Final Drawings Research Articles

The Effectof Integrated Turkish and Science Activities in Pre-School Education on Children's Environmental Perception

Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of integrated Turkish and science activities in the preschool period on children's environmental perception. Materials and Methods: In the qualitative dimension of the mixed method, a phenomenological design was employed, while in the quantitative dimension, a quasi-experimental design was used. Thestudy conductedwith 20 children.In the experimental procedure, children in both the experimental and control groups were asked to draw an environment picture, and one-on-one interviews were conducted with the children regarding their drawings. The drawings were evaluated using DAET-R and were attempted to be transformed into qualitative form with yellow and blue color tones. Findings: In the final tests, experimental groups’ figures increased in the drawings. It was found that the final test drawings of the children in the experimental group were related to the illustrated books used in the integrated activities. Key Points: As a result of the study, it was determined that the change in environmental perception of the children in the experimental group, where integrated Turkish and science activities developed with illustrated children's books were applied, progressed more prominently compared to the children in the control group.

Los dibujos del escenógrafo Charles Ciceri (1782-1868) El mundo a escena: entre la evocación romántica y la precisión positivista

Set designers’ drawings have a similar instrumental character to painters’ drawings, but unlike painters’ drawings, set designers’ drawings refer to works that are not exhibited in museums, are not studied by art historians and, for the most part, are not preserved. These circumstances explain the usual reluctance to approach set designers’ drawings. However, these drawings have similar characteristics to those of contemporary painters and can give a very accurate picture of the spirit of an era. This is the case with the drawings of Charles Ciceri (1782‑1868), chief decorator at the Paris Opera and the most important set designer of the first half of the 19th century. His drawings, of unquestionable mastery, represent a wide repertoire of sets imbued with a romantic spirit: ancient ruins, medieval fantasies, orientalist evocations, picturesque natures, etc. The typology of the drawings is also varied: sketches from life, sketches and drawings as inventions for final works (decorations, in the case of Ciceri) and drawings with an autonomous value. The variety of techniques and typologies of Ciceri’s drawings is similar to that of the most important painters of the time, although they have a number of specifically ‘theatrical’ nuances, such as the framing of the scenes, the variety of lighting effects, especially the underlining, and – perhaps most importantly – the arrangement in successive planes. These drawings are an exemplary combination of romantic evocation and positivist precision. It is no coincidence that Ciceri was a student, son-in-law and friend of the Romantic painter Isabey, and that his closest collaborator in his early years was Daguerre, inventor of the diorama and father of photography. At this crossroads of aesthetic and multidisciplinary convergences, Ciceri’s drawings are undoubtedly a significant expression of the drawing art of his time.

Identities of Self and Place in Sunset Park: The Unmaking of the Gowanus Expressway

This project explores the intersecting qualities of place, time, and identity through the work of a graduate design studio at Rice School of Architecture. “Identities of Self and Place in Sunset Park: The Unmaking of the Gowanus Expressway,” challenges students to activate a residual urban space through a broad reading of its surrounding cultural, physical, and programmatic site conditions. The project site, located beneath the Gowanus Expressway in Brooklyn’s Sunset Park, is a typical example of how transportation infrastructure of the past bifurcated communities and sent neighborhoods into decline. Architecture designed through the lens of Place, Time, and People can produce responsive spaces that address historical injustices while allowing for multiple readings and experiences.Students began their research with a design methodology based in both direct and remote observation of the project site. They examined the local conditions and expanded into the surrounding neighborhoods, searching for patterns in the constructed environment that reflected a community ethos, or a shared sense of belonging. Responding to the context, students identified and isolated found patterns that held potential for development as spatial experiences.These exercises became the basis for the design of a community center annex for the Center for Family Life in Sunset Park. Using the spatial patterning developed through their research, the students articulated different facets of their selected patterns to generate a range of spaces and conditions—intimate and communal, private and public, interior and exterior. The designs expressed a cohesive reading of the project that emphasized the experience of shared community within a complex and diverse urban environment.Images from the studio’s final projects, including photographs, sketches, renderings, and architectural drawings, will be presented along with the students’ written descriptions to convey their specific design intent and personal methodology within the broader course framework. The products of the studio’s work over the course of the semester show a clear relationship between the methodologies employed and the resultant synthesis of identity, place and structure. The work highlights the possibilities available to designers and architects in working to transform aging infrastructure into spaces of social interaction and community.

DETERMINING THE LEVELS OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND SELF-CONFIDENCE THROUGH DRAWINGS OF CHILDREN AFFECTED BY THE EARTHQUAKE

The aim of this research is to identify behavioral disorders such as post-traumatic anxiety, depression, and self-confidence in their emotional world through the pictures of children who experienced the earthquake. For this purpose, the images of 34 children between the ages of 7 and 9 who experienced the earthquake disaster in Izmir, Türkiye in 2020, were analyzed. In the research, the one-subject research design was used among the experimental designs, which is one of the quantitative research methods. Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in the analysis of the data. According to the findings of the study, it was concluded that children reflected mental health variables such as their depressive levels, self-esteem levels, and anxiety states with the pictures they drew. The scores obtained from the sub-dimensions of anxiety, depression, and self-confidence in the children's drawings evaluated through the scale were higher in the preliminary drawings immediately after the earthquake compared to the final drawings made three months later. It is understood that this finding caused the high scores of the preliminary drawings because they were made right after the earthquake. This situation revealed that the prepared scale was valid and reliable.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0582/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

‘Some Useful Hints for Improving the Elegance and Dignity of her Attire’: Thomas Hope and Henry Moses, Greek Vases and Neoclassical Fashion

Author, artist, designer and collector Thomas Hope (1769–1831) published his influential Costume of the Ancients in 1809 and in an enlarged version in 1812. This article identifies archaeological sources for figures in the plates of Costume of the Ancients and seeks to explain why Hope altered his sources by adding patterns from Greek vases. The process of adding Greek vase patterns is traced from preliminary drawings by Hope at the Gennadius Library in Athens, through a second album of final drawings at the Gennadius Library by Henry Moses, the principal engraver for Costume of the Ancients, and to Moses’s plates in Costume of the Ancients. The argument provides evidence that Hope’s choices of added patterns were made with an eye to how they could serve to improve contemporary Neoclassical dress. That this was Hope’s intention was stated in the 1809 edition of Costume of the Ancients, where he expressed the desire to ‘present to his fair model some useful hints for improving the elegance and dignity of her attire’. Signed etchings from Moses’s Sketches in Outline (1808), an untitled pamphlet of 1808–1809, and Designs of Modern Costume (1812) provided examples of ideal contemporary dress in the Greek style. Moses’s etchings accomplished this by incorporating Greek patterns from Costume of the Ancients, along with its Greek drapery types that were adapted to conform with contemporary dress forms. Unsigned fashion plates from Lady’s Magazine from 1807 to 1809 exhibit these same patterns and drapery types, and may have been designed by Moses.

Time Thinking and Drawing in Designing Dynamic River Landscapes

This visual essay explores the use of time thinking and drawing in the design process of the Ooijen- Wanssum floodplain widening project. Through a series of project sketches, final drawings and photos of the constructed project, the authors reveal the way in which time drawing has (often implicitly) given direction to the design process. The water calendar is introduced as a design tool that integrates time- dependent river dynamics into the design process and thereby informs spatial design choices that are considered in several design sketches. These design choices include interactions with dynamic processes such as erosion, vegetation dynamics and recreational use of the river landscape.

Art Therapy Drawing Protocols for Chronic Pain: Qualitative Findings From a Mixed-Method Pilot Study

This publication presents the qualitative findings from a mixed-method pilot study on three- and four-drawing protocols for chronic pain, which have demonstrated significant positive quantitative results. For this report, thematic analysis and magnitude coding of drawing titles, narratives, and characteristics including resource representations and integration, was conducted. Findings demonstrated positive changes associated with specific drawing protocol prompts and sequences. Participants (N = 25) reported positive changes, demonstrated in part by their final drawings, which integrated depictions of their resources. Findings included positive shifts in cognitive and affective functioning, social support, stress levels, psychological processing, pain experiences, and representations of self. These findings suggested further support for the clinical utility of drawing protocols for chronic pain.

All that is old is new again: Epigraphic applications of photogrammetry in ancient Mesoamerica

The close collaboration between researchers of the Institute of Cross-cultural and Regional Studies, the Copenhagen University Library (KUB) of the Royal Danish Library, and members of the Rigsters 3D Scanning team in the private sector has led to highly productive interchange and applications of some of the most recent photogrammetric modelling, especially with applications to archaeology, cultural heritage and epigraphy. In this paper, we highlight some of the most recent collaborative efforts, focusing on a series of case-studies that are particular to ancient Maya civilization (ad 250–900), especially from archaeological sites in present-day Belize. The photographic documentation, processing and resultant modelling as well as some of the final drawings are presented, as are some of the historic finds that have been brought about by these collaborations.

Moholy-Nagy’s Light Prop for an Electric Stage. Design, Copies and Reproductions

László Moholy-Nagy worked on the prototype for Light Prop for an Electric Stage for eight years, from 1922 to 1930, developing several sketches and designs. The final drawings and model were made with the collaboration of the Hungarian architect Stefan Sebök (István Sebők). The device was built by the AEG company, and it was displayed for the first time in the Werkbund exhibition held in Paris in 1930, where it appeared as an autonomous aesthetic object. This was clearly captured in the film Light Play: Black-White-Gray, in which Moholy-Nagy recorded its kinetic quality in the spirit of the abstract films developed at that time. The film clearly shows the motion of the lighting device as a formal exercise of abstraction using double exposures, special effects and close-ups. The Light Prop underwent several alterations over time to keep it working in a variety of exhibitions around Europe and America. In 1956, after Moholy-Nagy passed away, his widow, Sibyl Moholy-Nagy, donated it to the Harvard Busch-Reisinger Museum, where it has remained ever since. After further damage caused by inappropriate restoration and its mechanical instability, the Light Prop was reconstructed in 1969 for the exhibition From Pigment to Light, celebrated at the Howard Wise Gallery in New York (Tsai et al. 2017). The idea of a copy emerged during the planning of this exhibition to preserve the legacy of Moholy-Nagy’s knowledge. Sibyl Moholy-Nagy finally approved this idea in 1970, allowing the production of two copies, one for the exhibition and the other for the 35th Venice Biennale (1970). Both reproductions were kept and sent to the Bauhaus Archive in Darmstadt and the Van Abbemuseum, where the original device had suffered repeated damage during the KunstLichtKunst exhibition (1966). The essay attempts to trace the timeline of modifications from the original device to the reproductions.

To erase or not to erase, that is not the question: Drawing from observation in an analogue or digital environment

Erasing when drawing occurs for a variety of reasons. While the most obvious may be correction of mistakes, at other times erasers are used to create such things as highlights or marks that introduce particular aesthetic elements. When a drawing is made on paper, partial erasure ‘marks’ can provide a useful record of a drawing’s evolution. For the teacher, this historical record can be a catalyst for helpful commentary and criticism. While programmed to simulate an analogue eraser, in a digital environment the erase function can eradicate a drawing’s history with a single click. We studied analogue and digital tool use behaviours (including erasing) to compare the frequency of erasure and the effect of erasing on observational accuracy in adults between the age of 17 and 64 with various levels of drawing experience from less than two years to more than ten years. The study involved participants making one drawing on paper with traditional drawing tools and one drawing on a digital drawing tablet. We then had the drawings rated for accuracy. Among other interesting results, we found that erasing occurs with greater frequency when participants work in a digital environment than in an analogue one and that, while there were significant tool use differences between the environments, those differences did not result in differences in the accuracy of final drawings indicating the adaptability of our participants using different means to achieve the same effect.

Gardens as Science Learning Contexts Across Educational Stages: Learning Assessment Based on Students' Graphic Representations.

The educational use of daily-life contexts is considered a valuable strategy to promote meaningful science learning, since it facilitates the establishment of connections between previous knowledge, personal interests, and new learning. The aim of this work is to provide evidence to support the presence of gardens at educational centers, by assessing key science topics whose learning is promoted at the pre-school, primary, secondary, and university stages. To this end, we analyzed the paired graphic representations of “a garden” that students drew both before and after their participation in a garden-based learning program. Firstly, we obtained the frequency of appearance of every represented element, and afterward characterized the level of change between paired graphic representations. Sample size was of 24–19–25–29 pairs per stage, respectively. Across all stages, an overall improvement in students’ graphic expression was observed, which can be attributed to their experience in the space. At the pre-school stage, the garden favored the establishment of some simple cause-effect relationships which were consolidated at the primary stage, and provided a climate of motivation and affectivity that was evident in the final drawings, given the enormous quantity of details represented, the level of the finished product, and the careful combination and variety of colors. The presence of elements related to water notably increased in final graphic representations from pre-school, primary, and secondary education, thus evidencing that the use of gardens facilitates an approach to responsible water management. At the university stage, students initially demonstrated good knowledge of conventional agriculture, while the gardening experience -which was based on permaculture practices- helped evolve their ideas toward an alternative model of cultivation. The most prevalent science learning across all stages was related to plant knowledge, particularly to their anatomical traits and diversity. Finally, the role of educational gardens as models for students was evidenced, which suggests the importance of teachers and institutions carefully considering which model to offer. Overall, our results support the legitimacy of incorporating gardens to educational centers, particularly for promoting contact with live plants and plant knowledge, and potentially for promoting contact with garden fauna and activities oriented toward learning about it.

Development of Vibration Test System to Measure Human Biodynamic Responses to Hand-Transmitted Vibration (HTV)

Workers commonly experience hand-transmitted vibrations (HTV) especially in industries involving power tools. Vibration exposure will differ by individuals where prolonged and unmonitored exposure can lead to the development of symptoms known as hand arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). A deep understanding of human response to HTV is required to provide feasible solutions to lessen its adverse effects. Research has been extensively conducted on exploring the vibration transmission to the hand-arm system. However, there is limited study on the effects of handles mounted on a damping material or suspension systems. The objective of this study is to develop a vibration test system to measure the human biodynamic response to hand-transmitted vibration. Engineering design theory were used to formulate the essential design requirements of the system. The evaluation and selection of concepts were done. The design was modelled, and frequency analysis was performed using Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) software. The frequency analysis results showed the first 10 modes in the frequency range of 1320 – 5088 Hz and therefore will not have resonance issues in the 25 – 1250 Hz frequency excitation range as per requirement. The prototype design was shown to comply with the product design specification and final detail design drawings were approved for fabrication. In conclusion, an instrumented handle with a modular expansion slot had been appropriately designed to measure human biodynamic responses due to hand-transmitted vibration.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ BIM МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ ДОРОЖНОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ

Introduction : The subject of the study is transport infrastructure. The paper describes engineering solutions suggested by Hexagon Geosystems Rus and other large companies that conduct construction monitoring using BIM technologies and develop software solutions, services and equipment. It also addresses implementation of such engineering solutions. Purpose of the study : to achieve high level of road maintenance, preserve the existing road network, ensure traffic safety, switch to new methods of infrastructure facilities management by implementing BIM-based projects. Methods : Domestic products keep up with capabilities of modern information technologies and demonstrate BIM capabilities during its use in road infrastructure projects. Russian experts suggest software solutions to create a new environment for economic development, including in the road industry. Results : Documentation based on 3D laser scanning makes it possible to schedule maintenance and repair of transport infrastructure facilities. Data obtained are relevant and objective as the human factor is removed from final drawings and 3D models, thus improving the efficiency of the transport infrastructure facilities management system.

Comparison of EnergyPlus and IES to model a complex university building using three scenarios: Free-floating, ideal air load system, and detailed

The energy performance gap is one of the most discussed issues in the design community since energy modeling became an integral part of the building design process. Different limitations apply to almost every building performance simulation (BPS) software available today and to have confidence in the predictions of whole-building energy models it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of various features, specific capabilities, and disadvantages of BPS tools. The main contribution of this work is the use of three methods of evaluation with different levels of complexity, free-floating, ideal air load system, and detailed method to analyze and compare the capabilities of EnergyPlus and IES to model complex LEED silver multi-purpose university building. Consequently, this study provides new information regarding capabilities of two extensively used BPS tools to model advanced and innovative buildings, and in particular HVAC systems that are increasingly becoming used in high-performance commercial and institutional buildings worldwide. The difference between the total energy consumptions of the EnergyPlus and IES models developed according to the final construction drawings was approximately 2.1%, whereas differences between the heating and cooling loads of the EnergyPlus and IES models with ideal air load systems were 6 MWh (1.7%) and 0.86 MWh (7.8%), respectively. The high consistency between the models’ aggregated predictions are particularly pertinent and encouraging for certification programs such as LEED, which take into account aggregated energy consumption data in their assessments. The findings also emphasize the importance of the modeler's assumptions regarding the modeling of HVAC systems and their impact on the model's predictions.

3D SURVEY TECHNIQUES FOR THE ARCHITECTUTAL RESTORATION: THE CASE OF ST. AGATA IN PISA

Abstract. The historical architectural heritage may be considered as the product of a complex system of interaction between several factors - cultural, socio-economic, technical, aesthetic etc. The restoration and conservation of this important heritage, therefore, requires necessarily a multidisciplinary approach, both in the preliminary phase of knowledge and in the operative one, strictly connected to the first, regarding the development of the restoration works in all their steps, from the project to the realization. The historical-critical analysis of bibliographic, archival and iconographic sources, together with the architectural survey, aims at interpreting all the events that, from the initial project to all the eventual phases of transformation, have lead the monument in its current state. This is therefore a multi-temporal and multi-spatial study in which geomatics gives an innovative contribution for its capability of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering different levels of spatially referenced information. The current techniques of architectural survey, supported by specific methodological skills, are therefore not limited to a mere mathematical-geometrical description of the historical building, but are useful also for many other purposes, such as formal-linguistic analysis, interpretation of the historical phases of transformation, description of the state of degradation/conservation etc. In this interdisciplinary perspective, photogrammetry and laser scanner represent the two main techniques, as they offer the greatest potential of performing integrated surveys. In the last decades, we have witnessed the growth and development of these 3D-survey techniques as alternative or complementary tools to the traditional ones. In particular, in the field of architectural restoration, these techniques have made significant improvements not only in terms of measure precision or reduction of time for survey operations, but also for the possibility to represent and visualize the historical building in its context. These modern techniques of survey, based on the creation of point clouds, are now widely used both in the study of a building and for the thorough description of architectural details and decorations. This paper aims at describing the methodological approach and the results of the 3D survey of the Chapel of St. Agata in Pisa, aimed at its restoration. For the development of a restoration project, the survey drawings must represent not only the geometry of a building, but also the materials and the level of degradation. So, we chose to use both the laser scanner - which guarantees uniformity of the geometric survey precision - and a 3D image-based modelling. The combined use of these two techniques, supported by a total station survey, has produced two point clouds in the same reference system, and allowed the determination of the external orientation parameters of the photographic images. Since these parameters are known, it was possible to texturize the laser scanner model with high quality images. The adopted methodology, as expected, gave back metrically correct and graphically high-quality drawings. The level of detail of the survey, and consequently of the final drawings, has been previously defined for the identification of all the elements required for the analysis of the current state, such as the clear identification and position of all the degradation phenomena, materials and decorative elements such as some fragmented and heavily damaged frescoes.

Shear Zone Treatment at Dam Foundation Level

Foundation is a critical element for any dam. Understanding the foundation and the required treatment is critical to developing the final dam design. However, the design of the foundation does not end with the final design drawings for the Project. During construction foundation conditions need to be evaluated as excavation and construction proceeds to determine if foundation conditions are consistent with assumptions and expectations. Adjustments to the planned excavation or to the design of the dam, including changes in the grout curtain, dam geometry, and other features are often required during construction. This paper discusses the foundation conditions encountered during construction of concrete gravity dam and the associated treatments that were required. To ensure the safety of project, foundation was treated and design adjustments were made. A 2D analysis was carried out using ABAQUS Finite Element Method (FEM) software.

Analysis of cylindrical roller bearings design in order to optimize the classical process using FEM

This paper presents the structural and functional improvement of cylindrical roller bearings using finite element method. This method has a widely application and enjoys by an extended use in structural areas thermal analysis, mechanical and vibration. The advantages of the finite element method (FEM-Finite Element Method) are numerous and important. In case of conception a design it can be studied and modelled the structure behaviour in various media load in real time, therefore, based on the obtained results, the model can be modify before creating the final drawings for execution. Once is developed the CAD model, using FEM method it can be analyse the design structure in detail. Therefore using FEM can save time and money by reducing the required number of prototypes.

Geomorphology of the alluvial fans in Colalao del Valle-Quilmes area (Santa María Valley, Tucumán Province, Argentina)

ABSTRACTThe geomorphological map of the alluvial fans in the Colalao del Valle-Quilmes area represents the first detailed map of the Santa María Valley, Northwest Argentina. The map was made using photointerpretation of aerial photographs and Google Earth images. The initial working scale was 1:10,000 and then reduced to 1:27,000 to fit ISO A1 size. Final drawings were produced using FreeHand 11. The area is characterized by the presence of coalescent alluvial fans developed on four levels. These fans end at the floodplain of the Santa María River. Sand mantles and dunes are present in this area, with old channels of the main river forming abandoned wetlands. A Holocene fault affects the distal area of some fans, whilst the apices of several alluvial fans have archaeological settlements. This study area presents an excellent example of regional Holocene evolution. Recent and present fluvial dynamics, aeolian activity, and the Holocene fault show high geomorphological activity. As a consequence, the information contained in the geomorphological map may be relevant to the establishment of risk areas for human settlements. Moreover, the map could be useful for planning conservation measures for the Prehispanic villages.

Types of Creativity and Visualization in Teams of Different Educational Specialization

This research is the first to examine different types of creativity dimensions in relation to different types of visualization on a team level, by comparing adolescences’ teams of different specialization (visual artist, scientists, and humanities) during a complex creative task in an ecologically valid educational setting First, the difference between all teams’ creative outputs (drawings) was compared in terms of their visual characteristics and represented content based on parameters derived from the content analysis of visual media. Second, the teams’ creative performance was compared using evaluations of experts from different professional domains. Based on the evidence from examination of teams’ creative products (final drawings) and their evaluations by professionals, this research suggests that object visualization is related to artistic creativity and spatial visualization is related to scientific creativity on the team-level. Furthermore, the findings provide a clear indication that assessing general creativity independently of the domain, as it has been done so far in most team creativity literature, might be somewhat limited.

The shopscapes: a tool and a methodology to better grasp kid’s experiences of retailing

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of “shopscapes” the authors define as the imaginary geography each person or group of people builds based on his daily experiences and practices in reference to retail environments and activities and to apply it to children.Design/methodology/approach– The authors develop an original and child-centred methodology, by combining drawings and interviews and the authors focus the approach, not on the final drawings but on the drawing activityper sewhere children work in pairs and collaborate.Findings– The authors demonstrate the validity of the approach by proposing that a drawing can only be validly interpreted through the content of an open verbal exchange with its author/s. The activity of drawing, and of mapping when “shopscapes” are questioned, is interestingly richer and more fruitful than just the final result.Originality/value– The originality of the work lies in the concept of shopscapes and in the methodology used in order to reveal them. The authors intend to reveal the nature and range of children’s “shopscapes” with the objective of providing reliable information about on how children perceive the retailing experience.