atomic structure

Cetacean integration measures in MPA management plans in America

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are key strategies for marine conservation that strive to protect biological diversity and ensure the sustainable use of marine resources. Due to their wide distribution and mobility, cetaceans are exposed to numerous threats. Well-managed MPAs are one of the most effective tools in managing these threats to conserve cetaceans. This study aimed to analyze and compare the existing management approaches toward cetaceans from selected MPAs in the American continent. The purpose was to assess their primary failures and advances. To achieve this, ten MPAs that include at least one cetacean species as a focal conservation target were selected from 10 different countries: five in the Atlantic Ocean and five in the Pacific Ocean. The Marine Mammals Management Self-Assessment Toolkit was used to evaluate the integration of cetaceans in MPA management plans. This toolkit assigns scores to several subjects that are categorized into four themes: 1) Management Frameworks, 2) Addressing Activities and Threats, 3) Research and Monitoring, 4) Outreach and Engagement. Thereafter, a final percentage was obtained for each MPA. The Marine Mammal Sanctuary Bancos de la Plata y la Navidad in the Dominican Republic achieved the highest score. This MPA presented a specific plan to conserve marine mammals that includes zoning of environmentally sensitive areas and considers the threats and activities affecting marine mammals. The five MPAs with the lowest scores were from South America, with Cabo Polonio National Park (Uruguay) being the lowest, as its management plan does not include measures focused on cetaceans. In addition, a lack of monitoring in MPAs results in an absence of information on their impact on marine mammals. Addressing this shortcoming is of utmost importance for informing future MPA planning strategies. To conclude, this study highlights the importance of incorporating mitigation measures targeting priority species and underscores governance structures to regulate anthropogenic threats through robust legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms.