Pressure Filtration Research Articles

Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Potential Evaluation of a Coal Mine Based on Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis

Due to the non-renewability of coal resources and the effect of excessive resource loss on the economic development of enterprises forming a constraint, breakthroughs in high energy consumption to achieve energy saving and emission reduction in coal mines represent an important way to promote the development of coal enterprises. This paper takes the energy-saving work of the Wuyang coal mine, which is very representative of China’s Shanxi Province, as an example, and uses hierarchical analysis to establish an assessment system for energy conservation and emission reduction in coal mines. We adopted on-site research, expert scoring, and project guidance to divide the factors affecting energy conservation and emission reduction in the Wuyang coal mine into 24 categories, and we then used fuzzy mathematical calculations to assess potential, which is of better practicability. The study shows that the grade of energy saving and emission reduction in the Wuyang coal mine is of a medium level, and the potential of energy saving and emission reduction is large. The main influencing factors are improving the recovery rate of refined coal, renovating pressurized filters, eliminating high-energy-consuming equipment, optimizing the parking process, replacing the flotation machine, and ensuring the intelligent management of power metering. According to the relevant factors derived from the energy-saving and emission reduction work at the Wuyang coal mine for implementing the relevant measures, we provide a reference for the work of energy saving and emission reduction in mines in order to promote the sustainable development of the coal mining industry.

Fate of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in the “Cambi® TH + AAD” of sludge in a WWTP in Beijing, China

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are emerging environmental pollutants that cause endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Sewage sludge is an important source of tri-OPFRs that are released into the environment. The occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk of OPFRs in the full-scale “Cambi® thermal hydrolysis (TH) + advanced anaerobic digestion (AAD) + plate-frame pressure filtration” sludge treatment process is closely related to the application of sewage sludge. We tested sludge samples from a wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China. Nine tri-OPFRs were detected in the sludge samples collected at different treatment units during four seasons. The ΣOPFRs decreased from 1,742.65–2,579.68 ng/g to 971.48–1,702.22 ng/g. The mass flow of tri-OPFRs in treated sludge decreased by 61.4%, 48.9%, 42.4%, and 63.9% in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, effectively reducing the corresponding ecological risk. The ecological risk of tri-OPFRs in sludge in forestland utilization mainly lies in chlorinated tri-OPFRs, especially TCPP and TCEP. No >42.20 t/hm2 of sludge could be used continuously for one year to prevent tri-OPFRs from exceeding the low ecological risk level, indicating that the current commonly applied proportion of sludge (1.6–30 t/hm2) will likely not raise the ecological risk of tri-OPFRs.

Influence of Melt Infiltration Parameters on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Al-4.3wt.%Cu-EP Syntactic Foam

The present research concerns fabrication of Al-4.3wt.%Cu metal syntactic foams using expanded perlite particles (EPPs). A gas pressure infiltration technique was employed to fabricate the aluminium syntactic foams under different infiltration temperatures and pressures. Ambient air pressure and 750 °C were identified as the favoured processing conditions for full infiltration of the melt. The average density and EP volume percentage of the fabricated foams were measured to be about 1.55 g/cm3 and 50.3%, respectively. Melt infiltration is believed to be mainly controlled by the breakage of the aluminium oxide layer on the melt surface and melt viscosity. Preferential infiltration of the melt between the mould wall and the EP particles bed complemented by radial melt infiltration toward the centre of the samples was identified. The effects of EP particles on growth of the nucleated primary α-aluminium phase were discussed. XRD and EDS analyses suggested some chemical reactions at the interface of EPPs with the molten aluminium. T6 heat treatment in the ambient atmosphere improved the average compressive tensile strength, plateau stress, and absorption capacity of the syntactic foams by more than 100%. Uniform deformation and similar densification strains (about 40%) of the as-fabricated and heat-treated syntactic foams during the compression test suggested uniform distribution of EP particles and metallic struts in the aluminium alloy matrix.

Numerical simulation of diesel particulate filter performance optimization through pore structure analysis

Based on the theory of spherical filled bed, the internal porous media filter wall of the Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) is assumed to fill the filter wall of the unit cell. Since particle trapping by DPF is a dynamic process, the particle deposition characteristics inside DPF are simulated by numerical simulation in this paper. The influence of macroscopic incoming flow parameters and microstructural parameters on DPF filtration performance is investigated, and then the optimization window that can improve DPF filtration performance is explored. The results show that increasing the exhaust temperature and incoming particle concentration leads to an increase in the filtration efficiency and pressure drop of DPF, while the higher the filtration velocity, the lower the filtration efficiency of DPF. In addition, the larger the porosity, the higher the filtration efficiency and pressure drop of DPF, while the increase in the average pore size and pore size distribution range leads to a decrease of the filtration performance of DPF. On this basis, evaluation indexes that can evaluate the filtration performance of DPF are proposed to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the substrate parameters of DPF.

High damage-tolerance nacre-inspired TiB2/Al-Cu composites with adjustable mechanical performance based on heat-treatment condition tuning

High damage-tolerance nacre-inspired TiB2/Al-Cu composites are successfully prepared by freeze casting and pressure infiltration. The obtained composites have a great application potential as lightweight structural components due to their high strength and toughness. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the nacre-inspired TiB2/Al-Cu composites are characterized, and their fracture and toughening mechanisms are also investigated. The results show that both the as-cast and heat-treated TiB2/Al-Cu composites possess excellent mechanical properties, which can be attributed to several toughening mechanisms, including the passivation, branching, deflection, and bridging of cracks. These are due to the Al phases in the ceramic layers, as well as the plastic deformation of the Al-Cu layers and the interconnected network structure. The heat treatment can significantly improve both the strength and toughness, which can be attributed to the decrease of the crack propagation possibility resulted by the decrease in the Al2Cu content after heat treatment, as well as the existence of metal bridges and the pull-out behavior resulted by the high plasticity of the Al matrix. This study demonstrates that mechanical properties of high damage-tolerance nacre-inspired TiB2/Al-Cu composites can be controlled by tuning the heat-treated conditions, which can be beneficial to the industrial application of such composites in the manufacturing of components such as brake discs and protective armors.

Rejection and fouling of track-etched microfiltration membranes by Acholeplasma laidlawii: Clues to mycoplasma behavior during “sterile” dead-end filtration

Mycoplasma contamination is commonplace during processing of biopharmaceuticals necessitating its sterile filtration. Consequently, we measured the passage of Acholeplasma laidlawii (a small bacterium lacking cell wall like mycoplasma) across track-etched membranes rated at 100 nm and 220 nm that are designated as “sterile filters” and analyzed the entire progression of fouling beginning with pore occlusion before transitioning to a cake. Initial biofouling was quantified to be intermediate blocking before bacteria formed highly compressible cakes. Under identical experimental conditions, phase inversion membranes of the same nominal pore rating rejected A. laidlawii to a significantly greater extent suggesting depth filtration and capture within the polymer matrix in contrast to surface capture by their track-etched counterparts. A facile fluorescence microscopy method to rapidly detect slow-growing A. laidlawii cells was demonstrated under conditions of low retention. Evidence of cake relaxation by depressurizing the filter and subsequent mobilization of individual cells upon re-pressurization is given. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrated the pressure-induced deformation of individual cells resulting in their incomplete rejection by membranes with pore ratings smaller than the bacterium's unstressed diameter: (i) complete retention of rigid silica colloids of similar size, shape, and zeta potential regardless of pressure in contrast to incomplete A. laidlawii removals, (ii) reduced bacterial removal by both membranes with increasing filtration pressure, (iii) 150–600 fold less permeable bacterial cakes at any given pressure compared with silica cakes, and (iv) presence of flattened and irregularly shaped A. laidlawii cells in electron micrographs whereas they were near perfect cocci at atmospheric pressure.

Enhancing shear strength and handleability of dewatered clay-rich coal tailings for dry-stacking

Mineral tailings dams pose high pollution risks to the environment and catastrophic failures. Dry stacking has been identified as a promising alternative to mitigate these risks and offers various benefits to the mining industry but lacks systematic research outcomes. To facilitate dry stacking, coal tailings slurries were dewatered using either filtration or centrifugation methods, resulting in a semi-solid form (cake) that can be safely disposed of. The handleability and disposability of these cakes are greatly influenced by the selection of chemical aids (such as polymer flocculants) and the mechanical dewatering technique employed. The effects of polyacrylamide (PAM) flocculants with a range of molecular weight, charge, and charge density are presented. Coal tailings samples with differences in clay mineralogy were dewatered using press filtration, solid bowl centrifugation, and natural air drying. Handleability and disposability of the tailings were assessed by their rheological properties, including yield stress, adhesive and cohesive stresses, and stickiness. Residue moisture, type of polymer flocculants, and clay mineralogy were found to be crucial factors affecting the handleability and disposability of the dewatered cakes. The tailing yield stress (shear strength) increased as the solid concentration increased. In the semi-solid regime (above 60 wt% solids), the tailings displayed stiff exponential growth. Similar trends were observed for stickiness and adhesive/cohesive energy of the tailings with a steel (truck) surface. Adding polymer flocculants increased the shear strength of the dewatered tailings by 10–15%, thus favouring disposability. However, the polymer selection for coal tailing handling and processing is a trade-off between its disposability and handleability, which requires a multi-criteria decision-making process. The current results also suggested that cationic PAM could be most suitable for dewatering by press filtration, while anionic PAM should be selected for dewatering by solid bowl centrifugation.

Numerical Model of Pressure and Velocity Fields in Axisymmetric Filtration in an Imperfectly Penetrated Stratum

Numerical Model of Pressure and Velocity Fields in Axisymmetric Filtration in an Imperfectly Penetrated Stratum

Experimental Study on the Effects of Applied Electric Field on Liquid Infiltration into Hydrophobic Zeolite

A nanofluidic energy absorption system (NEAS) is composed of nanoporous material and functional liquid with high energy absorption density. Applying an electric field to adjust the energy absorption characteristics of a nanofluidic system will open broader prospects for its application. In the current work, ZSM-5 zeolite was adopted as the nanoporous material and water, a 25% KCl solution, and a saturated KCl solution were adopted as functional liquids to configure NEASs. Pressure-induced infiltration experiments were carried out to study the infiltration and defiltration characteristics of the NEASs under the action of an applied electric field. The results show that the introduction of an applied electric field can weaken the hydrogen bonds between molecules, thus reducing the equivalent surface tension and contact angle, changing the infiltrability of liquid molecules into the nanopores, and reducing the infiltration pressure of the system. In an electrolyte solution/zeolite system, the anions and cations move close to the two plate electrodes under the action of an external electric field, and the fluid properties in the central zone of the pressure chamber are close to the water/zeolite system. For both an ultra-low conductivity liquid and an electrolyte solution/zeolite system, applying an electric field can effectively improve the relative outflow rate of liquid, thus improving the reusability of the system.

Influence of extrusion pressures on shape memory properties of carbon fiber/basalt fiber hybrid composites with graphene oxide fabricated by the vacuum infiltration hot pressing system

AbstractThis work investigated the extrusion pressure‐microstructure‐shape memory properties relationship of carbon fiber/basalt fiber hybrid composites with graphene oxide (GO‐CF/BF hybrid composites), and the associated mechanism was systematically discussed. GO‐CF/BF hybrid composites were fabricated by the vacuum infiltration hot pressing system (VIHPS). The critical infiltration pressure of the composite was calculated according to the dynamic infiltration model, and it was 0.09 MPa. The microstructure and shape memory properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a shape memory testing system. The results showed that the shape fixation ratio first decreased and then increased, but the shape recovery ratio and the shape recovery force tended to initially increase and subsequently decrease with the increase in extrusion pressure. This was mainly determined by void defects. When the extrusion pressure was 0.5 MPa, the shape memory properties of the composite were excellent. Furthermore, with the increase in cycle times, GO‐CF/BF hybrid composites were damaged, and the shape memory properties all decreased. When the extrusion pressure was 0.7 MPa, fiber fracture and delamination appeared in composites, and the shape memory properties deteriorated significantly. However, when the extrusion pressure was 0.5 MPa, the fiber was fractured slightly, and the shape memory properties degenerated vaguely.

Sandwich structured chitosan-aerogel nonwoven filter with asymmetric wettability and pore size differences for high-efficient oil-mist filtration

The removal of oil mist is essential for industrial process and worker’s occupational health, as the oil mist will not only damage the industrial production device, but also increase human inhalation exposure risk. Traditional filters focus on high-efficiency low-resistance structured design for air filtration, while there is little research on cyclically sustainable filters for oil-mist filtration. Here, we developed a chitosan aerogel based on sustainable sandwich structure filter (NW-CS-Nylon 6) with thickness-direction asymmetric wettability and pore size differences, including polypropylene nonwoven fabric, chitosan aerogel and Nylon 6 nanofibrous membrane. Spray-coating was used to endow the Nylon 6 nanofibrous membrane with oleophobicity, and provide the whole filter with directional oil-transport function. Results revealed that the initial filtration efficiency and pressure drop of the oil-mist was 99.4%, 0.5 kPa, respectively. Remarkably, the ultra-high filtration efficiency of 99% and 98% was still maintained when the filtration was carried out for 50 and 100 times. Compared with traditional filters, it had higher filtration efficiency and lower pressure drop when continuously recycled, which had important research significance for filter recycling and energy saving in the future.

40Ar-39Ar dating, fluid inclusion, and isotopic constraints on the timing, fluid evolution, and deposition of the polymetallic Nuocang Pb–Zn deposit in the western Nyainqêntanglha belt

The Nyainqêntanglha polymetallic belt (NPB) is western China's foremost skarn Pb–Zn metallogenic belt. Significant progress has been made in determining these ore deposits' age and origin. However, the precipitation mechanisms and mineralization controls for these deposits remain unresolved. 40Ar/39Ar dating, fluid inclusion (FI), and H-O-S-Pb isotopic data are presented for the Nuocang deposit, a newly discovered polymetallic Pb-Zn skarn deposit in the western NPB, with the goal to trace age and, especially, the major fluid processes associated with hydrothermal evolution leading to the precipitation of ore. The muscovite yields an 40Ar-39Ar plateau age of 59.68 ± 0.60 Ma, which closely resembles typical skarn deposits within the NPB, indicating that it formed during the main collisional stage of the India–Eurasia continent. In the Nuocang base-metal skarn deposit, three ore-related stages can be discerned and subdivided: 1) the pre-ore stage, containing the prograde and early retrograde metasomatic skarn minerals, 2) the syn-ore stage, including the late retrograde metasomatic minerals and sulfides, and 3) the post-ore stage of quartz, calcite, and chlorite alteration. Correspondingly, three types of FI (L, V, and S type) have been identified. The ore-forming fluids evolved from moderate to high temperature between 340 and 440 °C primarily, but up to 571 °C, and moderate to high salinity (concentrated ∼8–18 wt% NaCl-equiv., but up to 48.1 wt% NaCl equiv.) in the pre-ore stage. During the syn-ore stage, the fluids were at low to moderate temperature (between 200 and 320 °C) and low salinity (∼2 to 12 wt% NaCl-equiv.) and developed in low temperature (∼120–200 °C) and low salinity (∼2–8 wt% NaCl equiv.) in the post-ore stage. The calculated δDH2O values of the transparent minerals were −180 to −106 ‰ during the pre-ore stage, −141 to −59 ‰ during the syn-ore stage, and −152 to −105 ‰ during the post-ore stage. The δ18OH2O values were −1.2 to 3.8 ‰ during the pre-ore stage, −4.7 to −2.3 ‰ during the syn-ore stage, and −10.9 to −5.0 ‰ during the post-ore stage, respectively.Based on these results, the magmatic fluids appeared to have gradually evolved into meteoric. Meteoric water is believed to play a significant role in metal deposition within magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Locally, boiling is also considered another key mechanism for ore precipitation. The S-Pb isotope values of the sulfide metals indicate that the metallogenic materials were predominantly derived from an upper crustal source mixing with minor amounts of mantle–derived components. This study suggests that the fluid mixing is related to geostatic pressure variations and infiltration of meteoric waters into the hydrothermal system and are key mechanisms triggering Pb-Zn ore deposition in the NPB.

In-situ SEM investigation on the damage behavior of an interpenetrating metal ceramic composite

For the investigation of interpenetrating materials, the microstructure and the associated damage mechanism are crucial for the understanding of its properties. In this work, an aluminum-alumina interpenetrating composite is investigated and characterized regarding the microstructure and the tensile and compression properties during in-situ SEM experiments. The composite is fabricated by gas pressure infiltration and consists of a highly homogeneous and fine-pored Al2O3 preform and an AlSi10Mg cast alloy. Due to the fine-pored ceramic phase, building a strong contrast to the metallic phase, digital image correlation (DIC) could be applied directly on the SEM images, captured during the in-situ experiments, without the need of a speckle pattern on the surface. The microstructure analysis and DIC results were correlated with the load level, derived from stress-strain curves, to achieve deeper understanding from the damage behavior in interpenetrating metal ceramic composites.

Fabrication and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Zirconia Ceramics with 58S Bioglass via Vacuum Pressure Infiltration for Dental Implant

Due to its excellent biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, and favorable aesthetic effects, zirconia ceramics is considered as a potential dental implant material. However, the biological inertness of zirconia results in a lack of osseointegration. Herein, a newly modified zirconia ceramic with 58S bioglass (BG) is fabricated via vacuum pressure infiltration method. The effects of BG sol infiltration time on the microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties, mineralization ability, surface profile and roughness, ions release, protein adsorption, and cell behavior in vitro of zirconia ceramics are investigated. The zirconia ceramics have a micronano surface structure as well as active ions’ releasing ability, improving the osseointegration ability of it synergistically. Compared to unmodified zirconia ceramics, BG‐modified zirconia ceramics not only maintains excellent mechanical strength, but also can enhance the bioactivity, cell adhesion, spreading, and osteoblast differentiation. Besides, the results of q‐polymerase chain reaction show that BG‐modified zirconia ceramics can promote the expressions of osteogenesis‐related genes, including collagen type I (Col‐I), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), compared to the control group. In summary, research suggests that BG bioactive zirconia ceramics can be a potential candidate for dental implant.

Electrochemical Treatment of Dye Wastewater in a Filter Press Type Electrochemical Reactor

Electrochemical Treatment of Dye Wastewater in a Filter Press Type Electrochemical Reactor

#4581 EVALUATION OF THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF SGLT2 INHIBITORS AND GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONIST ON TOP OF RAS BLOCKADE IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

Abstract Background and Aims Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and some glucagon-like-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) have demonstrated to delay diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression. Potentially, the combination of these two therapeutic approaches on top of the standard of care with renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockers could exert additive cardiorenal protection in the diabetic milieu. The present study aimed to evaluate the cardiorenal protective effects of the combination of SGLT2i and GLP1-RA on top of RAS blockade versus the monotherapies on top of RAS blockade in experimental diabetes. Method Twelve weeks old male and female uninefrectomized (UNx) db/db mice were treated for 8 weeks with an SGLT2i (empagliflozin, 10 mg/Kg/day five days a week) and/or a GLP1-RA (semaglutide, 10.0 nmol/kg twice per week) on top of a RAS blocker (ramipril, 8 mg/Kg/day). Vehicle-treated UNx db/db and non-diabetic (db/m) mice were included as controls. During the experiment weight, food and water intake, blood glucose, blood pressure (BP) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured. Kidney and heart were collected at the end of the experiment. Results The vehicle-treated UNx db/db showed increased body weight, food and water intake and blood glucose as compared to the vehicle-treated UNx db/m (Fig. 1A, B and C, p = 0.03, p<0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively). The GFR slope (ΔGFR, difference between final and basal GFR) was also significantly higher in the vehicle-treated UNx db/db vs the vehicle-treated UNx db/m (Fig. 1D, p = 0.02), a typical feature of incipient DN. All treatments significantly decreased systolic and diastolic BP as compared to vehicle-treated UNx db/db due to its ramipril component (Fig. 1E). Further, both empagliflozin and semaglutide (alone or combined) on top of ramipril lowered blood glucose in UNx db/db (Fig. 1C, p<0.001 vs vehicle UNx db/db in all cases) but semaglutide component maximized this effect. Food and water intake was decreased in UNx db/db treated with semaglutide on top of RAS blockade (alone or combined with empagliflozin) as compared to vehicle-treated UNx db/db (Fig. 1B) although no differences in body weight were noted between treated and untreated UNx db/db (Fig. 1A). A trend towards ΔGFR decline was observed in UNx db/db treated with empagliflozin and semaglutide on top of RAS blockade (Fig. 1D). Finally, heart weight but not kidney weight was significantly lower in all treated UNx db/db as compared to vehicle-treated UNx db/db (Fig. 1F). Conclusion Our preliminary results show that addition of semaglutide to empagliflozin therapy on top of RAS blockade could have synergic hypoglycemic effects. Further, although more research is needed, both empagliflozin and semaglutide in combination with ramipril trended to ameliorate diabetic hyperfiltration and decreased heart weight in a DN mouse model which suggests cardiorenal beneficial effects.

X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) to Scan the Structure and Characterize the Mud Cake Incorporated with Various Magnetic NPs Concentration: An Application to Evaluate the Wellbore Stability and Formation Damage

The X-ray computed tomography method has provided unrivalled data about the characterization and evolution of the internal/external structure of materials by analyzing CTN and non-destructive imaging approach. Applying this method on the appropriate drilling-fluid ingredients plays a significant role in generating proper mud cake quality to stabilize wellbore, and avoid formation damage and filtration loss by preventing drilling fluid invasion into the formation. In this study, smart-water drilling mud containing different concentrations of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) was used to assess the filtration loss properties and formation impairment. Conventional static filter press, non-destructive X-ray computed tomography (CT) scan images and high-resolution quantitative measurement of CT number method were used to estimate the filtrate volume and characterize the filter cake layers, hence evaluating the reservoir damage through hundreds of merged images. The CT scan data were combined with the HIPAX and Radiant viewer digital image processing. The variation in CT number of mud cake samples under different concentrations of MNPs and without MNPs concentration were analyzed, and hundreds of 3D images as a cross-sectional profile were used. This paper highlights the importance of MNPs property in terms of minimizing filtration volume and improving mud cake quality and thickness, and hence improving the wellbore stability. From the results, a notable reduction of filtrate drilling mud volume and mud cake thickness to 40.9% and 46.6%, respectively, were recorded for drilling fluids incorporated with 0.92 wt.% of MNPs. However, this study asserts that optimal MNPs should be implemented to guarantee the best filtration property. As confirmed from the results, increasing the MNPs concentration beyond the optimal value (up to 2 wt.%) increased the filtrate volume and mud cake thickness by 3.23 and 33.3%, respectively. CT scan profile images show two layers of mud cake produced from water-based drilling fluids possessing 0.92 wt.% MNPs. The latter concentration was found to be the optimal additive of MNPs as it caused a decrease in filtration volume, mud cake thickness, and pore spaces within the structure of the mud cake. Using the optimum MNPs, the CT number (CTN) shows a high CTN and density material, and uniform compacted thin mud cake structure (0.75 mm). The produced thin mud cake layer reveals the precipitation or exchange of elemental/mineral composition during fluid-solid interaction. These results confirm that MNPs could help in avoiding or reducing the formation damage, driving away drilling fluid from the formation, and improving borehole stability.

Renal Oxygen Demand and Nephron Function: Is Glucose a Friend or Foe?

The kidneys and heart work together to balance the body's circulation, and although their physiology is based on strict inter dependence, their performance fulfills different aims. While the heart can rapidly increase its own oxygen consumption to comply with the wide changes in metabolic demand linked to body function, the kidneys physiology are primarily designed to maintain a stable metabolic rate and have a limited capacity to cope with any steep increase in renal metabolism. In the kidneys, glomerular population filters a large amount of blood and the tubular system has been programmed to reabsorb 99% of filtrate by reabsorbing sodium together with other filtered substances, including all glucose molecules. Glucose reabsorption involves the sodium-glucose cotransporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 on the apical membrane in the proximal tubular section; it also enhances bicarbonate formation so as to preserve the acid-base balance. The complex work of reabsorption in the kidney is the main factor in renal oxygen consumption; analysis of the renal glucose transport in disease states provides a better understanding of the renal physiology changes that occur when clinical conditions alter the neurohormonal response leading to an increase in glomerular filtration pressure. In this circumstance, glomerular hyperfiltration occurs, imposing a higher metabolic demand on kidney physiology and causing progressive renal impairment. Albumin urination is the warning signal of renal engagement over exertion and most frequently heralds heart failure development, regardless of disease etiology. The review analyzes the mechanisms linked to renal oxygen consumption, focusing on sodium-glucose management.

Removing of cationic dyes using self-cleaning membranes-based PVC/nano-cellulose combined with titanium aluminate

This research used the phase inversion approach to construct polyvinyl chloride nanocellulose@titanium aluminate nanocomposite membranes (PVC/NC@TALCM) to adsorb and filter dye from wastewater. FTIR, XRD, and SEM were used to determine the adsorptive nanocomposite membrane that had been synthesized. The thermal and electrical properties measurements were carried out using a static system. The influence of several adsorbent dosages, pH, and dye concentrations on the nanocomposite membrane’s adsorption ability was investigated. Using a dead-end filtration system, the PVC-NC@TALCM was evaluated as a pressure filtration membrane system. It was found that 98.6% of MB dye was removed by PVC-NC@TALCM membrane, which was loaded with 5% titanium aluminate at pH 10. The kinetic adsorption studies indicated that the adsorption of MB onto the PVC-NC@TALCM nanocomposite membrane obeys pseudo-second-order that indicates the chemosorption process. The isotherm data were described using Freundlich and Langmuir models, and the Freundlich isotherms were shown to be more closely match the experimental data than the Langmuir model. Finally, the PVC-NC@TALCM nanocomposite membrane was economical, environmentally friendly, and self-cleaning.

Drilling Pipe Corrosion Reduction Using Natural, Biodegradable, and Environmentally Friendly Additive to the Drilling Fluid

Corrosion is one of the disasters attacking the drilling tools, particularly the drill pipes. Drilling fluid is the corrosive that increase the rate of corrosion in the pipes. In this study, it is intended to reduce the corrosivity of drilling fluid using a Prosopis farcta powder material. A natural, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly additive is added to the fluid in different particle sizes and amounts to obtain the lowest corrosion rate. Experiments are conducted in a well-like environment (high pressure high temperature filter press) over a wide range of parameters including pressure, temperature, and properties of the drilling fluid under dynamic conditions. The aim is to eliminate or reduce the corrosivity of the mud as well as to control the losses. The results showed a lower corrosion rate, 0.0029 mm/year, using P. farcta material in comparison with those obtained by researchers in the previous studies.