Final Game Research Articles

Интеллект, креативность и успешность решения задач учащимися среднего школьного возраста в компьютерной игре «PLines»

The article presents the results of the study of the relations of psychometric parameters of intelligence and creativity of middle school age students with the efficiency of their problem solving in a computer game, a variant of the famous game “Lines”. The computer game performance was estimated in the final game score. The presence of a weak, but significant positive relationship between the final game score and the indicators of creativity, but not of intelligence, was shown. The obtained empirical data are discussed from the prospects of the use of a computer game as a special diagnostic tool for cognitive abilities, and those psychological variables that can be analyzed as relevant factors for high computer game performance.

A Linguistic Analysis of Tennis Players’ Speeches

تعنى هذه الدراسة بالتحليل اللغوي لأحاديث لاعبي التنس إذ تتناول الأحاديث الإنكليزية التي يلقيها لاعبو التنس (من أبناء اللغة الأم وسواهم) في المباراة الختامية. تكمن المشكلة في تشفير وفك شفرة احاديث لاعبي التنس من أبناء اللغة الأم وسواهم كونها ارتجالية غير مخطط لها وتلقى في سياق رسمي، وهي حالة نادرة. تمت في تلقي الأحاديث، بعبارة أخرى، أصوات كلامية عدة تشتت أذن السامع الإنكليزي من أبناء الإنكليزية مثل تلفظ كلمة Zurich بصيغة /θurik/، في حين يأتي تلفظ هيئة الإذاعة البريطانية (BBC) بصيغة.[ˈzjʊərɪʔk] تهدف الرسالة إلى استقصاء الفوارق الصوتية بين اللكنة الإنكليزية التي يستخدمها لاعبو التنس (من أبناء اللغة الأم وسواهم) وتلفظ هيئة الإذاعة البريطانية (BBC) وتبيان كيفية تسبب ذلك بإشكالية في التشفير وفك الشفرة.

Influence of Contextual Variables on Physical and Technical Performance in Male Amateur Basketball: A Case Study.

Currently, most basketball research is focused on professional and elite players. Studies at the amateur level are important to explain the physical and technical demands of competition and thus improve players’ and teams’ performance. The purpose of the present study was to describe the competitive demands of an amateur-level basketball team and to analyze the influence of different situational variables on the physical and technical performance indicators. Eleven amateur senior basketball players participated in six official final-round games during the 2018/2019 season. External, internal load, and notational analysis were registered by inertial devices, heart rate bands, and video analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis H-test was applied for comparisons based on playing positions, periods, and final quarter game outcome, with the post hoc comparison accomplished by a Mann-Whitney U test. The Spearman correlation coefficient was realized for the relational analysis. The results showed that: (a) guards covered more volume of displacements (effective on-court time: p < 0.01, = 0.05; steps/min: p < 0.01, = 0.28) and the centers performed competitive actions of higher load ([>8G] Imp/min: p < 0.01, = 0.20; jumps/min: p < 0.01, = 0.33); (b) a performance decreasing was found between the first and second half of the game; (c) in balanced matches there was the most individual technical performance (PIR/min: p < 0.98, = 0.01), while in the unbalanced games more high-intensity impacts were seen ([>8G] Imp/min: p < 0.01, = 0.07). The situational variables analyzed had an influence on athletic performance in amateur senior basketball players and should be considered for designing training sessions and planning strategies during official matches.

Evaluate some complex motor performances in the final game of volleyball between Egypt and Tunisia in the African qualifiers - Qualifying for the Olympics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2016

Aim of the research: Identify performances motor composite most widely and commonly used in the final game of volleyball between Egypt and Tunisia in the African qualifying for the Olympics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2016 as following:1-receiving of the area front and rear (direct receiving by foot - direct receiving head - receiving By arms from the bottom by passing for striking - receiving By arms from the bottom to pass it to an existing preparing - receive direct pass to the playground competitor - receiving from the top by passing the striking - receiving from the top by passing the prepared).2-Scrolling from the frontal and rear: (direct scrolling playground competitor - the scroll from the top of the front hit the front - the scroll from the top to hit back - preparation from the bottom of the hit). 3-Beating of frontal and rare: (beating of the scroll from the top of the front - the beating of scrolling back higher - beating of preparation from the bottom) First conclusions: The most important motor composite performances in the receiving directions:performances motor composite in region front (receiver By arms pass it from the bottom of the preparer) the positions (3-4), and (receiving from the top by passing the preparer) positions (2-3-4)performances motor composite in region background (receivers By arms pass it from the bottom of the contagious - Receiving for direct pass to competitor playground -receiving from the top by passing the preparer) positions play (1-6-5)The most important composite performances kinetic scrolling directions:performances motor composite in front of the area scrolling directions (scroll from the top of the front beaten- scroll from the top to the back behind a beaten) positions play (2-3)performances composite kinetic scrolling in the background of the area directions (pass from the top of the front hit the front - direct scrolling playground competitor - the scroll from the top to the back behind a beaten) players position (6)The most important trends performances in the motor composite beatings:performances motor composite trends in beatings of the frontal area (beating of the scroll from the top of the front - beatings of scrolling back up) for players positions (3), (4)First: performances motor composite in the directions of the area beatings the background (beatings of scrolling back up) and play position (1)Second: motor performance composite (beating of the scroll from the top of the front) to play position (1)Third, composite motor performance (beatings of the numbers from the bottom) positions (1), (5) .

Two-population Asymmetric Evolutionary Game Dynamics-based Decision-making Behavior Analysis for A Supply-side Electric Power Bidding Market

This paper systematically discusses two-population asymmetric evolutionary games (2PAEGs) from the perspective of decision-making behavior characteristics, and applies these game models to a two-population supply-side electric power bidding market. First, a 2PAEG model is established. Then, complete evolutionary equilibrium rules of this model are revealed during decision-making processes. Discussion shows that final evolutionary game equilibria achieved in the 2PAEG model are only determined by some payoff parameters, which are defined as relative net payoff (RNP) parameters in this paper. Finally, a case study of supply-side bidding simulation for two generator populations is conducted, which can effectively verify the universality and effectiveness of the evolutionary dynamics results obtained in the established general 2PAEG model. Moreover, it shows that reasonable policies made by the government can guide more appropriate power bidding for onto-grid electricity.

The counting game uses the fuzzy Tsukamoto method

Learning to count on elementary school students must be trained in how to memorize, many practice questions are done repeatedly. This counting exercise needs to be stimulated so that students have the motivation to learn, this kind of training is mostly done by the teacher to students by giving questions in turns in one class as if the students are in a game playing condition. Counting exercises can be applied in the form of games with applied counting operations learning to train students to count quickly. The approach with attractive application visualization is expected to be able to help the learning of elementary school level students, especially class 1. Tsukamoto Method, in each rule is represented using a fuzzy set, using a monotonous membership function. To be able to determine the value of crisp output or firm results. By using the Unity 3D game engine that is capable of making 2D games, the Fuzzy Tsukamoto method is used to determine the final game score. Tests that have been done show that the results of the questionnaire that game 2d on the functionality aspect get a result of 3.97 on a scale of 5.

Physiological and perceptual responses of youth soccer players to an intensified period of competition

Intensified periods of competition create large increase in physical workload and can expose soccer players to numerous playing styles. The purpose of the study was to investigate the response of youth soccer players to an intensified period of competition and assess whether initial fitness influenced outcomes. Elite males across two consecutive years (n1 = 18, n2 = 18) were assessed for lower body strength and high-intensity endurance. Objective and subjective measures of fatigue were collected throughout five-day international tournaments using countermovement jumps (CMJ), a perceptual wellness questionnaire and match GPS data. Mixed effects models quantified the effects of time and fitness on outcomes. In general, results were consistent across both years. No significant interaction effects were obtained between time and fitness variables for any outcome ([Formula: see text] ≤ 6.5; p ≥ .225). CMJ height and power remained consistent across both tournaments ([Formula: see text] ≤ 5.3; p ≥ .262). In contrast, significant ([Formula: see text] ≥ 17.7; p &lt; .003) effects of time were obtained for GPS data with metrics exhibiting U-shape patterns with values returning to initial levels during final games. Greater variation was obtained for perceptual wellness data; however, responses to general muscle soreness and stress levels showed consistent decreases across both years ([Formula: see text] ≥ 12.7; p ≤ .013). Practitioners should be aware that basic measures collected from CMJ and GPS data may not be sensitive to fatigue accrued in youth soccer players across intensified periods of competition. In contrast, simple perceptual measures including general muscle soreness and stress may be more sensitive and assist with implementation of active recovery or load management strategies.

Incentives for green retrofits: An evolutionary game analysis on Public-Private-Partnership reconstruction of buildings

To solve the problems of existing buildings with high energy consumption, the government has organized for private sectors to implement green retrofits for the Public-Private-Partnership reconstruction of buildings (PPP-BR). However, most private sectors are reluctant to implement green retrofits because of high costs, low benefits and long payback periods. The existing literature analyzed PPP-BR projects, barriers and incentives of green retrofits. However, it does not provide any quantitative method to illustrate the effectiveness of incentives and the strategy changes of investment groups. To fill this gap, this paper reveals the game strategy change of encouraging green retrofits and implementing green retrofits in government groups and investment groups through an evolutionary game analysis. On this basis, the case simulation method is used to change the parameters to analyze the incentive effectiveness and the strategy change of green retrofitting by investment groups. It can be found that the final evolutionary game results will take on two forms: first, the government groups encourage green retrofits, and the investment groups implement green retrofits; second, the government groups do not encourage green retrofits, and the investment groups do not implement green retrofits, respectively. When the government groups highly encourage green retrofits, the investment groups will also increase its willingness to implement green retrofits. The simulation results show that reducing costs and increasing benefits will promote green retrofits; however, this incentive measure will be limited by objective conditions. Comparatively speaking, the policy incentive measures are less affected by an objective environment, but positive policy incentive measures will get negative effects. In contrast, negative policy incentive measures that may cause problems will be most effective. Therefore, the combination of positive and negative policy incentive measures will be the better and more moderate way to promote green retrofits for PPP-BR.

Intensity of Soccer Players’ Training Load in Small-Sided Games with Various Content Focus

Summary The aim of this research was to make reference to the difference in heart rate values (HR) of soccer players in small-sided games (SSG) with various content focus. We assumed that the aim at the content in small-sided games would significantly affect the HR values of participating soccer players. The research group was comprised of players (n = 6) of the soccer club FK DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda (U15) at the age of 14 ± 0.7 years. The HR values were evaluated on the basis of collected data, which we obtained using sport testers and special software POLAR TEAM2. In order to find out the statistical significance of the difference in HR was used the One-Way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at 5 %. We found out that by the change of the small-sided game’s content focus, the internal reaction of players’ organism to training load was at different level. In the SSG3, with the emphasis on the improvement of individual’s final offensive game activity – shooting, was recorded the highest achieved HRavg value of the monitored players (181.83 ±7.11 beats.min−1). This form of the SSG was the most intense. However, there were no significant differences in HR values among the individual forms of the SSG. Our recommendation is to employ in the systematic training process small forms of small-sided games with various content focus, because by the means of it we can adequately prepare the players for the match load itself.

Sensitivity of Safe Trajectory in a Game Environment to Determine Inaccuracy of Radar Data in Autonomous Navigation.

This article provides an analysis of the autonomous navigation of marine objects, such as ships, offshore vessels and unmanned vehicles, and an analysis of the accuracy of safe control in game conditions for the cooperation of objects during maneuvering decisions. A method for determining safe object strategies based on a cooperative multi-person positional modeling game is presented. The method was used to formulate a measure of the sensitivity of safe control in the form of a relative change in the payment of the final game; to determine the final deviation of the safe trajectory from the set trajectory of the autonomous vehicle movement; and to calculate the accuracy of information in terms of evaluating the state of the control process. The sensitivity of safe control was considered in terms of both the degree of the inaccuracy of radar information and changes in the kinematics and dynamics of the object itself. As a result of the simulation studies of the positional game algorithm, which used an example of a real situation at sea of passing one's own object with nine other encountered objects, the sensitivity characteristics of safe trajectories under conditions of both good and restricted visibility at sea are presented.

Orchestrating Game Generation

The design process is often characterized by and realized through the iterative steps of evaluation and refinement. When the process is based on a single creative domain such as visual art or audio production, designers primarily take inspiration from work within their domain and refine it based on their own intuitions or feedback from an audience of experts from within the same domain. What happens, however, when the creative process involves more than one creative domain such as in a digital game? How should the different domains influence each other so that the final outcome achieves a harmonized and fruitful communication across domains? How can a computational process orchestrate the various computational creators of the corresponding domains so that the final game has the desired functional and aesthetic characteristics? To address these questions, this paper identifies game facet orchestration as the central challenge for artificial-intelligence-based game generation, discusses its dimensions, and reviews research in automated game generation that has aimed to tackle it. In particular, we identify the different creative facets of games, propose how orchestration can be facilitated in a top-down or bottom-up fashion, review indicative preliminary examples of orchestration, and conclude by discussing the open questions and challenges ahead.

GAME-RELATED STATISTICS THAT DISCRIMINATED WINNING AND LOSING TEAMS IN NLB LEAGUE

The purposes of this study were (I) to examine which game-related statistics can serve to discriminate between winning and losing teams according to final game outcome in NLB League basketball, and (II) to determine the differences in game-related statistics for teams who play in the NLB League and EuroLeague when they win and lose in two competitions. The game-related statistics that were analyzed are 2- and 3-point field-goals (both successful and unsuccessful), free-throws (both successful and unsuccessful), defensive and offensive rebounds, assists, turnovers, steals, blocks made, blocks received, fouls committed and fouls received. Results of the discriminant analysis showed that winning teams differ from losing teams in assists (SC=0.417), defensive rebounds (SC=0.399) and in successful 2-point (SC=0.355) and 3-point field goals (SC=0.325). In balanced games winning differ from losing teams in defensive rebounds (SC=0.388), successful 2-point field goals (SC=0.343) and blocks committed (SC=0.303), and in unbalanced games winners were better in assists (SC=0.434), defensive rebounds (SC=0.304) and successful 3-point field goals (SC=0.353). When the teams Partizan, Olimpija and Cibona played in the NLB League, the difference between wins and losses was in assists (SC=0.395), successful 2-point field goal attempts (SC=0.371) and defensive rebounds (SC=0.326). When they played in the EuroLeague, the difference was only in unsuccessful 2-point field goal attempts (SC=0.414) and blocks received (SC=0.318). Data obtained in this study may be useful for coaches in preparing their teams and analyzing opponents during preparations for competitions.

Changes in northern hemisphere male international rugby union players’ body mass and height between 1955 and 2015

ObjectivesWe sought to establish the effects of professionalism, which officially began in 1995, on the body mass and height of northern hemisphere male international rugby union (RU) players. We hypothesised...

Acute Management of an Abductor Digiti Minimi Strain in a Collegiate Baseball Player: A Case Study

The purposes of this disablement model case study was to describe the case of a collegiate baseball player suffering from an isolated abductor digiti minimi strain. Despite an initial decrease in function, the treating sports medicine staff was able to provide the necessary care to allow the patient to participate in the final games of his career. While the anatomy and function of abductor digiti minimi are well described in literature, there is no documentation of isolated abductor digiti minimi injuries. In this case, the patient injured the medial aspect of his hand when hitting a baseball. The patient experienced immediate pain along with the sensation of “tightening” throughout the hypothenar eminence. The following day the patient reported difficulty with sleeping and daily activities due to pain. Although fracture tests were negative, the patient exhibited significant weakness and pain with fifth finger abduction and flexion leading to physician referral. The team physician noted pain with active ulnar deviation in addition to previous symptoms. At this time the patient was diagnosed with an abductor digiti minimi strain. The patient stated that he was in his final season of competition and wished to continue participating with his team. The patient consented to a treatment plan involving local injection of lidocaine and bupivacaine along with compression via kinesiology tape. Using these methods, the patient was able to participate in the final two games of his career. Following the cessation of baseball activities, the patient noted he had no recurrent symptoms or complications from his injury. When prescribing treatment for patients in a competitive setting, it is paramount that clinicians take into account patient centered values. If there is no risk of significant, long term injury clinicians should attempt to provide patients with the means to participate in activities if they should desire.

Suggestions for Judo Training with Pacing Strategy and Decision Making by Judo Championship Phases.

The present study aimed to compare pacing and decision making of athletes competing in judo, with particular attention paid to effort-pause ratios occurring in the championship phases of the Olympic Games and non-Olympic Games. The sample was composed of 53,403 sequential actions analyzed during 611 performances of the non-Olympic Games (eliminatory n = 330, quarterfinals n = 60, semi-final n = 88, repechage n = 21, third place playoff n = 26, and final n = 79) and 163 from the Olympic Games (eliminatory n = 71, quarterfinals n = 13, semi-final n = 26, repechage n = 20, third place playoff n = 24, and final n = 14). The analysis of effort-pause ratios included separating bouts into states of approach, gripping, attack, groundwork and pause, according to frequency and time. A Markov multi-state model and analysis of variance were applied (p ≤ 0.05). Approach time presented differences of the eliminatory Olympic Games (7.3 ± 3.2 s) versus final non-Olympic Games (6.0 ± 2.2s), and the third place playoff Olympic Games (8.1 ± 2.3 s) versus semi-final (6.2 ± 2.4 s) and third place playoff (5.9 ± 2.1 s) of the non-Olympic Games, and the semi-final Olympic Games (8.6 ± 2.3 s) versus eliminatory (6.5 ± 2.3 s), quarter-finals (6.5 ± 1.7 s), semi-final (6.2 ± 2.4 s), repechage (6.2 ± 2.2 s), third place playoff (5.9 ± 2.1 s), and final (6.0 ± 2.0 s) of the non-Olympic Games. Pause time presented differences of the semi-final Olympic Games (6.8 ± 2.1 s) versus eliminatory (5.1 ± 3.1 s). The present data suggest a focus on pacing strategy during championship phases, which mimic the requirements of judo combats.

Alterations in core temperature during World Rugby Sevens Series tournaments in temperate and warm environments

Purpose: To characterize player core temperature (Tc) across two separate World Rugby Sevens Series (WRSS) tournaments in temperate and warm environments. Methods: Tc was collected in seventeen playing members of one men’s team competing at the Singapore (n = 12) and London (n = 11) WRSS tournaments. Exertional heat illness (EHI) symptoms, cooling strategy use, playing minutes and wet blub globe temperature (WBGT) were also collected. Linear mixed models and magnitude-based inferences assessed differences in Tc between all periods within-and between tournaments and were also used to assess the effect of WBGT and playing minutes on Tc. Results: Several players experienced Tc in excess of 38°C during warm-ups and 39°C during games. The highest mean Tc values were observed in the final game on all days and in Singapore Day Two, there were substantial game-on-game increases in mean Tc. These Tc responses were associated with playing minutes (effect size; ±90% CL = 0.38; ±0.20), although the effect of WBGT was trivial and unclear. Further, there were no differences in Tc between the two tournaments in the different environments. Despite high individual peak Tc values (Singapore 39.9°C; London 39.6°C); no signs/symptoms of EHI were reported, voluntary post-game cooling usage was minimal, and pre- and mid-cooling strategies were not implemented. Conclusions: During WRSS matches, peak Tc values approached thresholds associated with EHI (>40°C) and exceeded those demonstrated to reduce repeated sprint performance (>39°C). Practitioners may consider the use of compatible cooling and heat acclimation strategies to minimize Tc increase and maximize player preparedness and recovery.

Dynamic Games Methods in Synthesis of Safe Ship Control Algorithms

The paper presents application of dynamic games methods, multistage positional and multistep matrix games, to automate the process control of moving objects, on the example of safe control of own ship in collision situations when passing many ships encountered. Taking into consideration two types of ships cooperation, for each of the two types of games, positional and matrix, four control algorithms for determining a safe ship trajectory supporting the navigator’s maneuvering decision in a collision situation are presented. The considerations are illustrated by examples of computer simulation in Matlab/Simulink software of safe trajectories of a ship in a real situation at sea. Taking into account the smallest final deviation game trajectory from the reference trajectory of movement, in good visibility at sea, the best is trajectory for cooperative matrix game, but in restricted visibility at sea, the best is trajectory for cooperative positional game.

Elevated markers of brain injury as a result of clinically asymptomatic high-acceleration head impacts in high-school football athletes.

This prospective observational cohort study of high-school football athletes was performed to determine if high-acceleration head impacts (HHIs) that do not result in clinically diagnosed concussion still lead to increases in serum levels of biomarkers indicating traumatic brain injury (TBI) in asymptomatic athletes and to determine the longitudinal profile of these biomarkers over the course of the football season. Sixteen varsity high-school football athletes underwent baseline neurocognitive testing and blood sampling for the biomarkers tau, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), neurofilament light protein (NF-L), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs). All athletes wore helmet-based accelerometers to measure and record head impact data during all practices and games. At various time points during the season, 6 of these athletes met the criteria for HHI (linear acceleration > 95g and rotational acceleration > 3760 rad/sec2); in these athletes a second blood sample was drawn at the end of the athletic event during which the HHI occurred. Five athletes who did not meet the criteria for HHI underwent repeat blood sampling following the final game of the season. In a separate analysis, all athletes who did not receive a diagnosis of concussion during the season (n = 12) underwent repeat neurocognitive testing and blood sampling after the end of the season. Total tau levels increased 492.6% ± 109.8% from baseline to postsession values in athletes who received an HHI, compared with 164% ± 35% in athletes who did not receive an HHI (p = 0.03). Similarly, UCH-L1 levels increased 738.2% ± 163.3% in athletes following an HHI, compared with 237.7% ± 71.9% in athletes in whom there was no HHI (p = 0.03). At the end of the season, researchers found that tau levels had increased 0.6 ± 0.2 pg/ml (p = 0.003) and UCH-L1 levels had increased 144.3 ± 56 pg/ml (p = 0.002). No significant elevations in serum NF-L, GFAP, or SBDPs were seen between baseline and end-of-athletic event or end-of-season sampling (for all, p > 0.05). In this pilot study on asymptomatic football athletes, an HHI was associated with increased markers of neuronal (UCH-L1) and axonal (tau) injury when compared with values in control athletes. These same markers were also increased in nonconcussed athletes following the football season.

Performance losses following threefold volume increases in soccer-specific training and in small-sided games

ABSTRACTObjectives: The present study analyzes the effects of volume increase on physical performances in soccer-specific exercises performed at high intensity.Methods: 12 young professional players performed three types of soccer-specific exercise: one small-sided game (SSG) and two soccer-specific training (SST: repeated sprints and aerobic runs). Each type of exercise was performed twice, at low and high training volume. Acute and delayed sessions’ effects were assessed by changes in exercise heart-rate (HR) and blood lactate, counter-movement jumps (CMJ), speed and distance achieved during a final game performed after the soccer-specific exercises.Results: In SSG, the volume increase enhanced the time spent in the highest HR zone (P=0.027) and blood lactate concentration (P=0.018). Speed and distance achieved in the final game were lower after SSG than after aerobic-SST exercise (P<0.05). The next morning CMJ decreased after SST exercises (P<0.001). Sessions’ HR was correlated with running distance (r=0.65, P=0.006) and the next morning changes in sprint density was correlated with CMJ performance (r=0.56, P=0.01).Conclusion: Acute negative effects of volume increase appeared after SSG while delayed negative effects appeared after SST. The present study focused on short terms exercise-induced effects; more studies remain required for controlling the full range of needed recovery durations.

Dynamic probability of reinforcement for cooperation: Random game termination in the centipede game.

Experimental games have previously been used to study principles of human interaction. Many such games are characterized by iterated or repeated designs that model dynamic relationships, including reciprocal cooperation. To enable the study of infinite game repetitions and to avoid endgame effects of lower cooperation toward the final game round, investigators have introduced random termination rules. This study extends previous research that has focused narrowly on repeated Prisoner's Dilemma games by conducting a controlled experiment of two-player, random termination Centipede games involving probabilistic reinforcement and characterized by the longest decision sequences reported in the empirical literature to date (24 decision nodes). Specifically, we assessed mean exit points and cooperation rates, and compared the effects of four different termination rules: no random game termination, random game termination with constant termination probability, random game termination with increasing termination probability, and random game termination with decreasing termination probability. We found that although mean exit points were lower for games with shorter expected game lengths, the subjects' cooperativeness was significantly reduced only in the most extreme condition with decreasing computer termination probability and an expected game length of two decision nodes.