Final Disposal Site Research Articles

Pengenalan dan Pemanfaatan Limbah Kaca Menjadi Produk Bernilai

Glass waste is harmful if it is disposed of and mixed with other waste. A special disposal site is needed to avoid injuring the hands and feet of the garbage collectors, especially at the Final Disposal Site (TPA). Glass waste highly consists of silica (SiO2), which is needed in cement. Glass waste is crushed by a mechanical method using a crusher, creating glass powder with an average size of 54 µm. Cement is mixed with glass powder in a ratio of 4:1. Water cement factor (FAS) is used at 0.3. The partners in this community service activity are primary school-age children in Ateuk Lam Ura Village, Simpang Tiga District, and Aceh Besar District. The success of the resulting product is indicated by its compressive strength, the hardening of cement and glass powder, and the product's visual appearance without any visible pores. The product has good strength and looks neat with a solid surface. The compressive strength of the product obtained is 3.21. Partners are interested and can apply glass waste to flower pots properly.

Rancang Bangun Prototipe Insenerator Untuk Sampah Rumah Sakit Dengan Teknologi Pengendalian Polusi Udara

Medical waste has become a major problem today in Indonesia because of the COVID-19 pandemic which has resulted in many hospitals being full of patients, resulting in an increase in medical waste. Handling of waste that is carried out is still not appropriate so that waste accumulates in garbage collection sites and in final disposal sites. As a result, the waste becomes a means of germs, bacteria, and animals that can spread disease to the surrounding environment. One way that is often used is to burn waste to reduce its volume. The incinerator is a modern means of burning waste by using a combustion system up to a temperature of 1000°C and can reduce the volume of waste by up to 90%. The research method used in making the design of the incinerator is starting from the design of the combustion chamber, the manufacturing and assembly stages, until testing is carried out on the tool. The test results from the incinerator can accommodate as much as 5kg to 10kg of waste with a combustion chamber volume of 0.165 m3. The highest temperature of the incinerator is at minute 15 with a temperature reaching 270.6°C, while the lowest temperature is at minute 150 with a temperature of 42.5°C.

Domestic Waste Management Based on Collaborative Governance in Pekanbaru City

Waste management in Pekanbaru City is not optimal, this can be seen from the many piles of garbage on the side of roads, rivers, and bridges this is because there is still a lack of public awareness of cooperation in managing domestic waste in the city of Pekanbaru. stakeholders in domestic waste management is a collaboration involving the government, the private sector and the community in managing domestic waste in Pekanbaru City. This study aims to determine collaborative governance in the management of domestic waste in Pekanbaru City, and to determine the factors that hinder the collaboration of stakeholders in the management of domestic waste. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in-depth interviews, documentation studies and observations. Data analysis was carried out by reducing data, analyzing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of the study found The results showed that waste management in Pekanbaru City still uses conventional methods, namely by sorting, collecting, transporting, processing, and final processing by sending it to the collaborative Muara Fajar Rumbai Pesisir Final Disposal Site. The study also concluded that Stakeholders in the management of domestic waste in the city of Pekanbaru were not optimal, this was due to several inhibiting factors such as the absence of work programs and the lack of awareness to collaborate in the management of domestic waste in the city of Pekanbaru.

Biomass and cardboard waste-based briquettes for heating and cooking: Thermal efficiency and emissions analysis

Waste-based briquettes can be an alternative option that can foster the reduction of waste inflow into final disposal sites and introduce alternative energy sources for cooking and heating in rural areas. In particular, the assumption of waste-based briquettes in Andean areas can be of higher potential, due to the lack of biomass sources locally available and the low environmental temperature that increases the requirements of heating systems. The current research would provide a contribution to the scientific literature by introducing a combustion analysis at 3300 m above the sea level for comparing the thermal efficiency and emissions of sawdust and cardboard waste-based briquettes with conventional firewood for heating and cooking purposes. Laboratory tests were carried out for estimating five combustion efficiency parameters, as well as CO, CO2, and PM2.5 emissions. Results suggested that 80% cardboard and 20% sawdust briquettes increase the boiling time of water by about 30–50% compared to firewood, due to the lower combustion power (−44%). On the other hand, the thermal efficiency increases of about 10–13%, while biomass consumption and energy consumption per minute decrease by about 27% and 44%, respectively. In addition, emissions reduce compared to firewood, from 32.6 g CO kg−1 to 22.9 g CO kg−1 and from 1260 mgPM2.5 kg−1 to 933 mgPM2.5 kg−1. On balance, the research demonstrates that non-recyclable cardboard waste obtained from separate collection and discarded sawdust from sawmills can be employed for briquettes production as alternative fuels for heating systems in Andean rural areas, contributing to reducing waste final disposal and boosting circular systems.

Optimization of multi-frequency electromagnetic surveying for investigating waste characteristics in an open dumpsite

ABSTRACT Multi-frequency electromagnetic (EM) surveying is a type of frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) survey, a new geophysical exploration approach used as a scanning tool to investigate waste characteristics within a final disposal site before electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveying. EM surveys provide information about shallow subsurface conditions; however, to date, no studies on waste bodies or waste characteristics in open dumpsites have assessed the optimal frequency for use in multi-frequency EM surveys. This research aims to determine the optimal frequency set for multi-frequency EM surveying for initial waste quality assessment in open dumpsites. These initial waste quality data are critical to assess the feasibility of open dump mining projects. First, a multi-frequency EM survey was performed in this study, which was measured at the exact electrode positions of the three ERT profiles. This FDEM survey used 15 frequencies ranging from 1,000–⁠15,000 Hz, which were grouped into frequency sets for inversion modeling of the electrical conductivity. Second, an ERT survey was carried out along all three profiles, each of which was around 144 m long. Subsequently, synthetic electrical resistivity data were generated by processing the electrical conductivity model. Data from each frequency set were then generated at the same depth, with interpolation techniques used to analyze the linear correlation between synthetic electrical resistivity and real electrical resistivity data and compare the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) values to determine the optimum frequency set for FDEM surveys in the open dumpsite. The results showed that the E4 frequency set, consisting of 5,000, 11,000, and 15,000 Hz values, typically had the highest positive correlations (R = 0.74–0.91) across all profiles and provided waste characteristics information close to the true conditions. Thus, these frequencies represent the optimal set for multi-frequency EM surveys for the primary assessment of waste characteristics in open dumpsites. Implications: Open dump mining (ODM) is now applied as a sustainable approach to combat improper waste disposal and reduce municipal solid waste (MSW) in the open dumpsite. To implement ODM for producing RDF, business developers must know the amount and composition of waste that can be converted into RDF before mining. This study used multi-frequency EM surveys with frequencies of 5,000, 11,000, and 15,000 Hz. This multi-frequency method effectively determined the waste composition and identified potential excavation points in the open dumpsite prior to ODM. This method can mitigate the limitations of traditional surveying, due to its improved mobility, lower time consumption, and reduced labor needs.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Eco-Enzyme Sebagai Alternatif Hand Sanitizer pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Bagi Masyarakat Desa Mekarsari

Covid-19 health protocol regulations cause limited space for people to move, which has an impact on the social and economic life of the community. This condition gives rise to new habits, people must always maintain cleanliness which causes an increasing people's consumption of cleaners such as hand sanitizers, soaps, disinfectants, and others. In addition, people also often consume nutritious foods such as vegetables and fruit, thereby increasing the amount of household waste. However, housing conditions with limited yards and far from Final Disposal Sites (TPA) create a new problem, namely the accumulation of household waste. This condition is also experienced by the people of Mekarsari Village. The technique of converting organic waste into eco-enzymes plays an important role in reducing the amount of organic waste that ends up in landfill. Through community service activities, the team held an Eco-enzyme Making Training as an Alternative Hand Sanitizer during the Covid-19 Pandemic for the people of Mekarsari Village. Community service activities have been carried out and have been able to educate the public in processing household waste, especially organic waste, into eco-enzymes. Furthermore, the eco-enzyme can be used as a hand sanitizer.

Evaluation of Leachate Recirculation as a Stabilisation Strategy for Landfills in Developing Countries

This study evaluated leachate recirculation (LR) as a stabilisation strategy for landfills using bioreactor experiments with excavated waste from a tropical landfill in Colombia. The experimental evaluation was performed in two 115 L bioreactors, one simulating the operation of a landfill with LR, Br2, where the leachate produced was recirculated at a rate of 0.8 L d−1, and a control system without LR, Br1. Both systems reached stabilisation indicator values on a dry matter (DM) basis for volatile solids VS (<25% DM) and a biochemical methane potential BMP (≤10 mL CH4 g−1 DM). Likewise, towards the end of the experiment, the leachate generated in Br2 reached stabilisation indicator values for BOD5 (<100 mg L−1) and the BOD (biological oxygen demand)/COD (chemical oxygen demand) ratio (<0.1). Although the stabilisation criterion for COD was not met in any bioreactor (<200 mg L−1), LR helped to release 19% more oxidisable organic matter in Br2 than in Br1, indicating a reduction in the contaminating potential of the waste in the case of uncontrolled discharges of leachate to the environment. Regarding biogas production, the generation of CH4 in Br2 was more intense and its cumulative production was 34.5% higher than Br1; thus, Br2 achieved CH4 emission rates, indicating waste stabilisation (<1.0 L CH4 m−2 h−1) sooner than Br1, showing an accelerating effect of LR on waste degradation. A carbon mass balance indicated that waste degradation, in terms of the initial total organic carbon mineralisation and the C gas discharge via CH4, was greater in Br2. These results demonstrate the LR potential to accelerate the stabilisation of a landfill but also to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in final disposal sites where biogas is also captured and utilised for energy production; a key aspect when improving the sustainability of landfill operations in developing countries.

Environmental Movement of KRESEK Kudus Community In Increasing Public Awareness of Environment

<h3><em>Along with the increasing of population density, the problem of waste is threatens environmental sustainability. especially the type of waste that cannot be recycled. The amount of waste produced by residents in Kudus Regency is very large. Every day, the garbage that enters the Tanjungrejo Final Disposal Site (TPA) reaches 130 tons. TPA Tanjungrejo has an area of 5.6 hectares and is currently unable to accommodate the waste. The waste problems have encouraged the Kresek Kudus community to initiate an environmental conservation movement. This research aims to determine the effort of KRESEK to increase public awareness about environment. This research uses a qualitative approach and descriptive method. The primary data in this research were obtained by in-depth interviews towards the leader and volunteers of KRESEK Kudus, while the secondary data was conducted by literature study. The results of this research consist of (1) maintaining the continuity of the movement through the cadre of environmental agents, especially among young people; (2) building cooperation with stakeholders and village communities; and (3) using social media to campaign for environmental awareness. </em></h3>

WASTE BANK AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO COMMUNITY-BASED WASTE MANAGEMENT

This study aims to (1) find out and analyze how the waste bank program is managed, and (2) find out and analyze how the benefits of the waste bank program are as an effort to empower the community. The type of research used is normative legal research. The data obtained from this study were secondary data obtained through a literature study, then the data obtained were analyzed qualitatively juridically through a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of this study indicate that (1) the Waste Bank in its implementation can reduce the high number of waste in the community and in the final disposal site (TPA). Thus, through the Waste Bank, it is an alternative solution for the government and the community in reducing the increasing volume of waste. (2) Community-based waste management as an approach to waste management based on the active participation of the community. Environmental management requires the facilitation and implementation of community-based efforts as a strategy for empowering and increasing their access to environmental resources. The benefit of the Waste Bank for the community is that it can increase people's income because when they exchange their waste they will get a reward in the form of money collected in the account they have.

Municipal solid waste management in Bandung, Indonesia: is incineration the right way to treat your waste?

Globally, the most used waste treatment method is landfilling, although (improper) landfilling, which is typical for developing countries, has no material or energy recovery possibility compared with other treatment methods. In Indonesia, open dumping on final disposal sites covers most of the treated waste, which is an even worse method than landfilling in terms of environmental issues. The main objective of this article is to evaluate the feasibility of the waste-to-energy solution/waste incineration approach for proper and sustainable waste management in Bandung. A big issue of municipal solid waste is the organic portion of waste, as most emissions and pollution come from organic waste and improper handling. A specific objective is to conduct the risk analysis of an incineration plant model and to compare the environmental impact of incineration vs landfilling. The input data for the assessment will be obtained from the laboratory analyses of solid waste samples collected from the Sarimukti disposal site. The lab analyses will comprise the determination of fractional composition (biodegradable and non-biodegradable compounds like food waste, paper, textiles, plastics) and physico-chemical properties (such as moisture content, calorific values, trace elements). The research will also include general calculations of energy balance and economic costs of the incineration plant. Thus, the selected criteria will assess the following aspects of the incineration plant model: technical, environmental, social, energy, and economic.

Analysis of Air Pollution Level In Settlement Area Using Passive Sampler Method

Air pollution, especially in big cities in Indonesia, has reached a very worrying level. The main sources of air pollution come from various human activities, including industry, transportation, offices, and housing. These various activities are the biggest contribution of air pollutants that are released into the free air. In this study, observations and measurements of air pollution levels were carried out in the Final Disposal Site (FDS). The absence of good waste management in Sinjai Regency has triggered the community to manage waste by means of Open Dumping, where waste is simply dumped in a landfill without any treatment. Pollutant gas originating from the landfill will produce harmful gases, including Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and others. This study aims to determine the concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) in Final Disposal Site (FDS) Tondong and in residential areas around Tondong FDS, Sinjai Regency by using the passive sampler method. The test results obtained are the NO2 value at point 1 which is 3.69 g/m3, point 2 is 5.25 g/m3, point 3 is 3.1 g/m3 and point 4 is 7.1 g/m3 with an average value The average NO2 parameter test is 4.785 g/m3. While the SO2 value at point 1 is 4.46 g/m3, point 2 is 7.34 g/m3, point 3 is 8.47 g/m3 and point 4 is 5.93 g/m3. The average value of the SO2 parameter test is 6.55 g/m3. Calculating the Air Quality Index based on the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number 27 of 2021 concerning the Environmental Quality Index, air pollution at the Tondong Landfill is worth 93.14 indicating the very good category.

Analysis of Air Pollution Levels Due to Methane (Ch4) Emissions at Final Disposal Site

Methane gas, often known as CH4, is created by landfills and is considered to be one of the greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. The anaerobic breakdown of the organic matter that is present in trash is the process that leads to the release of methane. Methane emissions are likely to increase if the Final Disposal Site's garbage is allowed to continue to accumulate in larger mounds without being processed further. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of methane that is already being released at the Dhaka landfill and to forecast the amount of methane that will be released from the Dhaka landfill over the following ten years. As a point of reference, the IPCC Waste Model Calculation method is used in the process of calculating methane emissions from Final Disposal Sites. According to the findings, the amount of garbage generated reached 0.449 kg per person each day, with organic waste making up the majority of the waste's composition. At the Dhaka Final Disposal Site, the potential value of methane emissions is 2.24 Gg/year, and according to the projections for 2026, this value will increase to 4.968 Gg/year. The socialization of reduce, reuse, and recycle procedures as well as the creation of the already existent Open Dumping Landfill are two examples of mitigation and adaptation measures that might be advocated to others.

Solid Waste Inventory for Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo

As a result of a documentary investigation, the solid waste inventory of the Mezquital Valley (VM) region was generated, which is in Hidalgo State in Mexico, and it is integrated by 28 municipalities. The main purpose was to identify the sources of waste that produce Urban Solid Waste (MSW), Special Management Waste (SHW) and Hazardous Waste (HW). For this purpose, several research articles and waste inventories developed for several cities and countries were reviewed and studied because some of them show generation indexes for each source and in some cases for each person. These indexes were applied to calculate waste for each source and sector of municipalities. The sources of reviewed documents include some government offices such as Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI), Secretaria de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER) and the Servicio de Informacion Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP). Collected data were grouped by municipalities according to source type and waste type, which were used for representing environmental problems of Hidalgo state by hierarchy. Total solid waste generated in MV region is 5,041,445 t/year, with 92% are SHW, 7.63% are MSW and only 0.37% is for HW. A comparison of total solid waste generated in Mexico show that MV region contributes with only 1%, even when this region is one of the biggest in Hidalgo with 30% of the total population of the state. According to INEGI, in Mexico, 92% of final disposal sites are inappropriate and only 8% are landfills with appropriate disposal. For MV region, the final waste disposal is inappropriate because only 18% of its 28 municipalities deliver their waste into landfills.

Pengelolaan Perancangan Sarana Prasarana Berbasis Lokal di Desa Pemo Kecamatan Kelimutu Kabupaten Ende melalui Kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata Mandiri

This article presents some of the main problems at the University of Flores 2021 Independent Real Work Lecture Location in the Pemo Village, Kelimutu District, Ende Regency. Partner needs: so that clean water can be reached in hamlet locations that have not yet been distributed clean water and every hamlet is required to have a clean water reservoir, in order to maintain a healthy environment so that garbage is not handed over, every hamlet is required to have a final waste disposal site and wants to have a website for marketing. Problems faced: Environment, Social, Technology and Clean water facilities. Methods of Implementation: lecture method, direct practice in mutual cooperation, evaluation after carrying out activities and suggestions for village government. The results of the activity: held discussions with village officials regarding the existing infrastructure in Pemo Village, had carried out Musrengbangdes activities at the village office, had carried out social service work every week at the village office location, village roads, and the hamlets in Pemo Village. Each hamlet already has a landfill, as well as creating a website for marketing local creative products, especially Tenun ikat. Community participation and support is quite high, where the community is active in implementing work programs so that what they want can be achieved and feel satisfied.

Pendampingan Smart Home Anak Pemulung di Sekitar TPA Supit Urang Kota Malang

Supit Urang is a Final Waste Disposal Site (TPA) in the city of Malang. People living around the TPA use the Supit Urang TPA as a place to earn a living. There are children who are lazy every day to help their parents. As a result, children's motivation to learn becomes low to take education, especially school. This Community Service is carried out in the village of Mulyorejo, Malang City. The purpose of this service is to assist elementary school students in learning. This assistance is carried out with the Smart Home concept. The method implemented in this service program is mentoring for elementary school students, totaling 26 students. The results of Smart Home assistance are carried out by providing assistance in learning to read, write, and count. So that assistance provides benefits to improve the cognitive abilities of children around the Supit Urang TPA, Mulyorejo village, Malang City.

Analysis of the Potential for Alternative Fuels Refused Derived Fuel from Waste Briquettes at the Sidoarjo Regency Final Disposal Site

The Griyo Mulyo Jabon Final Waste Processing Site (TPA) in Sidoarjo Regency with a waste generation reached 350 tons/day had the potential to be processed into raw material for Refused Derived Fuel (RDF). RDF fuel had come from waste residue briquettes contained the composition of paper, wood, cloth, rubber, and plastic (4K1P). Briquettes that can be used as raw materials for RDF were those that have characteristics according to SNI standards. This study aimed to determine the percentage of the composition of briquettes that have the potential to produce RDF and the standard quality of the resulting RDF. The reseach was conducted by taking waste samples every week four times with variations in detention time of 2, 4 and 6 hours.a. The method of calculating the value of RDF standard quality was in accordance with SNI 01-6235-2000 with the parameters analyzed were water content, ash content, volatile/steam content and calorific value. The results showed that the best briquette composition produced from 4K1P waste residue was in samples with a composition of 20% wood, 10% paper, 10% rubber/fabric, and 60% plastic. The best quality briquettes with 5.5% moisture content, 4.9% ash content, 15.9% steam content, and calorific value 8996 cal/gram.

Penentuan Wilayah Lokasi Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Sampah Kabupaten Kediri Jawa Timur

This study was conducted to determine the location of the final waste disposal site in Kediri Regency. The district has a very large potential for waste generation, on the other hand it only has one landfill location, while the location is close to the airport development plan, thus requiring a new location that is adequate, strategic, economical and environmentally friendly. The methodology used is a qualitative research method, using primary and secondary data, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, literature study and documentation. Determination of the location of an adequate, strategic, economical and environmentally friendly waste landfill site is carried out through regional analysis, allowance analysis and determination. Based on this analysis, alternative locations for landfills in Kediri Regency are generated in four villages located in two sub-districts, namely Mojo Village and Sukoanyar Village in Mojo District and Selopanggung Village and Sidomulyo Village in Semen District.

Appropriate management of earthquake generated waste: Lessons from the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador

The earthquake that hit Ecuador on April 16th, 2016, generated immense devastation to the province of Manabi and created large volumes of debris and waste. This study aims to analyze the lack of a pre-disaster plan that affected the 2016 earthquake waste management. Without an acceptable method, the maker-decisions that faced proximate and fundamental problems fell into turmoil which consequences the disposal of debris confined in makeshift and a low rate of recovery of recycling materials. Data was collected through surveys addresses to total medium and small-sized scrap businesses (n=22) in Portoviejo city in October 2019. In addition, statistical information from public and private agencies was obtained. The results of this study showed limitations in the 2016 earthquake waste management process such as lack of landfill areas, lack of temporary and final disposal sites and organizational limitations in the recycling process and material recovery. In addition, 2016 earthquake generated approximately 7,561,219.81 m3 of debris in Manabí, of which 6.9% was in Portoviejo. In the first month post-earthquake, 13,500,000 kilograms of ordinary and hazardous waste in Portoviejo city were collected, of which 20% was reused or recycled.

Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair Dari Limbah Dapur Bagi Kelompok Tani

The increasing volume of waste, especially household waste, and there aren’t any yet of Final Disposal Sites (TPA) and Temporary Disposal Sites (TPS) in Rantau Panjang Village, Rumbai Barat District, Pekanbaru City, requires waste management with simple technology. The application of simple technology is expected to give optimal results in processing and controlling household waste. One method that can be developed is to convert household waste into liquid fertilizer. With the geographical condition of Rantau Panjang Village which is still green, there are several community groups doing simple agriculture. However, with the high price of chemical fertilizers, household spending has increased. For this reason, it is necessary socialization and train to process household waste into Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC). The training was conducted for several farmer groups in Rantau Panjang Village, Rumbai Barat District. From this socialization, hoped that it will reduce community agricultural spending.

Important factors for public acceptance of the final disposal of contaminated soil and wastes resulting from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident.

Large-scale decontamination work has been carried out in the aftermath of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident in Japan in 2011. The soil that was removed and the wastes that were generated during the decontamination will be finally disposed of outside Fukushima Prefecture by 2045. To ensure successful and socially acceptable implementation of this final disposal process, it is essential to have a good understanding of what is considered important by the public. We used a choice-based conjoint analysis in the form of a web-based questionnaire to examine the relative importance of several factors in the choice of the final disposal sites of the removed soil and incinerated ash of the wastes. The questionnaires covered four attributes and 12 levels, namely the distance between the disposal site and a person’s residential area, procedural fairness (decision process), distributive fairness (direct mitigation of inequity through multiple siting locations), and the volume and radioactivity of the substances to be disposed. Responses were received from 4000 people nationwide, excluding Fukushima residents. The results showed that the respondents gave high importance to choosing sites that were far from residential areas and to the two types of fairness, especially distributive fairness. The respondents showed no preference for the volume and radioactivity. This indicates that the public cares about the fairness of the siting for the final disposal sites and feels uncomfortable with plans for a final disposal site located close to them. Distributive fairness is necessary to pursue consensus in addition to procedural fairness.