Final Interview Research Articles

Peer Support Groups Integrated with Trauma-Sensitive Yoga for Women Survivors of Sexual Violence: A Feasibility Study and Qualitative Examination.

Trauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga (TCTSY) is an evidence-based yoga protocol and approach used for somatic trauma care. Seven women participated in a 12-week TCTSY-integrated peer support group for sexual violence survivors at a community rape crisis center. Three semi-structured interviews were conducted: interview 1 at 1-2 months post-group, interview 2 at 8-9 months post-group, and interview 3 at 24-33 months post-group. Thematic analysis was conducted following Clandinin and Connelly's three-dimensional space approach. Participants described themes related to improvements in trauma symptoms, mind-body connection, present-centered awareness, self-regulation, and relationships with self and others. Changes were sustained at the final interview. TCTSY-integrated peer support groups appeared feasible and acceptable to women victim-survivors of sexual violence.

The Moderating Role of Organizational Structure Between Quality Management Systems and Organizational Resilience

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Purpose:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> To realize the benefits a Quality Management System (QMS), an organization needs to effectively implement its principles. This includes embracing these principles within an enabling environment. Hence, organizational structure is a critical success factor for adopting quality management systems. </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">This paper aims at understanding how the organizational structure impacts ISO 9001 QMS implementation and vise versa, besides exploring how quality management initiatives affect organizational resilience through parts.</span> <span lang="EN-US">Design/methodology/approach: The research deploys a qualitative methodology, with an outsider-insider approach. 32 semi-structured interviews were conducted, plus one final reflective interview. Interview questions dealt with structural constructs: communication, employee engagement, employee empowerment, process/routine-orientation, multidisciplinarity, cross-functionality, expertise-utilization and change-readiness. The questions also dealt with how the organizational structure impacted ISO 9001 implementation and vice versa. <strong>Findings: </strong>The results show that ISO 9001 implementation was more successful and fruitful under process-orientation and to some degree under semi-process orientation, while it looked inconsistent under routine-orientation. This indicates a significant role played by the organizational structure when it comes to ISO 9001 implementation. More importantly, the results also demonstrate that ISO 9001 implementation managed to improve organizational resilience by consistently driving the organizational structure toward higher levels of process-orientation for process-oriented units, whereas it failed to realize such impact for routine-oriented units. <strong>Originality/value:</strong> This study is unique as it is the first - within the reviewed literature - to examine the moderating role of the organizational structure between the ISO 9001 standard and organizational resilience. It draws a roadmap for the successful realization of organizational resilience through quality management systems, considering organizational structure constructs.</span></span></p>

Practicalities of promoting practice-based learning in end of life care for care home staff: Lessons from "online" supportive conversations and reflection sessions.

Deaths in care homes and "at home" are anticipated to account for a third of UK deaths by 2040. Currently, palliative and end of life care are not part of statutory training in care homes. Reflective practice is a tool that can facilitate practice-based learning and support. Following a feasibly study to test "online" supportive conversations and reflection sessions (OSCaRS) to support care home staff in relation to death/dying during the first months of the COVID pandemic, a one-year practice development follow-up project was undertaken with the aim to create a team of NHS/specialist palliative care (SPC)-based facilitators to lead and support OSCaRS provision in up to 50 care homes in one region in Scotland-the focus of this paper. Forty care home managers attended an on-line session explaining the project, with a similar session held for 19 NHS/SPC-based nurses external to care homes. Those interested in facilitating OSCaRS then attended three education sessions. records of all activities; reflective notes on OSCaRS organised/delivered; a summary of each OSCaRS reflection/learning points; final interviews with NHS/SPC trainee facilitators. A total of 19 NHS/SPC facilitators delivered one or more OSCaRS in 22 participating care homes. However, as of January 2022 only six trained facilitators remained active. Out of the 158 OSCaRS arranged, 96 took place with a total of 262 staff attending. There were three important aspects that emerged: the role, remit, and resources of NHS/SPC supporting OSCaRS; requirements within care homes for establishing OSCaRS; and, the practice-based learning topics discussed at each OSCaRS. Attempts to establish a team of NHS/SPC facilitators to lead OSCaRS highlights that end of life care education in care homes does not clearly fall within the contractual remit of either group or risks being missed due to more pressing priorities.

Адаптація як складова процесу онбордингу персоналу

The purpose of the article is to define the differences between the concepts of «onboarding» and «adaptation», the tasks and methods of onboarding, as well as to define the concept of onboarding as a process that ensures the effective adaptation of new employees. Nowadays, modern business is impossible without human resources. The labor market, acquaintances, interviews – all this facilitates the rapid search for new employees who can take a certain place in the organization. But can a new employee quickly adapt to a new environment and start performing tasks without financial losses for the organization during the adaptation period of the employee himself/herself? Experience shows that some employees who are on probation or have just started working cannot agree to the conditions and resign only because of difficulties in the process of adapting to the new environment. That is why both small organizations and large companies should pay attention to the importance and role of onboarding in retaining new employees for a long period of time. Some HR specialists and part of the scientific community equate onboarding with adaptation. We have identified the differences between these concepts, because, in our opinion, adaptation is a component of the staff onboarding process. The processes associated with onboarding are preboarding, offboarding, and crossboarding. The period when after the final interview and before the «newcomer» begins to perform functional duties is called preboarding. If the onboarding process still fails at the enterprise, the HR team prepares for the offboarding (dismissal) process. And if new opportunities open up for the «newcomer», then the process of crossboarding is irreversible, which ensures the successful adaptation of the employee in a new position, but within the same enterprise. Well-defined tasks and methods for implementing onboarding make it possible to reduce staff turnover among «newcomers» to enterprises. And its essence substantiates the expediency and effectiveness of onboarding in the process of personnel management in general.

Does Background Type and Blurring Affect Performance Ratings in Video Interviews?

Asynchronous video interviews (AVIs) have become increasingly popular as alternatives (or complements) to more traditional face-to-face interviews. Yet, AVI research has been largely focused on applicant reactions or behaviors, and we still know very little about what influences how applicants are rated. Importantly, because AVIs afford applicants the flexibility to record their responses from their homes, the background they choose could influence raters’ judgments. This study examines whether raters’ (N=276 Prolific respondents with prior hiring experience) initial impressions and final ratings differ if applicants record their AVIs from a home-office, a bedroom, or use background blurring settings, as well as the role played by response quality. Final interview scores were positively associated with both initial impressions and applicant response quality. Yet, background type (or the use of blurring) was not associated with initial impressions or final interview scores.

Voicing green learning in rural areas through service-learning: A participatory action research study

The paper explores the role of service-learning pedagogy in fostering green learning and skills, particularly in rural school setting. By triangulating data from photovoice, dyadic interviews, and reflective observations, the authors implemented an action research study, involving sixteen students from grades 5 to 8 in a Romanian public school. Initial and final interviews explored the participants' perceptions and strategies toward green learning, while photovoice documented their learning process. Observational tools further enriched data collection. The study found service-learning enhanced enjoyment, deep learning strategies, and a sense of community in multi-ethnic classrooms. Thus, experiential learning pedagogies coupled with participant research methods can significantly bolster green learning and competences.

Co-creating a learning curriculum for professionals working with and people living with Parkinson’s disease from an integrated care approach – SUPER project experience

Introduction: Integrated care (IC) aims the delivery of effective management of Parkinson's Disease (PD) to minimize disability and potentially improve long-term outcomes, which would minimize long-term and costs and resource utilization.
 Target Population: The target population is the members of multidisciplinary care teams to have the most detailed knowledge of IC models adapted to the real needs of PD patients and their relatives/caregivers.
 Population involvement: Qualitative methods (focus groups/interviews) not only of the health and social care professionals but also other relevant key informants such as PD patients and their relatives/caregivers have promoted direct involvement in the co-creation process of the curriculum.
 Methodology: Common guidelines were designed to conduct the co-production sessions, data collection, and reporting. A total of 66 participants have participated in 7 focus groups (FG) (43 participants) and in 6 interviews (I) across Spain (FG= 4), Italy (FG= 3, I=2), UK (I=3), and Ireland (I=1). Meetings were planned to be face-to-face (FG=7, I=1), but to facilitate participation they were also carried out online (I=5). By profile, 39 participants were care team members, 13 PD patients, and 14 caregivers/relatives. ISRAA (Italy) conducted the analysis and discussed, and they were discussed and agreed upon by the consortium partners, and co-validated in a final consultation with key informants.
 Results: PD patients (8 men and 5 women) and caregivers (2 men and 12 women) cross-nationally reached similar agreements. The main need was about being more informed on PD. A lack of social and psychological consideration aspects and they only focused on the clinical ones. When seeking emotional support PD patients and caregivers did not feel directed to the right source. It was difficult for PD patients to assume the degenerative aspect of PD. Carers didn’t receive guidelines to manage complex situations as the disease progresses, but they received good support from Parkinson’s Associations. Among the care team members (22 women and 14 men). Italian professionals stated that they deliver integrated care. Professionals from Spain, Ireland, and the UK stated that they are aware of the use of an IC approach, but there is a lack in professional implementation. Professionals agree that there is a lack of training opportunities on IC for PD. Communication should be improved in a multidisciplinary way, establishing person-centred care pathways, and holistically considering patients and caregivers.
 Lessons learned: A digital training curriculum for a PD professionals-based IC approach should include guidelines in three main areas: (1) PD medical, clinical aspects and treatments, (2) PD psycho-social resources for patients and caregivers, (3) IC for PD.
 Next Steps: The SUPER project platform with training materials will be available to be tested with care team members.

Examining usable security features and user perceptions of Physical Authentication Devices

Despite the enhanced security benefits offered by Physical Authentication Devices (PADs) compared to other forms of Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), the adoption and retention of PADs remain relatively low in comparison to other MFA methods. Evidence indicates that the limited widespread adoption and usage of PADs are primarily due to negative user perceptions concerning their usability and security features. Moreover, there's a limited understanding of how users from diverse backgrounds perceive PADs with their varying standards and features. To bridge this knowledge gap, we undertook a multiple case study with 23 users spanning varied demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, and experience with MFA) to use and test three distinct PADs. Case study participants were provided with three unique PAD devices featuring different characteristics/features and were prompted to share their experiences of installation, usage, and troubleshooting over a 2-week span via an initial questionnaire, logbook, and a final interview. The gathered data were analysed using NVIVO, a Qualitative Research Software platform, uncovering notable disparities between user groups and their predilections for specific PADs. Further discussions from our research illuminate four primary areas (Compatibility, Support, Quality and Simplicity) where usable security features impede positive user perception of PAD devices and addressing these areas is crucial for enhancing PAD adoption and retention rates.

PATTERNS AND THEMES OF OLDER ADULTS’ COPING ACROSS TWO YEARS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Abstract Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults developed coping strategies to adapt to the necessary social distancing precautions intended to protect from severe illness. However, over time, especially as vaccines became available, their need and ability to adapt and cope shifted. This longitudinal, mixed-methods study investigates whether older adults’ perceptions of coping changed across the first two years of the pandemic and how older adults described their experiences with coping at different points during this time. Between April 2020 and June 2022, five waves of interviews were conducted with 76 Midwestern older adults between the ages of 70 and 97. At each timepoint, participants rated their level of perceived coping, quality of life, and stress. They also answered several open-ended questions about their current daily life and experiences during the pandemic. Repeated-measures ANOVAs indicated participants’ perceived coping and quality of life significantly increased between the first and final interview. Thematic coding of interview transcripts identified four themes of coping across two years of the pandemic: 1) staying occupied, 2) seeking social support, 3) cultivating an adaptive mindset, and 4) future planning. Theme meaning shifted once vaccines were available, as participants adapted to ‘a new normal’ lifestyle, gained realistic perspectives, and appreciated their own resilience. Findings suggest older adults had nuanced and shifting coping experiences throughout the initial two years of the pandemic, but overall coped by drawing on life experiences. Our discussion will highlight variability in older adults’ coping over time and directions for future study and practice.

Lost in the loop - a qualitative study on patient experiences of care in standardized cancer patient pathways

BackgroundThe Norwegian health authorities introduced standardized cancer patient pathways (CPPs) in 2015, aiming to reduce practice variations across hospitals and regions, and improve the continuity, coordination and overall quality of the health care service provided to cancer patients. There has been few studies investigating this change, and that have looked into the organisational and economic benefits of standardized pathways, however the element of care and the patient perspective has been especially neglected. This study explored the care element in cancer patient pathways through an in-depth study of patient experiences.MethodsThe patients were enrolled approximately three years after the introduction of standardized CPPs in Norway. Through a qualitative design with in-depth interviews, a total of 21 interviews were conducted with seven patients between 2018 and 2020. The first interview took place after the diagnosis was established and before treatment, the second interview during treatment, and the final interview approximately one year after the completion of active treatment. The empirical catchment area was eastern Norway. Data were analysed using a theoretical thematic analysis.ResultsThis study sheds light on the complex challenges patients’ faces, while navigating CPPs, including the need for better transition support, improved coordination and continuity in care, and a more holistic approach that encompasses emotional well-being and family support. Three overarching themes were identified: [1] Navigating CPPs: patient care and transition challenges, [2] Fragmented cancer care: challenges in coordination and continuity [3] Unmet needs and overlooked opportunities in CPPs.ConclusionsPatients experience that cancer patient pathways offer good medical treatment, but that the care element deserves more attention. Current CPPs are trapped in a logic of choice, preventing room for the element of care to receive the attention it requires for the patient to truly experience holistic person-centred care and continuous, well-coordinated services. Based in our study we argue there is a need to look into the missed opportunities for using the CPPs as points of departure for more holistic collaborative models for cancer care.

Managing Your Own Wellness (MYOW): Intervention for improving wellness through dementia care partner’s self‐care

AbstractBackgroundCaring for a person living with dementia (PLWD) can be a stressful and straining experience for family/friend care partners (CP), often leading to an increased risk for adverse psychosocial and health outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety, mortality). Engaging in self‐care can reduce these risks and improve health. Yet, comprehensive tools that measure self‐care as a dynamic concept in the context of dementia caregiving do not exist. “Managing Your Own Wellness” [MYOW] checklist was created and validated to capture dementia CP self‐care behaviors and to inform the development of a brief, tailored person‐centered intervention. The study’s objective was to pilot test this intervention, with the ultimate goal of informing a new generation of CP interventions that address the complex and wide range of self‐care needs.MethodNineteen primary dementia CPs completed the study and participated in the baseline visit to establish a self‐care goal, three weekly check‐in coaching visits with the interventionist, and a final exit interview at week four. Measures at baseline, week four, and week 12 included MYOW, well‐being scale, single item tool for perceived strain and stress, and screening tools for depression and anxiety. Participants completed daily tracking forms to report their engagement and perception of progress in their selected self‐care activity. All interviews were transcribed and coded using thematic content analysis. Study measures were evaluated using correlation analyses.ResultsCP’s increased engagement in self‐care activities and improved sense of well‐being were captured by quantitative measures. Qualitative analysis revealed themes involving a change in relationship dynamics, evolution of the sense of self, shift in internal personal perspective (acceptance) and its effects on CP behaviors (increased patience, less frustration), and perception of PLWD interactions (more cooperative).ConclusionMYOW intervention had high acceptability and demonstrated high potential for broad dissemination. CP engaged in developing and following through on personalized self‐care goals and in tracking their progress. The impact of self‐care is dynamic and multi‐faceted. Focusing on brief daily wellness‐related activities has mutual benefits for CP and PLWD. Future research should be focused on further simplifying intervention protocols and measures and evaluating the intervention with a larger diverse sample of CP.

Lifelogging By Senior Citizens: Implications from a Light-Weight GPS-Based Study

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the proportion of senior citizens (over 60 years old) in the world population will reach 30% by 2050. Governments with rapidly ageing societies, such as Japan, urge local communities to develop sustainable solutions that facilitate healthy ageing. A vital component of the solution is for individuals to self-monitor their daily activities and health statuses. With advances in wearable devices, the self-monitoring practice of lifelogging, has become accessible for many people, making such devices promising tools for senior citizens. However, the current understanding of the effective practices of supporting senior citizens through lifelogging technologies is still limited. Methods: This article reports the findings of a study that investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of a lightweight GPS-based lifelogging approach exercised by senior citizens in Japan. We asked ten participants to carry a smartphone when they went out, and the device automatically captured their activity and location data. We also generated monthly personalised reports to help participants reflect on their daily lives. We analysed the log data collected by the mobile devices, answers to questionnaires distributed every month with activity reports, and final interviews. Results: The results of the analysis suggest that 1) it is feasible for senior citizens to carry a smartphone to collect their activity and location data, and participants did not feel stressed even when they did not have previous experience using the device; 2) activity reports are a promising way to help senior citizens reflect on their daily lives; 3) senior citizens can be highly atuned to erroneous numeric data captured by these devices, and 4) the ability to interpret visualisations of lifelog data can vary across participants. Conclusions: The findings of this study call for developing data literacy programs for senior citizens to facilitate their effective use of data-driven services.

Field study challenges: Customisation and personalisation during lighting control research in residences

Residential lighting control can assist in creating a comfortable atmosphere, providing information, and supporting well-being. Field studies are used to investigate lighting control, but study protocol customisation or personalisation may be required due to actual life events and situations. An 8-week field study tested three protocols for effects on behaviour, well-being, and sleep patterns and was executed in 14 apartments during the winter. Light amount and timing were controlled: residents woke up with a dawn simulation, experienced lights turn-off as an indication to leave for work, and were prepared for bed during a dusk simulation scenario. Sleep trackers results showed later and more wide-ranged wake-up and bedtimes than assumed. As expected, the apartments’ different floorplans challenged comparable light exposure. Unexpectedly, several participants requested a reduced wake-up frequency and reported sleeping elsewhere on Fridays and Saturdays. Everybody experienced a full dawn simulation, but some people left home soon after wake-up, calling for lighting control customisation. Real-time field applications may demand a certain level of customisation or personalisation, affecting intentions and results. Discussing and documenting (un)intentional adjustments during final interviews and in scientific publications can benefit in explaining findings and further research.

​Pre-testing Semi-structured Interview Questions Using Expert Review and Cognitive Interview Methods

The aim of this methodological paper is to report on a way to pre-test semi-structured interview questions using both the expert review and cognitive interview methods for multiple case study research. Pre-testing, a type of pilot study, is important to ensure semi-structured interview questions can achieve the desired goal of rigour in the qualitative research process ensuring construct validity and reliability. Expert reviews can be undertaken using a modified Qualitative Appraisal System (QAS-99) questionnaire and cognitive interviews using Tourangeau’s four-stage cognitive model with verbal probes and concurrent probing. Modifications can then be made to the initial semi-structured interview questions resulting in a final semi-structured interview protocol. Reflective insights in the pre-testing process should also be documented. As there is a dearth of reports on how to undertake pre-testing of semi-structured interview questions using both the expert review and cognitive interview methods, this paper provides a valuable methodological guide for qualitative researchers in the preparation and development of a semi-structured interview protocol especially for multiple case study research.

Explanatory Study of Student-Teacher Interactions, Students’ Academic Motivation, and Teacher’s Motivation in English Classes

This study aims to determine the relationship between student-teacher interaction, students' academic motivation, and the teacher's motivation in the eighth-grade English classroom. Quantitative and qualitative data on student-teacher interaction and academic motivation in English learning were collected using a questionnaire, observation, and interview. 137 eighth-grade students at Semarang's Karangturi junior high school in the academic year 2022-2023 were the subjects of this study. Using an observation sheet from Ottevanger (2001), it was determined to see to what extent the teacher uses student-teacher interaction to increase students' and teachers' academic motivation. A final interview is conducted with the English teacher to determine her perception of student-teacher interaction. The results demonstrate a correlation between student-teacher interaction and students’ academic motivation in English classes. The instructor utilizes these interactions by posing questions and issuing directives. Moreover, the instructor concurred that student-teacher interactions are highly beneficial for both students and instructors.

Generation Z Nursing Students' Perceptions of Sustainable Production and Consumption Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Qualitative Study.

Background and Purpose: 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, an in-depth understanding of undergraduate nursing students, and experiences are needed. This study aims to explore and describe the experiences and challenges faced by undergraduate nursing students concerning sustainable production and consumption based on the theory of planned behavior. Methods: An inductive design was used for this qualitative study, which included open-ended, and in-depth interviews with 24 undergraduate nursing students. Throughout the study, the authors followed the COREQ checklist. Results: The audio was recorded and lasted 24-48 minutes (x̄ = 30.8 minutes). The audio recordings were subjected to repeated listening, followed by the creation of observation notes for each interview and transcription of all the interviews. It was determined that data saturation had been achieved after the final interview. The participants confirmed the findings by reviewing daily summaries at the conclusion of the interview data. To analyze the data, the thick description method was employed. The coded similarity rate of the data set was calculated. The similarity rate in this study was 91.0%. Five themes were identified: (a) "behavioral beliefs," (b) "normative persons, organizations, and institutions," (c) "motive," (d) "facilitative," and (e) "challenges." Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The climate crises experienced during the formative years of undergraduate nursing students belonging to Generation Z, as well as the impact of pandemic diseases, have significantly influenced their views on sustainable production and consumption. In order to meet the needs of the socially conscious Generation Z, modern nursing education must incorporate advanced practices that reflect their values.

Can Achilles tendinosis be treated effectively with lidocaine and glucose infiltrations, and if so, is the effect lasting? A longitudinal, observational on 27 consecutive patients

ObjectiveOur aim was to add to the small but growing body of evidence on the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided Achilles intratendinous hyperosmolar dextrose prolotherapy and introduce a novel, preceding step of paratenon hydrodissection with lidocaine in patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis resistant to rehabilitation therapy. MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal, observational study on 27 consecutive patients diagnosed with Achilles tendinosis, in whom conservative treatment, ie, physiotherapy or shock wave therapy, had failed. A 2% lidocaine paratenon anesthesia and hydrodissection was followed by ultrasound-guided, intratendinous injections of 25% glucose every 5 weeks. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used for pain assessment at rest, for activities of daily living, and after moderate exercise at the begining and at the end of the treatment. Moreover, tendon thickness and vascularisation were recorded at baseline and final treatment consultation. Effectiveness was estimated from scoring and relative pain reduction using a 95% CI. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test and a general linear model for repeated measures were applied. Statistical significance was established as p < 0.05. ResultsA median of 5 (1–11) injection consultations per patient were required. Pain scores decreased significantly in all three conditions (p < 0.001). Relative reductions were 75% in pain at rest (95% CI;61–93%), 69% in pain with daily living activities (95% CI; 55–83%), and 70% in pain after moderate exercise (95% CI; 57–84%). Tendon neo-vascularisation was significantly reduced (p < 0.001). We did not observe significant changes in tendon thickness (p = 0.083). ConclusionsAchilles tendinosis treatment with paratenon lidocaine hydrodissection and subsequent prolotherapy with hyperosmolar glucose solution is safe, effective, inexpensive, and virtually painless with results maintained over time.

Narrating Final Memories From Spousal Loss: The Role of Place and Quality of Death.

Objective: Personal memories of the death of a spouse can guide bereavement adjustment. Place of death and quality of death are end-of-life factors that are likely to influence death experiences and formation of subsequent personal memories. The current study employs narrative content-analysis to examine how place and quality of death relate to affective sequences present in older adults' final memories from the death of their spouse. Method: Based on power analyses, 53 older adults were recruited and completed a Final Memory Interview. They also reported place of spouse's death (ie, in hospital, out of hospital) and quality of death across four subscales. Final memory narratives were reliably content-analyzed (interrater agreements >.70), revealing positive and negative affective sequences, including: redemption, contamination, positive stability, and negative stability. Findings: Experiencing the death of a spouse in hospital was related to narrating final memories with contamination. In terms of quality of death, reporting a less comforting social environment at time of death was related to the presence of redemption in final memories. Reporting that one's spouse received appropriate medical care related to narrating memories that showed positive stability. Conclusions: Final memories are carried with the bereaved long after their loss. Positive final memories appear to stem from witnessing a comfortable, medically appropriate death outside of a hospital setting. End-of-life 'that is' between care and aligned with patients' values for place and treatment may be critical for spouses' formation of constructive final memories and bereavement adjustment.

Informal learning processes in the daily practice of one German PE teacher

ABSTRACT Background: Physical education (PE) teachers’ learning processes are one important factor influencing the quality of PE and the learning outcomes of their students. To conceptualise learning for this study two dimensions were meaningful: an individual dimension with a focus on knowledge construction and other traits of teachers and a situational dimension that focuses on the special situation of teachers’ workplace. For this study changes in the professional competencies of an individual are used as indicators for previously occurring learning processes. Professional competencies are defined from the perspective of the competency-centred professional research branch. Purpose: This study aimed to reconstruct the working processes of PE teachers, which are associated with changes in professional competencies as indicators for professional learning. The following research question was therefore central to the study: In the context of which working activities does a teacher learn and how is this learning influenced? Method: The study followed a case study research approach and is based primarily on eight approximately 90-minute interviews. Grounded theory coding processes were used as the data analysis strategy. After the final interview, the working process of lesson planning and delivery was selected as the further focus of the analysis because there were only a few learning situations in the other working processes and constant comparison was within these working processes not reasonably possible. The cases within the selected category were categorised into four categories that differentiate sub-working processes and changes in professional competencies. Findings: Informal learning takes place in different facets of the daily work processes of a physical education teacher and extends over long periods. As outlined above, the presentation of the results for the working process of lesson planning and delivery follows the four identified subcategories: impetus, initial development, further development, and routine adaptation. The order of these four categories follows a chronological order of the working process. Changes in professional competencies were observed in the two middle categories concerning professional knowledge (content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge) and professional vision. The changes in the named professional competencies were influenced by several external and internal factors, such as time, collegial conversation, or availability of high-quality information. Conclusion: The data of the study support assumptions about the strong importance of informal learning in a teacher's everyday working processes. Therefore, support for professional learning in the every day should focus on these informal processes. Based on the results, three options for supporting informal learning can be concluded. Firstly, the investigated teacher reported extensive time needed for research in the initial development stage and that reliable sources for high-quality knowledge and teaching materials spare time, but these sources are rare. Secondly, informal learning processes might be supported by some sort of incentives or acknowledgment. Third a structurally integrated opportunity to engage with professional learning communities might foster the transformation of working processes into learning opportunities.

Pembuatan Pedoman Proses Rekruitmen dan Seleksi Berbasis Digital Booklet pada PT Ebiz Prima Nusa

Recruitment and selection processes Project planning and smart hiring are two things needed to obtain quality employees, namely employees who are smart, skilled, have competence, can work, are creative, and have high morality. However, in its implementation, the recruitment and selection process at PT Ebiz Prima Nusa has not been carried out effectively. Such as the absence of references, guidelines, or standardization when recruitment and selection are carried out. Based on this phenomenon, a project was developed to create media that can provide complete information in the form of a digital booklet regarding the recruitment and selection process at PT Ebiz Prima Nusa. The digital booklet created aims to serve as a guideline, direction, and reference for recruitment and selection activities. This project was made with qualitative methods for collecting data and processed with the interactive model method. The project design was carried out with the help of the Canva and Anyflip platforms so that the digital booklet could be created. The design stage is divided into three stages: pre-project implementation, project implementation, and post-project implementation. In the pre-project implementation stage, problem identification, a literature review, and needs interviews were conducted. Furthermore, the project implementation stage is also carried out in stages, starting with planning, information processing, searching for a digital booklet platform, design, development, testing, revision conducted by interviews with experts or lecturers, Forum Group Discussions (FGD) with employees who have been accepted at the testing stage, and interviews with HR, then ending with the publication stage. The last stage is post-implementation, which involves reviewing the impact of the project through a final interview. The final result of this project is a digital booklet that will be used as a guideline, direction, and reference for recruitment and selection activities at PT Ebiz Prima Nusa.