Final Ones Research Articles

Diagnosing Saudi Students' English Consonant Pronunciation Errors

Diagnosing the pronunciation difficulties second language (L2) learners encounter assists in identifying their training needs. Since a clearer profile of Arab students' English pronunciation difficulties is yet to be reached, this study tried to identify which English consonant sounds and clusters Saudi English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) students have difficulty in pronouncing, and examine how students' language proficiency levels may influence their English consonant pronunciation performance. Forty Saudi female university students with two different English proficiency levels (lower-intermediate versus intermediate) took part in the study (20 students in each group). They completed a 4-section productive pronunciation test diagnosing their errors in pronouncing problematic consonant sounds and clusters in varied word positions. The data analysis showed that the participants' highest error percentages were in pronouncing: /ʒ/, /ŋ/, /p/, /ɹ/ and/ʧ/; /t/ and /d/ of the regular past morpheme -ed; and the 4- and 3-consonant clusters. It was also found that the lower-intermediate level students made more errors than the intermediate ones in pronouncing the majority of the consonant sounds and clusters, and that the variance between their errors is generally higher in the word-initial positions than the word-medial and -final ones. The study indicates that the consonants in the word-initial and -final positions are likely to cause more pronunciations difficulties than the ones in the word-medial position.

Patterns of English Consonant Clusters in E. M. Forster’s ‘‘The Road From Colonus’’

A consonant cluster (henceforth CC) is a combination of two or more consonants without a vowel between them. There can be initial, medial and final CCs. Additionally, there are initial CCs with medial or final ones, and medial CCs with final ones. To the best knowledge of the researcher, patterns of English consonant clusters in Forster’s ‘The Road from Colonus’’ has not been handled previously.The present study aims at analyzing CCs in such a short story and finding out patterns of such clusters. Those consonant sequences are statistically investigated in order to show their most prominent patterns and their frequency. Accordingly, it can be hypothesised that medial patterns of CCs are more prominent and commonly used than initial and final ones whereas the frequency of final patterns of CCs is higher than that of initial and medial ones. The results of analyzing CCs in the short story under investigation indicate that there are (31) patterns of two and three – initial CCs whose frequency is (335), (79) patterns of two, three and four – final CCs which are repeated (552) times and (122) patterns of two and three– medial CCs whose frequency is (355). Such results lead to the conclusions that medial patterns of CCs are more than initial and final ones but the frequency of the patterns of final CCs exceeds that of initial and medial ones.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of simultaneously explosively-welded Steel/Cu pipes and Al/Cu pipe/rod

Through an unique manufacturing process which we call it “the Russian-doll-like experimental arrangement”, Steel/Cu pipes and Al/Cu pipe/rod are simultaneously explosively welded in a single experiment. After that, optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), longitudinal compression, transversal compression and compression-shear tests are conducted to analyze samples’ microstructure and mechanical properties. Results show that bonding interfaces of Al/Cu and Steel/Cu couples change from unstable ones, via regular/wavy ones, to final flat ones along the detonation direction. AlCu and Al2Cu are identified around the Al/Cu interface via EDS analysis, and atomic ratios of steel and copper around the Steel/Cu interface varies from 47/53 to 75/25. Samples’ yield strength/strain in longitudinal compression and transversal compression for Al/Cu couple are respectively 340 MPa/4.8% and 120 MPa/4.5%. Steel/Cu specimens’ yield strength/strain in longitudinal compression and compressive strength/failure strain in transversal compression are 598 MPa/5.8% and 90.97 MPa/21.0%, respectively.

О ПРИМЕНЕНИИ ГЕОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ЛИТОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ДИАГРАММ ПРИ ИЗУЧЕНИИ ТЕФРОГЕННЫХ ПЕСЧАНИКОВ

Актуальность. Диаграммы, позволяющие на основе литохимических особенностей кластолитов предполагать геодинамическую позицию седиментационных бассейнов, используются уже на протяжении многих десятилетий. Вместе с тем возможность их применения для изучения тефрогенных песчаников остается неясной, а результаты противоречивыми. Цель исследования состоит в сравнительном анализе положения на наиболее часто применяемых диаграммах точек, отвечающих составу двух групп пород – тефрогенным песчаникам и вулканитам их источника сноса. Объектами исследования являются тефрогенные граувакки улутауской свиты и вулканиты (от риолитов до базальтов) урлядинской толщи Магнитогорской мегазоны Южного Урала. Улутауская свита относится к живетскому и нижней части франского яруса. Слагающие ее граувакки являются тефрогенными турбидитами и дебритами, сформированными в глубоководной впадине, расположенной у подножия энсиматической Магнитогорской островной дуги. В современном эрозионном срезе осевой зоне островной дуги соответствуют вулканиты урлядинской толщи. Методы. В основу сопоставления положены результаты силикатного анализа граувакк улутауской свиты (202 образца) и вулканитов урлядинской толщи (202 образца). Сравнение проведено на основе диаграмм Мейнарда, Бхатии, Розера–Корша и Верма–Армстронга-Алтрина. Результаты. Анализ диаграмм показал, что более реалистичные результаты дает применение основных вулканокластических граувакк (SiO2<63 %). Исключением в данном случае является диаграмма (Fe2O3+MgO)–TiO2: большинство точек оказалось за пределами каких-либо полей. Точки, отвечающие составу кислых разностей граувакк (SiO2>63 %), попадают на многих диаграммах в поля энсиалических островных дуг, окраин андского типа и пассивных континентальных окраин. Наилучшие результаты для кислых разностей были получены при использовании диаграммы DF1–DF2 и модифицированной диаграммы М. Бхатии Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O)–K2O/Na2O. Поля граувакк на большинстве построенных диаграмм совпадают с полями вулканитов и являются по сравнению с ними более компактными, что вызвано смешанным составом песчаников и низкой эксплозивностью базальтовых расплавов. Полученные результаты во многом не согласуются с результатами аналогичных исследований. Следовательно, выводы, получаемые при построении литохимических геодинамических диаграмм, не могут считаться окончательными и должны дополняться другими методами.

Phonological Fossilisation of EFL Learners: The Interference of Phonological and Orthographic System of L1 Javanese

This paper discusses the interference of phonological and orthographic systems of the mother tongue on phonological fossilisation of English on Foreign Language learners in Javanese contexts. 25 fourth-semester university students were selected as respondents. The data were collected by means of pre-test and post-test on pronouncing isolated words, continuous speeches, and reading aloud on manipulated short text. Contrastive analysis reveals that the phonological fossilisation among Javanese students commonly occurred in continuous speech rather than isolated words when they pronounced vowels /ae/, /ɪ/, /ə/, /ʌ/, /i:/ in initial and middle position; diphthongs /əʊ/, /eɪ/, /aʊ/ in initial and middle; as well as consonants /dʒ/, /ʧ/, /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/, /v/, /ʒ/, /z/, /k/, /t/ in initial, middle and final ones. The students tended to omit ‘/θ/’,‘/d/ and /t/’in final position, ‘consonant clusters in initial, mid, final position’, and /j/ after plosive bilabial’. Those phonological fossilisations were due to the interference of the phonological and orthographic systems of their mother tongue. Keywords : EFL learners; interference; fossilisation; phonological system; orthographic system

ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗВИТКУ САМОРЕГУЛЯЦІЇ СИТУАТИВНОЇ ТРИВОЖНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ПСИХОЛОГІВ

У статті розкрито проблему технологічного забезпечення ситуативної тривожності майбутніх практичних психологів. Визначено, що під технологією розвитку саморегуляції ситуативної тривожності майбутніх психологів розуміємо комплексну систему технологічних процедур, що спрямована на зниження рівня прояву ситуативної тривожності. Сформульовано мету, принципи технології. Обґрунтовано, що теорія поетапного формування розумових дій (О. Леонтьєв, П. Гальперін, Д. Ельконін, Н. Тализіна та ін.) і принцип соціального генезу вищих психічних функцій (Л. Виготський) є методологічною основою розробки технології саморегуляції ситуативної тривожності майбутніх психологів. Установлено основні етапи технології: діагностичний, підготовчий, основний, підсумковий (контрольний). Визначено мету кожного з етапів: (діагностичний етап – виявлення рівня прояву ситуативної тривожності щодо проведення формувального етапу технології; підготовчий етап – активізація студентів, надання інформації про методи саморегуляції ситуативної тривожності; усвідомлення студентами необхідності зниження ситуативної тривожності; основний етап – зовнішня регуляції довільної дії щодо застосування методів саморегуляції ситуативної тривожності: за допомогою викладача; самостійно, коли вправляння супроводжується значним вольовим зусиллям і почуттям упевненості; довільна регуляція дій у процесі застосування методів саморегуляції ситуативної тривожності; підсумковий (контрольний) етап – повторне визначення рівня прояву ситуативної тривожності щодо виявлення ефективності технології). Розроблено технологічну карту механізму розвитку саморегуляції ситуативної тривожності майбутніх психологів, де, окрім мети, визначено засоби й очікуваний результат на кожному етапі реалізації технології. Послідовно розкрито суть кожного з етапів. Очікується, що в процесі послідовної реалізації кожного з етапів сформуються навички саморегуляції ситуативної тривожності та ефективні патерни поведінки в ситуаціях, які можуть викликати тривожність майбутніх психологів.

Використання інтегральних вправ у фізичній підготовці спортсменів-айкідістів

Мета: узагальнити методику використання інтегральних вправ для розвитку фізичних якостей айкідістів на етапі початкової підготовки. Матеріал: у дослідженні прийняли участь юні айкідісти 11-13 років групи початкової підготовки, які займалися в спортивно-юнацькому клубі при херсонській обласній федерації з айкідо. Всі тести, що використовувались в дослідженні були розподілені на дві групи. Тести для визначення загальної фізичної підготовленості були спрямовані на прояв юними спортсменами швидкісно-силових здібностей, спритності, сили та гнучкості. Тести для визначення спеціальної фізичної підготовленості юних айкідістів були спрямовані на прояв спеціальної координаційної підготовленості, швидкість та силу верхнього плечового поясу, спеціальної витривалості та сили нижніх кінцівок. Результати: методика тренування складалась з різних комплексів інтегральних вправ, які застосовувались, як в підготовчій частині тренування так і в основній та заключній. Абсолютно за всіма тестами, що визначають загальну фізичну підготовленість рівень приросту середніх результатів знаходиться в межах від 5 % до 35%. При чому найбільші зміни зафіксовані в показниках тесту нахил вперед з положення сидячи - 35,1 %, а найменші за стрибок у довжину з місця - 4,8%. Висновки: правильне та раціональне використання різноманітних засобів та методів розвитку фізичних якостей дозволяє ефективно впливати на рівень фізичної підготовленості юних айкідістів і дає можливість досягти їм максимально високого рівня майстерності. В сучасному айкідо лише тільки раціональне поєднання всіх сторін підготовленості дасть змогу досягти значних результатів. Перспективним напрямком подальшого дослідження є синтез фізичної та технічної підготовки юних акідістів під час використання вправ інтегрального характеру

Wrinkling analysis for small solar-photon sails: An experimental and analytic approach for trajectory design

A good model of solar-radiation pressure induced thrust is one of the key points in sailcraft trajectory design. The sail membrane’s local topographic deformations, i.e. wrinkles and creases, are among the main aspects that such a model should include. We have analyzed the influence of wrinkles/creases, as a whole, by measuring the related deformations on small samples of sail membrane, 2.5 μm thick, consisting of CP1 and physical-vapor-deposition Aluminum. Experimental outcomes from our laboratory facility have been processed, statistically investigated, and inserted into the lightness vector formalism. We have used such formalism for accurate sailcraft trajectory computation via a non-ideal reflection sail thrust model. Finally, we computed the deviations of wrinkled-sail sailcraft final orbital states with respect to the no-wrinkle sail final orbital ones for a circular to circular 2D inward transfer. The radii of the orbits are 1 AU and the semi-major axis of Mercury, respectively. It appears that sail wrinkles and creases are no longer negligible in the sailcraft trajectory design.

Neighbor Similarity Based Agglomerative Method for Community Detection in Networks

Community structures can reveal organizations and functional properties of complex networks; hence, detecting communities from networks is of great importance. With the surge of large networks in recent years, the efficiency of community detection is demanded critically. Therefore, many local methods have emerged. In this paper, we propose a node similarity based community detection method, which is also a local one consisted of two phases. In the first phase, we first take out the node with the largest degree from the network to take it as an exemplar of the first community and insert its most similar neighbor node into the community as well. Then, the one with the largest degree in the remainder nodes is selected; if its most similar neighbor has not been classified into any community yet, we create a new community for the selected node and its most similar neighbor. Otherwise, if its most similar neighbor has been classified into a certain community, we insert the selected node into the community to which its most similar neighbor belongs. This procedure is repeated until every node in the network is assigned to a community; at that time, we obtain a series of preliminary communities. However, some of them might be too small or too sparse; edges connecting to outside of them might go beyond the ones inside them. Keeping them as the final ones will lead to a low‐quality community structure. Therefore, we merge some of them in an efficient approach in the second phase to improve the quality of the resulting community structure. To testify the performance of our proposed method, extensive experiments are performed on both some artificial networks and some real‐world networks. The results show that the proposed method can detect high‐quality community structures from networks steadily and efficiently and outperform the comparison algorithms significantly.

Developing and Validating the Lecture Evaluation for Enhancing Teaching Competency

본 연구는 수업개선을 위한 실제적 정보를 제공함으로써 강의역량 증진을 가능하게 하는 대학 강의평가 문항을 개발 및 내용타당도 검증을 목적으로 한다. 대학 강의평가 문항개발 및 강의역량 관련 선행연구 검토를 통해 수업단계에 따른 예비문항 10개를 개발하였다. A대학 학생 142명과 교수 101명이 참여한 1차 설문조사 및 초점집단면접을 통해 예비문항에 대한 전반적 검토의견을 수렴하였다. 수정된 예비문항의 타당도 확보를 위해 A대학 교수 61명이 참여한 2차 설문을 실시하고, 해당 대학 교육 관련 보직 교수 5명으로 구성된 전문가 집단의 검토를 통해 수업계획 역량 3문항(강의구성, 수업계획서, 강의준비), 수업실행 역량 5문항(상호작용, 효과적 설명, 강의자료, 교육내용 및 수준, 형성적 강의개선), 수업평가 역량 2문항(평가방법, 평가피드백) 등 최종 10개 문항이 확정되었다.The purpose of this study is to develop reliable and valid learner-centered and instructor controllable teaching competency-based college lecture evaluation questionnaire. Literature review regarding college lecture evaluation questionnaire development and teaching competency were done to develop 10 preliminary items based on the timing of lectures. The first survey with 142 students and 101 professors within A University and focus group interview were carried out to collect overall opinions about preliminary items. The second survey with 61 professors and review the 5 professors in A university taking charge of educational support were performed to secure validity of corrected items and help development of final ones. 10 final items consisted of lecture composition, syllabus, lecture preparation, interaction, effective explanation, lecture material, education content and level, improvement of formative lecture, evaluation method, and evaluation feedback were developed. This study emphasized the distinction between course and instructor within the lecture evaluation, composition of teaching competency related items, the use of measurable action verb, a statement of student-friendly terms to provide practical information for improvement of lectures and to increase validity ad reliability of lecture evaluation. Opinions of students who participate in lecture evaluation, were used to reduce measurement errors of lecture evaluation response process. Opinions of professors, those that were to be evaluated, were used to raise practicability and validity of lecture evaluation. The questionnaires developed provides significant implications for diagnosing teaching competency as the element of teaching portfolio and the data for consulting lectures.

Phonocadencies in Epic Genres: Toyuk and Olonkho

This article deals with structurally-phonomorphological and typical acoustic phonocadency in Yakut toyuk and olonkho, performed by outstanding artists of folklore and professional storytelling S.A. Zverev and G.G. Kolesov. Experimentally-linguistic analysis was carried out with computer program “Speech Analyzer”. Phonocadency as a structural part of epic chant has been specific acoustic complex of components of intonation (quantitativeness, tonality and dynamic indicators). It has three kinds of realization in toyuk, olonkho and algys: initial, medial and final in melodic axis. Most often it functions as a phonoproclitic-enclitic component with various vocal modulations in a form of vibrato and kylyhaakh (throaty signs of chant). Initial and medial phonocadencies are less quantitative than final ones. In general, these acoustic indicators serve as more plangent exclamation in epic chants. Factual and relative phonetic characteristics of phonoproclitics, phonomedial and phonoenclitics of S.A. Zverev’s toyuks have typological commonality with epic pieces of art (olonkho, algys) and are etiquette and universal signs, which symbolize the core of Yakut musical culture of oral traditions. Initial and final phonocadencies of Nyurgun Bootur’s songs from Oyunsky’s olonkho are expressed by generating physiological vibrato and various vocal modulations. They demonstrate strength and frequency of vocal timbre and also they reveal epic image of a hero.

Применение компетентностной модели в подготовке будущих педагогов-дефектологов

The study discusses several issues of training special educators (defectologists) through the competency-based model. The authors determine professional skills that should be developed among future defectologists. The research presents the characteristics of a special educator (defectologist) who is able to provide successfully the remedial and speech-therapy activities. Multi-level education of students majoring in Defectology is demonstrated by a case study of North-Eastern Federal University. The research highlights the role of the Special (Defectology) Education Department in training educators to implement special and inclusive education in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The emphasis is placed on the importance of the regional component in teaching future defectologists that is explained by the need to develop remedial skills among the students in the context of bilingualism. The paper describes three components of the competency-based model: preliminary (integrated career guidance for high school students and college graduate students), basic (practice-focused training of university students), and final ones (professional and personal fulfillment of young experts).

Apparent exceptions to final devoicing in High Prussian: A metrical analysis

High Prussian, a variety of East Central German, has a segmentally opaque process of final devoicing: Only some forms with underlyingly voiced obstruents devoice at the end of a word. This phenomenon can also be observed in some morphological alternations where simplex forms show final devoicing but complex ones do not. This paper provides a metrical analysis of final devoicing and two related phenomena: spirantization, and an interaction of vowel length in high vowels and obstruent voicing. It is claimed that nondevoicing items contain disyllabic foot templates and that word-final consonants are then syllabified as onsets of empty-headed word-final syllables. The analysis demonstrates how evidence from West Germanic dialects can contribute to our understanding of the phonology of laryngeal features and to the role that metrical structure can play in shaping phonological alternations.*

Analiza procesu wytłaczania wspornika samochodowego

The paper deals with the drawing process of automotive fixing plates realized in progressive tools. Numerical analyses by means of FEM were done for chosen parts of the process. The distributions of effective stress, strain and load parameters were analyzed for realization of real process in practice. Good convergence between numerical results and final parts ones confirms very high applicability of FEM tools in these kinds of processes calculations.

Syntax from and for discourse II: More on complex sentences as meso-constructions

Abstract This paper presents a direct continuation of preceding corpus-linguistic research on complex sentence constructions with temporal adverbial clauses in a cognitive and usage-based framework (Diessel 2008; Hampe 2015). Working towards a more systematic construction-based account of complex sentences with before-, after-, until- and once-clauses in spontaneously spoken English, Hampe (2015) hypothesised that the morpho-syntactic realisations of configurations with initial adverbial clauses systematically diverge from those of configurations with final ones as a reflection of the specific functionality of each and that usage properties that are found across instantiations with a coherent functional load are retained in the schematisations creating constructions. This paper employs a multinomial regression in order to test to which extent each of eight closely related complex-sentence constructions with either initial or final before-, after-, until- and once-clauses can be predicted from the realisation of a few key morpho-syntactic properties of the respective adverbial and matrix clauses involved. The results support an analysis of complex-sentence constructions as meso-constructions that are not only specific about the subordinator and the positioning of the adverbial clause, but also retain “traces” of characteristic usage properties.

Evaluation of Low-Cost Sensors for Ambient PM2.5 Monitoring

Low-cost sensors are an opportunity to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of particulate matter data. However, such sensors should be calibrated under conditions close to the final ones before any monitoring actions. The paper presents the results of a collocated comparison of four models of low-cost optical sensors with a TEOM 1400a analyser. SDS011 (Nova Fitness), ZH03A (Winsen), PMS7003 (Plantower), and OPC-N2 (Alphasense) sensors were used in this research. Three copies of each sensor model were placed in a common box to compare the sensor performance under the same measurement conditions. Monitoring of the PM2.5 fraction was conducted for almost half a year from 21 August 2017 to 19 February 2018 in Wrocław (Poland). Reproducibility between sensor units was assessed on the basis of coefficient of variation (CV). CV values were lower than 7% in the case of SDS011 and PMS7003 sensors and equal to 20% for OPC-N2 units. CV was higher than 50% for ZH03A, mainly due to malfunctions. During the measurements, the trends of outputs from sensors were generally similar to TEOM data, but significant overestimation of PM2.5 concentrations was observed for the sensor raw data. A high linear relationship between TEOM and sensors was noticed for 1 min, 15 min, and 1-hour averaged data for PMS7003 sensors (R2≈0.83–0.89), for SDS011 units (R2≈0.79–0.86), and for one unit of ZH03A (R2≈0.74–0.81). R2 values for daily averages were at the level 0.91–0.93 for PMS7003, 0.87–0.90 for SDS011, and 0.89 for ZH03A. OPC-N2 had only a moderate linear relationship with TEOM (R2≈0.53–0.69 for daily data and 0.43–0.61 for shorter time averages). Quite large dispersion of data and high relative errors of PM2.5 estimation were observed for concentration ranges below 20–30 μg/m3. The impact of high relative humidity level was observed for SDS011 and OPC-N2 devices—clear overestimation of outputs was observed above 80% RH.

Experimental research on the effects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the instructive-educational process

Abstract This research aims to highlight the efficacy of the use of Information and Communication Technology as a didactic teaching, learning and evaluation method for improving the instructionaleducational process within the tourism high school. Our research, which took place in 12 high schools with classes in Tourism and Nutrition in the County of Constanta between 2013 and 2016, was based on two variables: the independent variable - represented by the continuous, systematic use of ICT methods in teaching and learning content at the disciplines included in the curriculum Tourism and Nutrition at different levels of study and the dependent variable - which depends and changes according to the independent variable: the specific skills, the degree of understanding and assimilation of the specialized contents. In this article we will present the experimental phase in which the actual research was carried out on two parallel groups of subjects: an experimental group (where ICT methods were used - the coordinating teachers created virtual classes on the educational platform www.easyclass.com) and a control group (in which classical didactic methods were used) and the postexperimental phase in which tests of knowledge assessment were applied to both the experimental classes and the control classes. The post-experimental step allowed the measurement of the dependent variable in the two samples of subjects, experimental and control, and the comparison of the initial data with the final ones. For this purpose, tests for assessing the knowledge acquired by the pupils in the experimental and control classes as a result of each unit of learning included in the content sample were applied. These tests were created depending on the specific and derived competences of each unit of learning, following the extent of their development at the pupils in the two samples.

Calcium phosphates grown on bacterial cellulose template

Bacterial cellulose membranes were employed as templates for calcium phosphates deposition by successive immersion in solutions of Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and (NH4)2HPO4, under ultrasonication. During the wet chemical reaction, mineral phases were loaded on bacterial cellulose fibrils, leading to precursor hybrid composites. These were subjected to a lyophilisation procedure in order to preserve the 3D porous aspect and afterwards to a thermal treatment with the aim of removing the polymeric phase and generating well crystallized structures. Different types of morphologies were achieved by varying the heating rate, as well as the calcination temperature and period. The as-prepared samples and the final ones were investigated from compositional and structural point of view through X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and morphologically concerning by scanning electron microscopy. The magnetic properties were also evaluated in order to demonstrate the suitability of the obtained materials for the development of magnetic scaffolds dedicated to hard tissue applications.

Ignoring Ecosystem-Service Cascades Undermines Policy for Multifunctional Agricultural Landscapes

Over and above food, agricultural landscapes provide citizens with crucial public-good ecosystem services, such as biodiversity conservation, cultural values, recreational opportunities and food security. Because continuing agricultural intensification undermines the ability of landscapes to provide public goods, policies have been implemented to preserve landscape multifunctionality, but with limited success. We suggest that one reason for this lack of success is that the cascading nature of ecosystem services has not been sufficiently addressed. While different definitions of multifunctionality emphasize different parts of the service cascades, we argue that efficient policies targeting multifunctionality simultaneously need to consider ecosystem services along the entire cascade, i.e. both intermediate and final ones. By understanding how multiple final ecosystem services are promoted by single measures with effects on multiple intermediate ecosystem services or by single intermediate ecosystem services with effects on multiple final ecosystem services, measures can be identified that simultaneously benefit private and public goods, allowing the latter to hitchhike on management for the former. Even if such synergistic solutions are less efficient in terms of promoting yields compared to non-synergistic solutions, policies such as payment for ecosystem services to promote them may be cost-efficient since the private benefit reduces the need for public payment. Furthermore, by focusing on the ecosystem service cascade, social-ecological scale-mismatches along the cascade hampering the implementation of synergistic solutions can be identified and targeted by policy. We exemplify our reasoning with the potential benefit to biodiversity conservation from yield-enhancing ecosystem services.

Exact dynamics following an interaction quench in a one-dimensional anyonic gas

We study the nonequilibrium quench dynamics of a one-dimensional anyonic gas. We focus on the integrable anyonic Lieb-Liniger model and consider the quench from noninteracting to hard-core anyons. We study the dynamics of the local properties of the system. By means of integrability-based methods, we compute analytically the one-body density matrix and the density-density correlation function at all times after the quench and in particular at infinite time. Our results show that the system evolves from an initial state where the local momentum distribution function is nonsymmetric to a steady state where it becomes symmetric. Furthermore, while the initial momentum distribution functions (and the equilibrium ones) explicitly depend on the anyonic parameter, the final ones do not. This is reminiscent of the dynamical fermionization observed in the context of free expansions after release from a confining trap.