Final Edition Research Articles

Networked Nation: Mapping German Cities in Sebastian Munster's ‘Cosmographia’ By Jasper van Putten

In 1550, Sebastian Münster published the fifth edition of his Cosmographia and, with its ‘new beautiful illustrations and maps’, turned it into an international bestseller. He did this by putting together a network of contributors, a group who have attracted interest from book historians including Elizabeth Eisenstein and David Woodward. Based on his Ph.D. dissertation, Jasper van Putten here examines the German views and their network of makers, to question how the creators of the views expressed German identity in them. Between discussions of Münster and his printer, Heinrich Petri, van Putten has chapters on the other professions involved in putting the book together: the artists, middlemen, patrons, draftsmen, and woodcutters, and useful tables listing all these individuals, along with the sources of each view. He discusses the unusual way in which the views were financed, each by an individual patron who was then named and received a complimentary copy of the work. He shows how the convergence of changes in the book market and in European politics led to the obsolescence of the Cosmographia after its final edition of 1628. Neverthless, as van Putten shows, the genre of city books that followed, with views and brief descriptive texts, organized to reflect the territorial states that were evolving, originated in Münster's work.

Development of the Operating Room Professional Nurses Core Competency Evaluation Scale

Objective To develop the Operating Room Professional Nurses Core Competency Evaluation Scale so as to provide an evaluation criterion for career planning and promotion evaluation of operating room nurses. Methods From January 2017 to March 2017, we built item pool of the scale by literature study and consulted 5 experts to form the questionnaire. From April 2017 to October 2017, we selected 443 operating room nurses attending 2017 National Operating Room Nursing Annual Meeting by convenient cluster sampling. The reliability and validity test were carried out for the original questionnaire. Items of the questionnaire were adjusted based on results to the final edition of operating room professional nurses core competency evaluation scale. Results The final edition of the scale included 5 dimensions and 45 items involving professional development ability (12 items) , professional cooperation ability (12 items) , professional management ability (10 items) , perioperative assessment ability (6 items) and basic professional ability (5 items) . The KMO of the questionnaire was 0.975. The Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.983 and Cronbach's α of the dimensions was 0.848-0.973. Conclusions The scale has good reliability and validity. Its content can provide a reference object for career planning of operating room nurses and an evaluation criterion for promotion evaluation of operating room nurses. The quantization of evaluation results can be a basis for operating room personnel training. Key words: Operating rooms; Professional nurses; Core competency evaluation; Scale

FINALISTS

1 4 Y F I N A L I S T S G E O F F R E Y H I L L 1: after Paul Éluard, ‘Couvre-feu’, 1942 So what big deal forbidden doors so who came forth if no escape so what’s to say no-one got through so what the cité interdit that’s how it goes the people starved so there’s a thing the ammo gone so what what if the curfews toll so there so there so there our love 2: after some lines of Pierre Jean Jouve, ‘Gravitation’, 1948 • That all are guilty though a shameful verdict • monstrous as becoming lords of heaven • mortality o’ertravailed in its dying • that the Last Judgement knows not what it does • 1 5 R 3: after André Frénaud, ‘Exhortation aux Pauvres’, 1942 Inescapable as dearth this fury inexpressible our words’ attrition nor yet inseparably single-minded: there will be dawn it is not here assigned us not now as earth grows gravid for the taking something new laboured wails upon the silence: salut! the killing wheel is hereby broken signals abroad tomorrow shall atone us streetlamps hate’s gallows and the eyes for love In preparing Broken Hierarchies: Poems 1952–2012 (2013), the final edition of his collected poems, Geo√rey Hill made a number of additions and revisions to his previous books of poetry. Some of these additions he decided, in the end, not to publish. For instance, he once envisaged, but finally decided against, expanding the poem ‘‘The Oath’’ in The Treatise of Civil Power (2007) so that it would appear as the first in a sequence (collectively entitled ‘‘Finalists’’) to consist of four poems that adapted or responded to French works. The three additional poems he drafted for this purpose, all in response to French verse published in the 1940s, are printed here. Hill’s very free response to some lines from Jouve’s ‘‘Gravitation’’ was itself an extensive revision to the free adaption of Jouve’s poem which he had originally made for the first draft of ‘‘Finalists’’: That all stand guilty though obscene the verdict that love’s an ordure of divine emission hope’s umbilicus a red-raw halter that such monstrosities are lords of heaven that God has masturbated his creation that living’s overlaboured in its dying that death withdraws its terminating labour – nothing scry nothing – that the Last Judgement knows not what it does In the end, Hill dropped all these additions to The Treatise of Civil Power from Broken Hierarchies. – Kenneth Haynes ...

John Algeo, A Life with Language: In Memoriam

John Algeo, A Life with Language:In Memoriam William A. Kretzschmar Jr. (bio) John Algeo died on October 13th, 2019, a month short of his 89th birthday. He had been living for some time near his daughter in Kentucky and had not been well enough to be active in the field in recent years. However, those of us who knew him remember well his many achievements in the study of the English language. Algeo was born in St. Louis, Missouri. After serving in the Korean War, he finished a bachelor's degree in Education at the University of Miami and then an MA and PhD (1960) in English at the University of Florida, where he worked with Thomas Pyles. Algeo wrote that he had first "met" Pyles, though not in person, when he encountered Pyles's book Words and Ways of American English (1952) as an undergraduate at Miami and that that experience took him to Florida for graduate school (Algeo 1981). He wrote that Pyles's writing was "marvelous, witty, captivating" and that "[e]ven now, more than twenty-five years later, I remember clearly the delight that book gave me, the sense of being engaged in wise and sophisticated conversation with a mind that one could only admire" (1981, 285). Many of us would say the same things about John Algeo. Algeo was an instructor at Florida State University for two years and then became an assistant professor at the University of Florida in 1961 and a full professor there in 1970. The following year he moved to the [End Page 221] University of Georgia, where he stayed until he retired in 1994. He was Head of the English Department at Georgia from 1975 until 1979 and continued to be a major figure there in both English and the fledgling Linguistics Program until his retirement. The English Department at the time was one of the principal American centers for the study of the English language, having no fewer than six faculty members in the area when I arrived there in 1986. Algeo was clearly the leader of the group. He also led the interdepartmental Linguistics Program for a time, until it was relocated as a part of the Department of Anthropology and Linguistics (a coup by some of his colleagues while Algeo was out of the country—after that shock he no longer participated). Algeo is perhaps best known for his book, The Origins and Development of the English Language (ODEL), which through many editions has been one of the two best-selling history of English textbooks of its time (with Baugh and Cable, A History of the English Language, most recently the sixth edition, 2012). These two books are primarily distinguished by the abundance of external history in Baugh and Cable and the focus on internal history in ODEL. Thomas Pyles wrote the first two editions of ODEL himself in 1964 and 1971. Algeo collaborated with Pyles in 1970 on a different but equally fine book, English: An Introduction to Language, and beginning with the third edition of ODEL (1982) Algeo carried on as co-author after the death of Pyles in 1980. After a fourth edition in 1993, Algeo changed publishers for the fifth edition in 2004 and sixth edition in 2009. For the seventh and final edition of 2013, he recruited Carmen Butcher as co-author. When Pyles and Algeo were producing ODEL in the last decades of the twentieth century, it was strikingly different from the more historical treatments of the time, like Baugh and Cable, in that it brought linguistics to the fore. Thus John's participation in the Linguistics Program as well as in English at Georgia. He was a conservative scholar—he once told me, "be not the first by whom new things are tried"—but it was clear by 1970 that linguistics would be central for the rest of his career. His work on the history of English led naturally to his role as editor of The Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol. 6: English in North America (2001), which includes chapters by half a dozen present and past members of the Dictionary Society of North America. Algeo also...

An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine by John Henry Cardinal Newman

Reviewed by: An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine by John Henry Cardinal Newman Peter C. Erb An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine BY JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN WITH AN INTRODUCTION, NOTES AND TEXTUAL APPENDICES BY JAMES TOLHURST D.D. Newman Millennium Edition volume XII. Leominster: Gracewing, 2018. lxii + 570 pages. Cloth: £35. ISBN: 9781781820124. In this delightfully well-annotated book, readers are presented with a fine edition of Newman’s An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, a volume, which in many ways reflects much of Newman’s career from his first edition of the work in 1845 (it is the work which marked his turn from Anglicanism to Catholicism) to his reworking of the book thirty years later in 1878 and five (with one small addition in 1881) reprintings during his life to 1890. The lengthy introduction to the volume is well laid out, beginning with an overview of the historical setting of the work. In it the editor briefly reviews the political swirl of Newman’s day from the close of the French Revolution and outlines above all the new thought processes in geology and biology, as well as those made by the industrial revolution generally, noting the impact of the rising “liberal” thought as a whole. In this opening section of his introduction, James Tolhurst quite rightly highlights Newman’s often-quoted section from the Apologia, thus noting its importance for him many years earlier, considering “the world in its length and breadth . . . all this is a vision to dizzy and appal” (Apologia, 242, quoted by Tolhurst, x). Tolhurst frames Newman’s Essay on Development within the context of Newman’s life’s work as a whole before beginning to outline the volume itself. This is evidenced with his reference to Darwin and Huxley, whose impact on the [End Page 108] century came much later than the Essay on Development. He thus places this seminal study in the context of the “whole” Newman, and not only as the significant transitional piece, marking Newman’s turn to Roman Catholicism. Newman began working on the project two years prior to 1845, but, as he noted to his sister in 1843, he had been considering the idea for some twelve years at that point. A large part of Newman’s manuscript of the project remain. Unfortunately Tolhurst did not have the space to discuss this, but in the seventy pages that make up his introduction, he does provide a good outline of the book’s “logical development” as Newman formed the whole and its “development principle,” in which he describes for the reader a simple but accurate outline of the final form of the work. Following this, Tolhurst treats in a general and rather brief section (four pages) the 1845 and 1876 editions, before concluding with an equally brief section on the “impact of the Essay.” With good sense this edition places the pages of the 1878 edition in the margins, allowing the reader to reference the work to earlier studies. One must note as well the excellent annotations to the work. These include not only a full expansion of the publications cited in the work, but of greater use to the modern reader clear and detailed treatment of historical matters, not always obvious to today’s readers. These primarily make the edition useful for contemporary readers and particularly for those who may be only beginning their study of this significant thinker who has influenced not only Catholic, but a wide margin of contemporary thought at large. Peter C. Erb Wilfrid Laurier University Copyright © 2019 National Institute for Newman Studies

Berkeley on the Relation Between Abstract Ideas and Language in Alciphron VII

The argument against the existence of abstract ideas in the Introduction to the Principles is one of Berkeley’s most famous arguments. His view that all our ideas are particular and that the Lockean process of abstraction is impossible pervades his philosophy well beyond the Introduction and even the Principles itself. The role Berkeley’s anti-abstractionism plays in his wider philosophy has been discussed by several commentators in relation to his arguments for immaterialism. However, a great deal less has been said about its role in Berkeley’s philosophy of language. Dialogue VII of Alciphron is Berkeley’s most extended discussion of language and where he develops his alternative to the Lockean theory of meaning. In this paper, by focusing on this dialogue, I examine the crucial connection that Berkeley identifies between how we use language and the supposed existence of abstract ideas. I argue that, as it turns out, we should not see Berkeley’s anti-abstractionism as playing a role in his argument against Lockean semantics of language. Instead, Berkeley’s view is that by providing an alternative to Locke’s theory he removes the need for abstract ideas as explanatory posits. Only once the Lockean theory is accepted, Berkeley thinks, are abstract ideas posited. I argue this reading of the relationship between language and abstract ideas explains why, between early editions of Alciphron and the final edition, Berkeley alters the position of the dialogue’s antagonist, Alciphron, from someone who straightforwardly adopts Lockean abstractionism to someone who does not.

Genetic Resistance to Avian Leukosis Viruses Induced by CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of Specific Receptor Genes in Chicken Cells.

Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs), which are pathogens of concern in domestic poultry, utilize specific receptor proteins for cell entry that are both necessary and sufficient for host susceptibility to a given ALV subgroup. This unequivocal relationship offers receptors as suitable targets of selection and biotechnological manipulation with the aim of obtaining virus-resistant poultry. This approach is further supported by the existence of natural knock-outs of receptor genes that segregate in inbred lines of chickens. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools to introduce frame-shifting indel mutations into tva, tvc, and tvj loci encoding receptors for the A, C, and J ALV subgroups, respectively. For all three loci, the homozygous frame-shifting indels generating premature stop codons induced phenotypes which were fully resistant to the virus of respective subgroup. In the tvj locus, we also obtained in-frame deletions corroborating the importance of W38 and the four amino-acids preceding it. We demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out or the fine editing of ALV receptor genes might be the first step in the development of virus-resistant chickens.

Adam Smith and the conspiracy of the merchants

ABSTRACT Adam Smith famously declared that ‘People of the same trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the publick, or in some contrivance to raise prices’. Although Smith’s hostility to the merchants and the mercantile system is well known, what has not hitherto been appreciated is the full extent to which Smith believed such a ‘conspiracy’ to obtain, how he believed that it came about, and why it would likely prove highly resistant to effective political control. To appreciate this, it is necessary to situate The Wealth of Nations in relation to Smith’s wider assessment of the origins of modern European commercial societies, connecting his critique of mercantilism to his history of law and government, as well as to his late interventions regarding the problematic centrality of political judgement to managing affairs of state. Once this is done, we see that the famous attack on mercantilism in The Wealth of Nations must ultimately be read as Janus-faced, given Smith’s wider assessment of modern European conditions as revealed in the student lecture notes of the 1760s, and the final edition of the Theory of Moral Sentiments.

Charles Bell (1774-1842) and Natural Theology.

Sir Charles Bell, a 19th century surgeon, anatomist and artist, was heavily influenced by the religious practice of Natural Theology, a belief which implied that the world is created by an Intelligent Designer. In the 18th century, William Paley, later Rector of Bishop Wearmouth, wrote the seminal book about Natural Theology. Charles Bell who practised in London and Edinburgh used his artistic skills to underline his teaching of anatomy and surgery. Later, Bell wrote one of the eight Bridgewater Treatises on the Hand. Bell went on to illustrate the final edition of Paley's Natural Theology in which he demonstrated that proof of Design were to be found in the animal frame, reflecting his earlier work on art and human structure. It is concluded that Charles Bell and William Paley's ideals were in harmony with each other, holding the same belief about Creation. This paper argues that Bell's understanding and devotion to Natural Theology allowed him to accurately explain function, realism and expression in the human body, all revealing the direct influence of the Divine Creator.

Workshop Spotlight: PsyPAG Annual Conference 2018

In the final edition of this two-part series, the following article aims to capture a snapshot of a few of the opportunities that PsyPAG Annual Conference 2018 will offer – focusing on workshops. In organising the conference, there was unanimous agreement amongst the organising committee that all workshops should be interactive and engaging, in the hope that, alongside experience of presenting at the conference, delegates will also take home some practical skills and important messages. As of reading – details of all workshops will be available on the conference website –www.psypag2018.com. We look forward to seeing you next month!

Canadian recommendations for laboratory interpretation of multiple or extensive drug resistance in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The goal of this document was to provide Canadian laboratories with a framework for consistent reporting and monitoring of multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO) and extensively drug resistant organisms (XDRO) for common gram-negative pathogens. This is the final edition of the interim recommendations, which were modified after one year of broad consultative review. This edition represents a consensus of peer-reviewed information and was co-authored by the Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network and the Canadian Association of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. There are two main recommendations. The first recommendation provides standardized definitions for MDRO and XDRO for gram-negative organisms in clinical specimens. These definitions were limited to antibiotics that are commonly tested clinically and, to reduce ambiguity, resistance (rather than non-susceptibility) was used to calculate drug resistance status. The second recommendation identifies the use of standardized laboratory reporting of organisms identified as MDRO or XDRO. Through the broad consultation, which included public health and infection prevention and control colleagues, these definitions are ready to be applied for policy development. Both authoring organizations intend to review these recommendations regularly as antibiotic resistance testing evolves in Canada.

Rural Cooperatives Magazine, January/ February 2018 (Final Edition)

Rural Cooperatives Magazine, January/ February 2018 (Final Edition)

The Value of James Joyce by Margot Norris

Reviewed by: The Value of James Joyce by Margot Norris John Whittier-Ferguson Margot Norris. The Value of James Joyce. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2016. 157 pp. Margot Norris is always worth reading on James Joyce. Her first book, The Decentered Universe of Finnegans Wake (1976), showed me and many other aspiring Joyceans of my generation not only a way to read the Wake (and a way to use theory productively in English studies—a lesson that was to become even more important in the decade to come) but also why that reading might matter in aesthetic, sociopolitical, and psychological terms. Her more extensive, ambitious study of Joyce's oeuvre, Joyce's Web: The Social Unraveling of Modernism (1992), brought her formidable abilities to bear on Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, and Ulysses as well. Norris has remained a writer who has never let Joyce's famous difficulties obscure her arguments for the importance of his writings as works of revolutionary art that are always morally and ethically engaged. Her readings of his prose have been so compelling, her formulations of the stakes of those readings so provocative, that she has served not simply as an exegete of these challenging texts; I know from using her books and articles in my own classrooms for many years now that she is a writer whose work recruits new Joyceans to the fold. Her postmillennial projects concerning Joyce are therefore particularly fitting: she has edited a fine edition of Dubliners (2006) in the Norton Critical Editions series. She has published Virgin and Veteran Readings of Ulysses (2011), an intriguing experiment in what we might discover if we approach Joyce as naive readers, fresh to the text and untutored (but also uncontaminated) by the shelves on shelves of criticism that threaten to obscure the blue book of Eccles. Even [End Page 390] her Suspicious Readings of Joyce's Dubliners (2003), which is pitched more to the critic than the beginning student, nevertheless keeps the classroom and readers new to Joyce in mind. Indeed, in this text as well as the 2011 Ulysses study, she employs her titular "virgin reading" approach, reading each story as though for the first time and thereby recapturing the strangeness, the surprises, the questions that we may long since have decided were answered or resolved. Her most recent contribution to the field, The Value of James Joyce, is the most hospitably open-armed of her studies to date. This brief introduction (a little over a hundred pages of text) is a thematically organized guidebook to Joyce's work, from Dubliners through Finnegans Wake. It is perfectly in keeping with Norris's enterprise over the past decade that her latest invitation to Joyceans-in-the-making opens with an introduction and first chapter concerning themselves with "Democratic and Cosmopolitan Joyce" and "The Significance of the Ordinary" in this challenging writer's prose. Emphasizing the demotic, humanistic Joyce for his "ability to fascinate both highbrow academics and ordinary readers" (1), Norris celebrates Joyce's relevance and his appeal: "his willingness to exercise a remarkable generosity in his embrace of all that is human" (2). This generosity is Norris's, too, as she offers new readers ways into Joyce that are themselves of obvious interest and importance. "The value of Joyce's work," she tells us, with characteristic lucidity and conviction at the end of her introduction, "lies in its enormous efforts to enrich our concept of the human—the aim of all art, to be sure, but achieved here in particularly broad and complicated ways" (6). In her examination of "the ordinary" in Dubliners and Portrait, Norris is not only helpful but often revelatory. For examples of the fruits of her studiously down-to-earth approach, I'd single out her descriptions of the psychological and financial intricacies that bind Corley and Lenehan together in "Two Gallants"; her discussion of what occurs in "Counterparts," which turns out "to be the tragedy of the death of the ordinary, of life when ordinariness is imploded at every turn by the drama of human needs, urges, pressures, and violence" (19); and her astute presentation of how much is mundane and daily...

“Si hoc saeculo natus fuisset”

SummaryThe lexicographical part of theCatholiconof Giovanni Balbi of Genoa (d.1286), compiled in 1286, was the dominant Latin dictionary of the 15th century and the first major Latin dictionary to be printed: 24 editions recorded from the 1460s to 1500, another 7 from 1501 to 1520. In the twenty-five years before the final edition, two attempts were made to refurbish it, one by a certain Master Petrus Aegidius in 1499 and one by the humanist Jodocus Badius Ascensius (1462–1535) in 1506. Their editions were meant to maintain the place of a 13th-century dictionary in the world of humanist reference publishing. This paper gives an account of Aegidius’ and Badius’ additions to theCatholicon, emphasising both the intellectual content of their work and the dictionary’s place in the history of the learned book. The paper concludes with an account of how theCatholiconwas driven out of the market by a dictionary compiled in the late 15th century, theDictionariumof Ambrogio Calepino (c.1435–1511), published from 1502 onwards. An appendix sets out the editions of theCatholiconfrom 1499 onwards, with title page transcriptions.

James Lind and the disclosure of failure.

Though James Lind is renowned as a pioneer of the clinical trial, he records the 1747 trial aboard the Salisbury in passing, never followed up on it, never campaigned for clinical trials as a means of medical discovery, and eventually pronounced scurvy an insoluble enigma. The case can be made that in confessing his lack of an unfailing remedy for scurvy and his trouble making sense of the disease's behaviour, Lind did medicine a greater service than by conducting his now-famous trial. At the time, medical progress was hindered by the all-too-common practice of proclaiming success and concealing failure. With his ethos of candour Lind challenged this practice by example; he may have been among the first to do so. Within a few years of the publication of the third and final edition of his A Treatise of the Scurvy, medical tracts began to appear in which the authors (some of whom knew Lind's treatise) took issue with the practice of concealing failure. A concerted attack on the suppression of evidence vivified the concept of evidence itself. Today, with the selective publication of findings distorting the medical literature, Lind's story of admitted failure holds great meaning.

“Swell, swell, my joys”: Ben Jonson, Quotation, and A Help to Memory and Discourse

Sejanus His Fall has always been a succès d'estime rather than a popular triumph. Neverthless, there was an odd and pervasive valency for the speech that opens the play's fifth act, a speech that starts, “Swell, swell, my joys,” and which includes the boast, “I feel my advancèd head/Knock out a star in heav'n.” The soliloquy has an afterlife in printed miscellanies; it was blended with lines from Volpone's first speech; the phrase “knock out a star in heav'n” was turned to by preachers warning of the sin of pride; John Trapp's use of the speech for his biblical commentary was plundered by John Price, Citizen, for the polemic of 1654, Tyrants and Protectors Set Forth in their Colours; and in the year between the Jonson Folio of 1616 and the playwright's journey to Scotland, William Drummond of Hawthornden borrowed directly from the speech for his verse tribute to King James. For all Jonson's punctilious itemising of his tragedy's classical sources, his lines were themselves shaped by a contemporary model: John Marston's Antonio and Mellida. What are we undertaking when we examine an intertextual journey such as this? Is it a case study in Jonson's influence? Is it a meditation upon the fortunes of a single textual item? Alternatively, is it a study of appropriation? The resting place for this essay is the speech's appearance in the third and final edition of Leonard Becket's publication, A Help to Memory and Discourse (1630), an appearance seemingly unique within the Becket canon and one that suggests that Jonson's verse gained an afterlife as a poem.

Buying and Selling Law Books in Qing Beijing

AbstractBeijing was an emerging legal publishing center in late imperial China and at least 60 commercial editions of law books were published there in the Qing. Beijing commercial publishers established close connections with the central government, which enabled them to obtain internal legal and administrative information and to print it for profit. Thanks to their close connections with other printing centers in places like Jiangnan and Jiangxi, Beijing publishers had convenient access to fine editions of legal books in the national book market. In the early 19th century when Jiangnan editions rose to dominance, Beijing publishers adjusted their publishing strategies by republishing Jiangnan editions and reducing the number of their own editions. During the Taiping war, Beijing publishers took the opportunity to expand their business. In the late Qing, Beijing was a flourishing legal printing center, selling a variety of legal books at affordable prices to readers who wanted to learn the law.

Editorial 14.3

Welcome to the final edition of the Journal of University Learning and Teaching Practice for 2017. We would like to acknowledge the significant contributions of our five Associate Editors - Dr Peter Copeman, University of Canberra, Dr Jo-Anne Kelder, University of Tasmania, Dr Tracey Kuit, University of Wollongong, Dr Morag McFadyen, Robert Gordon University, and Dr Vikki Pollard, Deakin University. The first two papers in this issue focus explicitly on assessment activities. In the first paper, Houston and Thompson describe and evaluate an assessment design that aimed to integrate formative assessment with summative assessment in a capstone paramedic subject. The assessment design provided students with feedback tailored to their unique learning needs. Students perceived this assessment as valuable and effective as well as promoting their readiness to practice. In the second paper Braun compares online and in class presentation assessments exploring student perceptions and academic performance with regard to these two assessment modes. This comparison identified that there was no significant difference between the two modes and there is a suggestion that online presentations might even be favoured by students.

Hugo Claus als meervoud. Pleidooi voor een wetenschappelijke documentaire varianteneditie van Claus’ verzamelde poëzie

The selection of a base text for textual edition is not only a matter of literary-historical data or a consideration based on the genetic process or the publishing history of a work of art. Also the poetics or aesthetics of the editor are in some cases decisive for that (final/fundamental) choice. Depending on the poetical ideas of an editor one or another authorized text is chosen for the final edition. In that way the editor’s choice determines the image of a literary work for a cultural community and does so for several years, if not for ever. In some cases we deal with a variety of text versions in a literary archive. Each of these texts is written from an aesthetic point of view and represents a stage in the development of an author. From that perspective it is not only relevant but also necessary to present all full text versions and for instance not only the variants in a specific apparatus. For my article I want to consider the collected poems by Hugo Claus (1929–2008). Four years after his death it becomes necessary to discuss the way in which scientific editors will present the collected works of the Flemish author. I want to suggest an edition with all complete versions of the poems. Claus was a legendary re-writer of his own (and even other’s) literary texts. For instance, when he presented a new collection of his poems in the sixties and the nineties, he worked on a different version. From this point of view, each version represents another or a slightly different poetical vision by the author. The digital medium can provide an environment to present all full text (versions). Also in a published edition I would like to consider a publication of all different versions. Perhaps we have to make a difference between a scholarly edition, intended for researchers who work on the complete works by Claus, and an edition for an interested public (of non-scholars). Although these readers also deserve a complete works by Claus, including all versions of texts Claus worked on during different periods in his writing career.

Latin Literature

Latin Literature