Final Interpretation Research Articles

Misconception tendency of differentiated instruction in publicly shared teaching and learning videos on youtube: A mixed-methods exploration study

Differentiated instruction is a pedagogical approach in which teachers fulfill students' needs based on their interests and learning profiles. This paradigm is new to the Indonesian educational sector as the government of Indonesia introduced the Merdeka curriculum in 2022, which offers a new style of teaching and learning in Indonesia through differentiation in the classroom. As an unfamiliar approach, the recent practice of differentiated instruction may lead to a misconception, particularly in its implementation. This paper focuses on witnessing teachers' misconceptions regarding differentiated instruction in three major aspects: teacher-student relations, teacher-learning design, and teacher-learning goals, using a mixed method with an explanatory sequential design. The first phase includes video observation for qualitative data collection to build variables and obtain quantitative results. This research used a purposive sampling technique with a total of seventy-seven teaching and learning in Indonesian high school videos from YouTube with particular keywords related to differentiation. All the videos were uploaded on YouTube in 2022, ranging from January 2022 to December 2022, and were from various origins and subjects. The final result and interpretation show that the score of differentiated instruction implementation through the observation checklist was 0.4722, considered satisfactory. Furthermore, this study identifies three aspects of differentiation that need to be strengthened, including learning pace settings, giving oral feedback to students based on their needs, and responding proactively to diverse students. The recommendations for tackling misconceptions regarding differentiated instruction are given for better future implementation.

Correlation between computed tomography and histological evaluation of nodal metastasis in dogs with mast cell tumours.

Early diagnosis of nodal metastasis has been shown to impact prognosis for dogs with mast cell tumours (MCT). The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the correlation between computed tomographic characteristics of lymph nodes and histologic nodal metastasis using the HN classification system, in dogs with cutaneous or subcutaneous MCT and regional lymph node(s) removal. Dogs that had removal of MCT and regional lymphadenectomy within 31 days of the initial staging computed tomography (CT) were enrolled. Subjective lymph node characteristics used included margination, loss of fat at hilus, shape of margin, perinodal fat pattern, increase in number of nodes, and pre- and post-contrast heterogeneity. Enhancement, heterogeneity, and short-long axis ratio were calculated. Seventy-one lymph nodes from 37 dogs were included. Generalised linear mixed model of assessment of lymph node was performed twice, with binary outcome [non-metastatic (HN0/1) versus metastatic (HN2/3)] and 4-point scales (HN0-HN3). After blind assessment of 7 characteristics described above, a final subjective interpretation of each lymph node as non-metastatic or metastatic was assigned. A significant correlation was found between final interpretation and prediction of metastasis. Higher HN classification was also significantly correlated with the increased number of nodes and pre- and post-contrast heterogeneity. No correlation was found in short-long axis ratio, calculated heterogeneity, or degree of enhancement. Sensitivity of CT was 35.7%, specificity was 96.6%, and accuracy was 60.5% for nodal metastasis. CT alone cannot be recommended for assessment of metastasis. The use of multiple computed tomographic characteristics may increase accuracy of nodal metastasis detection.

The relationship between pellet size and shotgun dispersion patterns.

When reconstructing a shooting incident with a shotgun, the muzzle-to-target distance can be determined by relating the size of a dispersion pattern found on a crime scene to that of test shots. Ideally, the test shots are performed with the weapon and ammunition that were used in the incident. But sometimes examiners will have to resort to alternatives, such as using cartridges of the same brand and type but with another pellet size. For this reason, the relationship between pellet size and shotgun dispersion patterns was studied with both lead and steel shotgun pellets. Cartridges were loaded with identical cartridge cases, powder charges, and wads but with different pellet sizes, below size B. The cartridges were fired, and the dispersion patterns at 5 m in front of the muzzle were measured and compared. The results provide strong support for the proposition that shotgun dispersion patterns with both lead and steel shot increase with decreasing pellet size if all other relevant parameters are kept equal. The results also provide an indicative measure of the magnitude of the effect. Pattern sizes were approximately 1.7 times larger with #9 than with #0 lead shot and 1.4 times larger with #9 than with #1 steel shot. The differences between consecutive shot sizes were generally smaller. This means that cartridges of equal brand and type but with the next nearest shot number can be used for a muzzle-to-target distance determination, keeping the information of the current study in mind in the final interpretation of the results.

Analysis of Pneumonia Area Development in Covid-19 Patients based on Sequential X-Ray Images Using the Seq_UB Architecture

Introduction During the covid pandemic, radiologists diagnosed covid patients by analyzing chest X-ray images. The existence of a quantitative system can help visual observation of lung conditions by radiologists. Purpose of research This research aims to develop an image segmentation algorithm, Seq_UB, which can monitor the development of the lung condition of Covid-19 patients periodically. The Seq_UB algorithm was developed by modifying the UNet system using different CNN layers according to the UBNet v1 algorithm. Materials and methods The dataset for training uses the Montgomery USA Dataset, which contains 138 CXRs with a resolution of 4,020×4,892, of which there are 80 normal CXR images and 58 CXR images of patients identified with tuberculosis; the Shenzhen Hospital Dataset consists of 662 CXR images, of which there are 336 abnormal CXR images. Result and discussion The results show that reducing the input image size does not significantly affect the accuracy of the segmentation results. However, reducing the input image size will affect the resolution of the segmentation results. Where the smaller the input image size, the lower the resolution obtained. This will have an impact on the final interpretation of the segmentation results. Research shows that an input image size of 512 is the best because the resolution of the segmentation results is still very accurate. This study shows that the Seq_UB architecture can perform X-ray image segmentation with relatively stable accuracy and lower computational burden. An interesting pattern was found, where Covid-19 patients quantitatively experienced fluctuations in image segmentation size. Conclusions The Seq_UB system can perform well with a segmentation accuracy of 96 %, and the processing speed takes 0.91 s. A desktop GUI was designed to segment X-ray images more effectively. HIGHLIGHTS Development of the Seq_UB algorithm: This research presents the development of an X-ray image segmentation algorithm with a computational workload that is faster, more accurate, and lighter Quantitative estimation of the lung area percentage of Covid-19 patients based on segmentation with the Seg_UB model Monitoring the development of lung conditions of Covid-19 patients quantitatively by comparing it with normal CXR using the Seg_UB model GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Evaluation of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of respiratory distress in neonates

Background: Respiratory distress (RD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Traditionally, clinical criteria combined with chest X-ray have been considered the gold standard for diagnosing respiratory distress. This study aims to assess the efficiency of lung ultrasound in diagnosing respiratory distress, with a focus on preventing neonates from unnecessary radiation exposure. Methods: A multicentric prospective study was performed where neonates with gestational age 28-40 weeks were included based on presence of clinical signs of respiratory distress. Neonates with congenital anomalies or those who received surfactant therapy were excluded. Within 6 hrs of birth, these neonates underwent X ray chest and ultrasound. Final interpretation of chest x-ray was done by the blinded radiologist. A trained neonatologist used transthoracic view in ultrasound for the initial interpretation. Results: A total of 80 neonates were enrolled in the study, among whom 49 were diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome, 22 with transient tachypnoea of the newborn, 4 with pneumonia, and 5 classified as normal. Lung ultrasound exhibited a sensitivity of 95.9% and a specificity of 90.3% for the diagnosis of respiratory distress, with a positive predictive value of 94% and a negative predictive value of 93.3%. Conclusions: Lung ultrasound proves to be a highly efficient diagnostic tool for respiratory distress in neonates, offering the added advantage of avoiding harmful radiation exposure associated with chest X-rays. Early detection of respiratory distress can facilitate timely management and significantly improve neonatal outcomes. Further adoption and validation of point of care lung ultrasound in clinical practice hold the potential to enhance neonatal care.

Algumas notas sobre a quantificação de Degree Achievements em Português Europeu

The present investigation addresses the quantification of Degree Achievements (DAs) in European Portuguese (EP). DAs have been extensively investigated, as they are mostly deadjectival verbs, which therefore inherit their structure from gradable adjectives. These verbs have the special feature of allowing ambiguous readings regarding the telicity of the event projected by the verb: either telic or atelic. Since they derive from gradable adjectives, DAs have typically been considered, in the literature, gradable predicates, which allows us to question whether or not this type of verb can be quantified. Thus, the present work intends to verify the compatibility of this type of verbs with the EP quantifiers muito (‘very’) and pouco (‘little’). Taking into consideration the research by Quadros Gomes (2011a, 2011b) on the modification of gradable adjectives by muito (‘much/very’) and bem (‘well’) in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), we aim to understand how these quantifiers will act on DAs particularly in what concerns their basic scalar structure (open-scale and closed-scale DAs) and the final readings available for each case: telic, atelic or both. The results show that the type of scale does not influence the final reading, since none of the analysed DAs induces a telic reading (i.e., the attaining of a maximum degree, contextually defined). In fact, in all the cases, even with closed-scale DAs, the final interpretation is atelic, denoting a process reading. Moreover, in EP, a second reading, concerning the degree of frequency of the eventualities denoted by these verbs (which denotes repetition of the events), seems to be available for most of the analysed examples.

The influence of enhanced vegetation index, proximity to national borders, proximity to protected areas, and proximity to water on malaria case prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-2020

Background: This study aimed to assess the effect of enhanced vegetation index, proximity to national borders, proximity to protected areas, and water on malaria morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Data were pooled from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 32 Sub-Saharan African countries spanning 2000 to 2020. Women's standard weights were denormalized and bivariate analyses were conducted to identify potential confounders. Two models were fitted; model 1 involved primary exposure variables and model 2 involved primary exposure variables adjusted for significant confounders. The final interpretation of the results was based on model 2. Results: The prevalence of malaria cases was 23.1%, The risk of children suffering malaria in households that belong to the 3rd quantile of the vegetation index is 27% less compared to children that belong to the households in the 1st quantile of the vegetation index [aOR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.55-0.99; p-value<0.05]. Children belonging to households in the 4th quantile of proximity to water have a 33% higher risk of suffering from malaria compared to households that are closer to water [aOR=1.33, 95%CI:1.08-1.63; p-value<0.01]. Conclusions: Environmental factors have been found to influence malaria morbidity among children in SSA. Intervention should be targeted at households especially those that are closer to water with more children under five to ensure full access and use of ITNs among all children under five as part of the overall goal of achieving the health-related SDGs.

Solution Blow Spinning to Prepare Preferred Oriented Poly(ethylene oxide) Submicrometric Fibers

In this work, materials with potential biomedical applications constituted by fibrous poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, are prepared by solution blow spinning (SBS). The SBS setup has a cylindrical collector for which the rotational speed and size are varied to study its effect on the final morphology of the materials. The morphology is inspected using field emission scanning electron microscopy and studied using image analysis. As a result, many doubts were generated because of the use of different methods of image analysis, therefore a simpler and more conventional method using Image J open-source software was used to ensure the accuracy of the final interpretation. It is shown that fiber size and orientation depend on the linear speed associated with the surface of the collector more than on its rotational speed; therefore, it can be said that the morphology of materials prepared by SBS will depend on the size, shape, and rotational speed of the collector. When the linear speed of the cylindrical collector increases, fibers get thinner, less entangled, and more oriented. It is clear, therefore, that the linear speed of material collection by solution blow spinning is a very important parameter of processing to control the final morphology of materials manufactured by that method. Since morphology can affect the final properties of the materials the simple variation of the linear speed might have important implications on their final performance for different biomedical applications.

On the Reformulation of Meanings Guided by the Interpretive Theory: A Case Study of the Interpretation of Premier Li Keqiangs Press Conference 2022

The interpretative theory treats the procedure of interpretation as a way to convey the sense, which suggests that it is not the surface information or linguistic forms, but a faithful reformation of the original sense that should be interpreted. With the continuous development and wide application of interpretation, many interpreters in China consider the interpretative theory as a base in interpretation practice and use various translation techniques to determine the final interpretation. This article takes the Interpretation of Premier Li Keqiangs Press Conference 2022 as an example, further analyzing the concept and application of the interpretative theory. Based on the starting point of the interpretative theory, this interpretation makes deep analysis on the flexible use of different translation skills. The core of the interpretative theory is to tease apart the linguistic meaning and non-language sense. The interpreters make an explanation of the original meaning through language symbols and their own cognitive supplement. What interpreters should pursue is the equivalence of the original interpretation rather than that of the units of language, jumping out of the language framework. This interpretation perfectly demonstrates the core idea of the interpretative theory, and also reflects the basic principles of translation.

Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit in Multispecialty Hospital of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study.

During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, infection rates were high and symptoms were severe. Medical resources, including healthcare experts and hospital facilities, were put to the test to ensure their readiness to deal with this unique event. An intensive care unit (ICU) is expected to be required by many hospitalized patients. Many hospitals worldwide lacked resources during the pandemic's peak stages, particularly in critical care treatment. Because of this, there were issues with capacity, as well as an excessive influx of patients. Additionally, even though the research location provides medical care to a sizable population, there is a paucity of scientific data detailing the situation as it pertains to COVID-19 patients during the height of the outbreak. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and describe the features of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the ICU of one of the multispecialty hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An observational retrospective study was conducted using a chart review of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU between March 2020 and December 2020. To characterize the patients, descriptive statistics were utilized. An exploratory multivariate regression analysis was carried out on the study cohort to investigate the factors that were shown to be predictors of death and intubation. Only 333 (29.33%) of the 1135 samples from the hospital's medical records were used for the final analysis and interpretation. More than 76% of the patients in the study were male, with a mean BMI of 22.07 and an average age of around 49 years. The most frequent chronic condition found among the patients who participated in the study was diabetes (39.34%), followed by hypertension (31.53%). At the time of admission, 63 of the total 333 patients needed to have intubation performed. In total, 22 of the 333 patients died while undergoing therapy. People with both diabetes and hypertension had a 7.85-fold higher risk of death, whereas those with only diabetes or hypertension had a 5.43-fold and 4.21-fold higher risk of death, respectively. At admission, intubation was necessary for many male patients (49 out of 63). Most intubated patients had hypertension, diabetes, or both conditions. Only 13 of the 63 patients who had been intubated died, with the vast majority being extubated. Diabetes and hypertension were significant contributors to the severity of illness experienced by COVID-19 participants. The presence of multiple comorbidities had the highest risk for intubation and mortality among ICU-admitted patients. Although more intubated patients died, the fatality rate was lower than in other countries due to enhanced healthcare management at the ICU of the study center. However, large-scale trials are needed to determine how effective various strategies were in preventing ICU admission, intubation, and death rates.

High-resolution scan of the Pyrenean crustal structure combining magnetotelluric and gravity data

The Pyrenees have undergone complex geodynamic evolution starting with experiencing significant tectonic events during the Variscan Orogeny, followed by the intrusion of large granitic complexes during the late Variscan stage, then the collision between the Iberian and European plates during the Alpine Orogeny, and finally, Mesozoic extension. Despite extensive studies and the application of various geophysical methods (two-dimensional seismic reflection data, gravity, and long period magnetotellurics) to investigate the Pyrenean structure, there are still fundamental questions regarding its basement and cover architecture. Specifically, the geometry at depth of significant bodies such as the Late Variscan intrusive granites and Triassic evaporitic accumulations, remains unclear. To better understand these issues, we have conducted joint magnetotelluric and gravity surveys along a 60-km-long transect, spanning the boundary between the Axial and South Pyrenean Zones. Our final geological interpretation shows that the La Maladeta batholith consists of two distinct granitic bodies related to different intrusive pulses. In addition, we identify important Triassic evaporitic accumulations at depth. This work shows the high potential of integrating two geophysical models for understanding the geological evolution of structurally complex areas. The magnetotelluric and gravity data are complementary, with each dataset providing a different resolution for investigating the basement and cover architecture of the Pyrenees. These resolutions depend on the varied petrophysical properties of the rocks involved, including water content and deformation grade.

Conditional space-time POD extensions for stability and prediction analysis

The correlation and extraction of coherent structures from a turbulent flow is a principal objective of data-driven modal decomposition techniques. The Conditional space-time Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (CST-POD) offers insight into transient dynamics, revealing the causes of specific flow phenomena, or events, in a customizable manner. This work targets the temporal evolution of CST-POD modes in a reduced subspace, resulting in new extensions and adaptations that are distinct from capabilities of other decomposition methods. First, the properties of CST-POD and its relation to the ensemble average are instantiated with a simple Lorenz system. Other CST-POD properties are examined with applications to problems displaying intermittent properties that test data-driven methods, including transitional supersonic boundary layers and schlieren video processing of unstarted inlet buzz. These examples also explore the pragmatic concerns of oversampling and offer theoretical connections to the sub-sampling of a larger Hankel space through time-delay embedding. Through these insights, it is demonstrated that the subsequent application of dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) to CST-POD modes, provides a flexible tool to investigate targeted flow instabilities, both absolute (tonal) and convective in nature. It is shown, using a resonating jet as an example, that Spectral POD modes associated with tones can be recovered if the time-horizon of CST-POD is suitably extended. Regarding convective instabilities, a multi-resolution framework (CST-mrDMD) yields a refined “cause and effect” stability analysis, capable of diagnosing the natural forcing mechanisms within the jet, and the resulting unstable shear-layer mode. In the final interpretation, the potential for real-time flow prediction of extreme events is derived from an active sensor correlated to a CST-POD mode using the example of bluff-body wake structures impinging on a channel wall.

Burgâzî Fütüvvetmâmesi’ne Göre Hikâyelerle Ahlâkî Eğitim

Futuwwa means generosity, heroism, and youth. Futuwwat-nāma is the common name of the works that provide information about the rules and etiquette of futuwwa. Futuwwa, which had a mystical meaning at the beginning, has transformed into an economic, political, and social structure since the 13th century. This situation has increased the value of the futuwwat-nāmas, which are accepted as the constitution of the futuwwa. Futuwwat-nāmas are important in presenting a moral method that can be a source for today's education and society structure. In futuwwat-nāmas, the value of morality is emphasized in various stories. It is known that stories provide easy and permanent learning by concretizing abstract concepts. This paper, it is aimed to reveal one of the methods followed by the futuwwat-nāmas regarding moral education, based on the copy of the futuwwat-nāma of Burgāzī numbered 5481 registered in the Beyazıt Library. It is displayed that the book, whose subject focused on moral education through stories, claimed that the stories in the work have a decisive effect on moral education. Although there are studies on moral education with stories in the literature, it is thought that the futuwwat-nāmas, which are accepted as a reference source for the regulation of the Akhism and raising virtuous people, do not receive enough attention. In this respect, the Futuwwat-nāma of Burgāzī one of the first Turkish futuwwat-nāmas, which was written in the 13th century during the Anatolian Seljuk period, has been chosen. This study is important in presenting a moral model that can contribute to today's society and education system. In this study, qualitative and descriptive research methods were employed. Furthermore, chosen materials related to the subject investigated and were handled through the document analysis technique. During the study, the stories in futuwwat-nāma of Burgāzī were disclosed. The stories discussed in regard to the elements of the moral education model, along with the findings about its method, principles, target audience, purpose, and content, were provided. The study concluded that the teachings in futuwwat-nāma of Burgāzī offered a useful moral education method and were used as an effective method in raising people with virtuous qualities. In the stories in the futuwwat-nāma, it has been seen that the principle of educational values which were adopted hereby are suitable for everyone. The stories about the effects of good and bad morals on society and people are like a road map of how to achieve peace and trust through moral development. In the futuwwat-nāma, which is discussed, stories about moral values are given under the name of parable-story, especially the tale of the Qur'an based on Ashab al-Kahf and Yusuf's tale. In the work, short explanations about the stories are made, but the final interpretation is left to the reader to take a share of the story. It is thought that the model of raising virtuous people through the stories, which is considered an important element in the futuwwat-nāma of Burgāzī, can be applied effectively today. Re-interpreting this method from today's point of view and bringing it to life will benefit humanity. This paper is expected to contribute to the literature, and it is recommended that more comprehensive studies be carried out on the subject.

A Rapid MRI Protocol for Acute Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infection Eliminates Contrast, Decreases Sedation, Scan and Interpretation Time, Hospital Length of Stay, and Charges

Introduction: Acute musculoskeletal infections (MSKi) affect >1:6000 children in the United States annually, which could lead to arthritis, chronic infection, limb deformity, and even death. MRI is the gold standard for MSKi diagnosis but traditionally requires contrast and anesthesia, delaying results and slowing treatment decision-making. A rapid MRI protocol is an unsedated MRI with limited non-contrast sequences optimized for fluid detection and diffusion-weighted images to help identify abscesses. The objective of this study was to compare MRI access, timing, treatment, length of stay, and charges between the traditional and rapid MRI protocols among pediatric patients undergoing MSKi evaluation.Methods: A single-center retrospective study was conducted among 128 patients undergoing MSKi evaluation before (“Traditional cohort” [TC] of 60 patients admitted in Jan-Dec 2019) and after implementation of the rapid MRI protocol (“rapid cohort” [RC] of 68 patients admitted in Jun 2021-Jul 2022). Demographic, clinical, and charge data were extracted from electronic health records. Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to compare the two groups.Results: Demographics and diagnoses were similar, while rates of sedation and contrast administration were significantly different (53% and 88% in TC versus 4% and 0% in RC). The median time to MRI after ordering was 6.5 hours (IQR=3.2, 12.2) in TC and 2.2 hours (IQR=1.1, 4.5) in RC (p<0.01). The median duration of MRI was 63.2 minutes (IQR=52.4, 85.3) in TC and 24.0 minutes (IQR=18.5, 41.1) in RC (p<0.01). The median time between ordering and receiving the MRI final interpretation was 13.5 hours (IQR=2.35-66.3) in TC and 7.0 hours (IQR=1.25- 41.7) in RC (P<0.01). The median hospital length of stay was 5.3 days (IQR=2.7, 7.9) in TC and 3.7 days (IQR=1.0, 5.8) in RC (p<0.01). The median charges were $47,309 (IQR=$27,696, $81,048) in TC and $32,824 (IQR=$13,563, $53,027) in RC (p<0.01). While 10/68 of rapid MRIs resulted in nondiagnostic outcomes due to patient motion, only 6/68 required repeat MRI with sedation. Only two cases of MSKi were missed upon initial rapid MRI, but these instances were not attributable to the rapid protocol itself.Conclusion: In patients being evaluated for MSKi, the rapid MRI protocol eliminated contrast and nearly eliminated sedation while leading to improved MRI access, scan and interpretation times, and significant decreases in hospital length of stay and charges. Future steps include continuing quality control, studying interobserver reliability between protocols, and multicenter program expansion.Significance: Pediatric MSKi carry a large treatment burden, and this rapid MRI protocol improves imaging access while eliminating contrast, decreasing sedation, scan time, length of stay, and hospital charges, with a <10% rescan rate.

Risk Factors of Pre-eclampsia: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study.

Introduction Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder and is one of the leading causes of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality in India and worldwide. Evidence of the association between various risk factorsand pre-eclampsia is scarce in developing countries. As pre-eclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, focusing on the causes and risk factors of pre-eclampsia during antenatal surveillance would prevent maternal deaths and reduce the maternal mortality rate. Our study aimed to determine the risk factors of pre-eclampsia. Materials and methods An unmatched case-control study was conducted at Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (VIMSAR), Burla, Odisha, taking 100 cases of pre-eclampsia and 100 controls without pre-eclampsia from January 2021 to January 2023. The study population included patients admitted to the Obstetrics & Gynecology labor room. Study participants were selected randomly from the labor room thrice weekly. Data were collected using a predesigned pre-tested questionnaire and case report format. Data were analyzed using IBMSPSSStatistics for Windows, Version 26 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States).Appropriate statistical tests (Odds ratio, proportions, Chi-square test) were applied, and the final interpretation was made. Results Family history of hypertension (AOR = 4.2), history of chronic hypertension (AOR = 13.7), and AB blood group (AOR = 3.6) were found to be significant risk factors for pre-eclampsia. No significant association was found between pre-eclampsia and factors such as mother's age, caste, mother's education, type of family, socioeconomic status, education and occupation of husband, family history of diabetes mellitus, parity, history of abortion, and anemia. Conclusion Risk factors identified in the present study can be used to identify women at risk of pre-eclampsia during antenatal check-ups to minimize the complications of pre-eclampsia in both the mother and the fetus.

Radiologist age and diagnostic errors.

Previous investigations into the causes of error by radiologists have addressed work schedule, volume, shift length, and sub-specialization. Studies regarding possible associations between radiologist errors and radiologist age and timing of residency training are lacking in the literature, to our knowledge. The aim of our study was to determine if radiologist age and residency graduation date is associated with diagnostic errors. Our retrospective analysis included 1.9 million preliminary interpretations (out of a total of 5.2 million preliminary and final interpretations) of imaging examinations by 361 radiologists in a US-based national teleradiology practice between 1/1/2019 and 1/1/2020. Quality assurance data regarding the number of radiologist errors was generated through client facility feedback to the teleradiology practice. With input from both the client radiologist and the teleradiologist, the final determination of the presence, absence, and severity of a teleradiologist error was determined by the quality assurance committee of radiologists within the teleradiology company using standardized criteria. Excluded were 3.2 million final examination interpretations and 93,963 (1.8%) of total examinations from facilities reporting less than one discrepancy in examination interpretation in 2019. Logistic regression with covariates radiologist age and residency graduation date was performed for calculation of relative risk of overall error rates and by major imaging modality. Major errors were separated from minor errors as those with a greater likelihood of affecting patient care. Logistic regression with covariates radiologist age, residency graduation date, and log total examinations interpreted was used to calculate odds of making a major error to that of making a minor error. Mean age of the 361 radiologists was 51.1years, with a mean residency graduation date of 2001. Mean error rate for all examinations was 0.5%. Radiologist age at any residency graduation date was positively associated with major errors (p < 0.05), with a relative risk 1.021 for each 1-year increase in age and relative risk 1.235 for each decade as well as for minor errors (p < 0.05, relative risk 1.007 for each year, relative risk 1.082 for each decade). By major imaging modality, radiologist age at any residency graduation date was positively associated with computed tomography (CT) and X-ray (XR) major and minor error, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) major error, and ultrasound (US) minor error (p < 0.05). Radiologist age was positively associated with odds of making a major vs. minor error (p < 0.05). The mean error rate for all radiologists was low. We observed that increasing age at any residency graduation date was associated with increasing relative risk of major and minor errors as well as increasing odds of a major vs. minor error among providers. Further study is needed to corroborate these results, determine clinical relevance, and highlight strategies to address these findings.

Real world validation of an adjunctive gene expression–profiling assay for melanoma diagnosis and correlation with clinical outcomes at an academic center

A commercially available diagnostic gene expression profiling (GEP) assay (MyPath™) reportedly has high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing nevi from melanoma based on manufacturer-conducted studies. However, data regarding the performance of this GEP assay in routine clinical practice are lacking. The purpose of this study was to better assess the real-world performance of GEP in a large academic practice. Retrospective review of GEP scores were compared with final histomorphologic interpretation on a wide spectrum of melanocytic lesions demonstrating some degree of atypia. In a sample of 369 lesions, the sensitivity (76.1%) and specificity (83.9%) of the GEP test as compared with final dermatopathologist-rendered diagnosis in our dataset was appreciably lower than that reported in the prior manufacturer-conducted validation studies. Limitations of this study were that it was a single-center study, its retrospective nature, nonblinded nature of GEP test result, concordance of only two pathologists, and limited follow-up time.The sensitivity and specificity of a commercially available GEP diagnostic assay for melanoma may be lower in routine clinical practice, where melanocytic lesions typically exhibit some degree of histomorphologic atypia. Reported cost effectiveness of GEP testing is questionable if all ambiguous lesions that undergo such testing are re-excised in clinical practice.

Visualization and Interpretation of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment—Existing Tools and Future Development

The aim of this study is the evaluation of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) visualizations, which have been gaining increasing relevance in recent years. Despite this, the final interpretation and visualization of LCSA are not yet sufficiently established. Three of the existing LCSA visualization tools, Life Cycle Sustainability Triangle (LCST), Life Cycle Sustainability Dashboard (LCSD), and Sustainability Crowns, are compared and discussed along previously established target criteria. Subsequently, a “new” visualization tool (LCSA-Wheel) is developed based on analysis results and tested within a case study. It became clear that the LCST and Sustainability Crowns are mainly used to help weigh the sustainability dimensions. Nevertheless, the Sustainability Crowns meet most of the defined target criteria and thus serve as a model for the development of a visualization approach. The LCSD maps a wealth of information but is more difficult to understand without a deeper dive into the topic. The proposed LCSA-Wheel adopts a clear structure and provides information needed to understand the visualization. Although further developments are still necessary for general applicability, there is a justified assumption, shown with the help of a case study, that the LCSA-Wheel will gain acceptance in science and practice and thus drive the use of the LCSA.

성소수자의 가족경험에 대한 질적 메타분석

The purpose of this study was to analyze qualitative meta-analysis of studies conducted as qualitative studies on family experiences related to sexual minorities already been published. In the absence of the same-sex marriage law, it was intended to understand the family experience of LGBTQ people, including homosexual cohabitation, and the experience of parents with LGBTQ children as a whole. The subjects of the analysis are nine published in domestic journals and dissertations from 2015 to 2022, the first start of the sexual minority family experience. Data coding and categories of individual studies, mutual comparison between individual studies, analysis, result extraction, comprehensive results, and final interpretation were carried out in seven steps. Based on this, the core experiences and conceptual themes of the subjects who have the family experience of LGBTQ were reconstructed. The results of the study are as follows. First, one key experience and four conceptual themes of ‘gender identity of difference’ were derived from the experience of sexual minorities before the family knew it. Subsequently, two key experiences and five conceptual topics were derived from the responses and experiences of family members, “rejection and avoidance” and “acceptance.” Finally, the sexual minority party experience after the family knew resulted in two themes: ‘friction and barrier’ and ‘full life’ and four conceptual themes. Based on this, the experience of sexual minorities and the reactions and experiences of family members were explained and discussed. Through qualitative meta-analysis, it is possible to grasp the specific appearance of sexual minorities’ family experiences and present implications by reflecting in-depth on the research conducted by qualitative research. Finally, the significance of the study was presented and suggested for follow-up research.

Rapid Onsite Evaluation for Specimen Adequacy and Triage of Breast Masses in a Low-Resource Setting.

Rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) is critical in determining sample adequacy and triaging cytology samples. Although fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the primary method of initial tissue sampling in Tanzania, ROSE is not practiced. To investigate the performance of ROSE in determining cellular adequacy and providing preliminary diagnoses in breast FNAB in a low-resource setting. Patients with breast masses were recruited prospectively from the FNAB clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital. Each FNAB was evaluated by ROSE for overall specimen adequacy, cellularity, and preliminary diagnosis. The preliminary interpretation was compared to the final cytologic diagnosis and histologic diagnosis, when available. Fifty FNAB cases were evaluated, and all were adequate for diagnosis on ROSE and final interpretation. Overall percentage of agreement (OPA) between preliminary and final cytologic diagnosis was 84%, positive percentage of agreement (PPA) was 33%, and negative percentage of agreement (NPA) was 100% (κ = 0.4, P < .001). Twenty-one cases had correlating surgical resections. OPA between preliminary cytologic and histologic diagnoses was 67%, PPA was 22%, and NPA was 100% (κ = 0.2, P = .09). OPA between final cytologic and histologic diagnoses was 95%, PPA was 89%, and NPA was 100% (κ = 0.9, P = <.001). False-positive rates of ROSE diagnoses for breast FNAB are low. While preliminary cytologic diagnoses had a high false-negative rate, final cytologic diagnoses had overall high concordance with histologic diagnoses. Therefore, the role of ROSE for preliminary diagnosis should be considered carefully in low-resource settings, and it may need to be paired with additional interventions to improve pathologic diagnosis.