Filter Paper Disc Method Research Articles

Taste function in Sjögren’s syndrome patients with special reference to clinical tests

Objective: We analyzed the correlation between taste functions and clinical features in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). Methods: Sixty-three patients were divided into two groups: group A consisting of patients with primary or secondary SS of the European classification, and group B consisting of non-SS complaining of dry eye and mouth. Results: Eighteen percent of the group A patients and 11% of the group B patients complained of taste disorders. Electrogustometric examination detected taste disorders in 27% of the group A patients and 38% of the group B patients, while the filter paper disc method showed taste disorders in 30% of group A and 40% of group B. In group A, unstimulated and stimulated salivary flows were correlated with the ability to discriminate taste analyzed by the filter paper disc method, but not with the taste electrogustometric threshold. Serum zinc concentration was not significantly correlated with taste disorders in either group. Conclusion: Our findings showed that SS patients presented taste disorders less frequently than previously reported, and we speculated that taste disorder found in SS patients were due to the salivary flow deficiency that might prevent substances from reaching the taste buds.

Clinical Experiences of the Medication to Taste Disturbance by Serum Trace Deficiency

Serum zinc deficiency is known to be a major cause of taste disturbances, but the effects of serum iron deficiency on taste disturbances are not widely known. In the present study, we clinically investigated the relationship between taste disturbances and serum iron deficiency as well as the results of pharmacological therapy. The clinical and serological test results of 25 patients with serum iron deficiency (3 men and 22 women; mean age +/- SD, 56.1 +/- 16.5 years) were reviewed at the Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital of Hyogo College of Medicine. All of the patients had been seen at the hospital between January 1999 and February 2003. Electrogustometry (EGM) and the filter paper disc method (FPD) were used to measure taste function. The patients were treated with iron and zinc supplements. The age distribution of the patients peaked at the ages of 40 and 70 years. The ratio of males to females was 1:7. Based on the EGM results, 70% of the patients exhibited taste disturbances. The FPD results showed that the recognition threshold of sour tastes was slightly higher than that of the other tastes. No significant difference in the results of treatment was seen, regardless of the duration of the deficiency. These results suggest that treatment with iron and zinc medicine is useful for correcting taste disturbances caused by serum deficiencies of trace elements.

Wirkung von Cetirizin und Fluticasonpropionat- Nasenspray auf Symptome und Entzündungsmediatoren der saisonalen allergischen Rhinitis

Antihistamines and topical corticosteroids represent the established first-line therapy of allergic rhinitis. We compared the effects of oral cetirizine versus fluticasone propionate nasal spray on symptoms and concentrations of inflammatory mediators in nasal secretions of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis during the pollen season. In a randomized double-blind study, 30 patients with birch and grass allergy received either 10 mg cetirizine p.o. (CET) and a placebo nasal spray or 200 μg fluticasone propionate nasal spray (FP) and a placebo tablet OD for ca. 4.5 months covering the birch and grass pollen season. Daily nasal and eye symptoms were registered using a diary card and were analyzed under consideration of daily pollen load. Nasal secretion was collected by the filter paper-disc method and concentrations of histamine and ECP were measured by ELISA. Regarding the total symptom score made up of nasal and eye symptoms throughout the study, no significant difference between the 2 patient groups was found. In contrast, the analysis of the total nasal symptom score (TNSS) showed significantly better results for the FP group in the course of the season, if only days with a pollen count > 20/m 3 were evaluated (p = 0.0197). Cetirizine, on the other hand, showed a clear tendency to stronger effects on eye symptoms using the same method of evaluation (p = 0.0584). Concentrations of histamine and ECP in nasal secretions were significantly lower under medication with FP. The study demonstrates that by separately analyzing nasal and ocular symptoms under consideration of the intensity of the pollen flight a more differentiated assessment of the effects of anti-SAR medications is possible. Especially in regions characterized by a rather fluctuating pollen flight, evaluation only of those days with high pollen load may yield an essential gain of information. The results on liberation of inflammatory mediators confirmed the greater anti-inflammatory effect of the topical glucocorticosteroid. It can be suggested that a combination of the 2 therapeutic principles is reasonable for subjects with moderate to severe nasal and ocular symptoms.

Course of Recovery from Taste Receptor Disturbance

The course of recovery from taste receptor disturbance was studied in 119 patients with moderate-to-severe taste receptor disturbance that was cured or improved with zinc therapy. Taste receptor disturbance was idiopathic in 45 patients, drug-induced in 38 and due to zinc deficiency in 36. Recovery of taste, evaluated by filter paper disk testing and electrogustometry, followed 1 of 3 patterns: (i) in 54 (45.4%) of the 119 cases, taste improved simultaneously in the anterior (innervated by the chorda tympani nerve) and posterior (innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve) portions of the tongue; (ii) in 53 (44.5%) of the cases, taste improved in the posterior portion first; and (iii) in 12 (10.1%) of the cases, taste improved in the anterior portion first. Zinc therapy was more effective in patients with the "posterior" pattern of recovery, and these patients also recovered the ability to sense sweet and bitter tastes earlier than other tastes. These results indicate that recovery of taste begins on the posterior portion of the tongue, which has an abundance of taste buds. The results of electrogustometry were not helpful in assessing recovery from taste disturbance, but testing for taste using the filter paper disk method on the posterior portion of the tongue was useful for identifying the onset of recovery.

Sensitivity of Three Loci on the Tongue and Soft Palate to Four Basic Tastes in Smokers and Non-smokers

The filter paper disk method was used to determine the map of the 4 tastes (sweet, salty, sour and bitter) on the tongue and soft palate in 69 healthy individuals. The equipment used for testing included filter paper disks 8 mm in diameter and taste solutions, which were sequentially diluted (in 13 stages from 80% sucrose, 12 stages from 20% NaCl, 12 stages from 8% tartaric acid and 14 stages from 4% quinine hydrochloride). The threshold at which each taste was recognized in three locations (center of the tongue tip, foliate papillae on the left side and center of the soft palate) was determined by testing increasing concentrations of each solution. We found no difference by sex for sweet taste but women were more sensitive to sour taste on the tongue tip and to salty and bitter tastes on the soft palate. No difference in taste threshold was noted at the different locations for sweet, salty or bitter tastes, but both sexes were less sensitive to sour taste on the soft palate than on the tongue tip, and in men the soft palate was even less sensitive to sour taste than the tongue root. Smoking was associated with increased (worse) taste thresholds for all four tastes, for both men and women.

Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Zinc Picolinate for Taste Disorders

A total of 73 patients with an idiopathic zinc-deficiency taste disorder completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of zinc picolinate. Patients in the zinc treatment group ( n = 37) received 29 mg of zinc picolinate orally by capsule 3 times a day for 3 months. No significant difference was noted between the treatment and placebo groups in terms of improvement in subjective symptoms or whole-mouth taste sensation. However, assessment of taste using the filter paper disk method showed significantly better improvement for the group given zinc, and the serum zinc level was also significantly higher in this group than in the placebo control group.

Intraoperative Identification of Regenerated Chorda tympani Nerve and Its Relationship to Recovered Taste Function

This study demonstrated a simple method of repairing the severed chorda tympani nerve and a method of intraoperative identification of regenerated nerves, and evaluated taste function of regenerated nerves. Seven patients who underwent staged tympanoplasty and whose chorda tympani nerve was severed during primary surgery were evaluated. When the chorda tympani nerve was severed during primary surgery, proximal and distal stumps were anastomosed or approximated almost in the original position and fixed with fibrin glue on the temporal muscle fascia used to reconstruct the eardrum by the underlay method. During primary surgery, end-to-end anastomosis was possible in 3 patients but nerve gap defects remained in the other 4 patients. In all 7 patients, regenerated nerves were identified during secondary surgery not in the tympanic cavity but in the submucosal layer of the previously reconstructed eardrum. In all patients, complete or incomplete recovery of taste perception was observed by both the filter paper disk method and electrogustometry, suggesting that the regenerated nerves had actual taste function. From these results, it was concluded that the severed chorda tympani nerve could regenerate in the reconstructed eardrum even if nerve gap defects remained between the proximal and distal cut ends, when repair or approximation of the nerve was properly completed.

放射線治療が味覚に及ぼす影響

The adverse effects of radiotherapy for cancer in the head and neck region include impairment of the sense of taste and smell and dry mouth. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of such radiotherapy on the sense of taste, in view of its influence on the quality of life of patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck following treatment.In 18 patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck (mean age, 59.9 years) the sense of taste was tested using the filter-paper disc method, serially before and after radiotherapy with 60Co γ rays, in order to analyze the changes in gustatory threshold after radiotherapy. The patients were also observed for subjective symptoms, including dry mouth and impairment of the sense of taste, and changes in the lingual surface over the course of radiotherapy.No increase in the gustatory threshold or subjective impairment of the sense of taste was noted after radiotherapy when the field of irradiation did not include the tongue (4 cases of laryngeal cancer). When the field of irradiation included a part of the tongue (3 cases of maxillary cancer, 3 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer, 1 case of epipharyngeal cancer) or the entire tongue (2 cases of lingual cancer, 2 cases of cancer of the floor of the mouth, 3 cases of mesopharyngeal cancer), dry mouth was noted after irradiation at 7.2-39.6 Gy, and the gustatory threshold increased after irradiation at 12-40 Gy. Subjective impairment of the sense of taste was also reported after irradiation at 10-25.2 Gy, which was restored to normal within 2-3 months after the end of radiotherapy. In relation to the quality of taste, the gustatory threshold for sweet tastes increased the slowest, and was restored rapidly. In contrast, the gustatory threshold for sour tastes increased most rapidly, and was restored slowly. The relationship between the serum zinc level and the increase in gustatory threshold was unclear. There was a tendency for the lingual surface to become dry with associated redness, swelling of the lingual papillae, and coating of the tongue as the radiation dose increased.The increase in gustatory threshold after radiotherapy appeared to depend on the surface area of the tongue included in the field of irradiation. Based on the results of the present study we suggest that impairment of the sense of taste following radiotherapy is attributable to a disorder of the taste buds occurring at the level of the peripheral nervous system.

Synthesis of Some New Fu Sed/Spiro of Benzoindole Derivatives and Their Biological Activity

AbstractA series of fused and spiropyrazolones, pyrimidinthiones, thiazolidinones and β‐lactams incorporating benzoindole derivatives have been synthesised by cyclocondensation addition reaction and cycloaddition reaction of hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine, thiourea, mercapto acetic acid and monochloroacetyl chloride. The pre pared com pounds were tested for anti bacterial and fungicidal activity. Gram‐negative bacteria (Bacilluscereus), as well as the fun gus was used for this purpose. The biological assay was determined according to the filter paper disc method. Assay plates were incubated at 30°C one day for the bacteria and three days for the fun gus (British pharmacopoeia commisson, 1102m, London 1963). The test results show that the components have a strong and sat is factory effect.

Gustatory Changes Associated With the Menstrual Cycle

We studied changes in the palatability and gustatory functions as they correlate with the menstrual cycle in 30 healthy females with regular menstrual cycles. The gustatory function was investigated by conducting electrogustometry and by the filter-paper disk method with taste solutions in the follicular and luteal phases of the same subjects. The responses to a questionnaire revealed that appetite was enhanced prior to menstruation in 14 cases (46.7%). The results of electrogustometry showed that the threshold in the domain of the chorda tympani nerve was 0.3 ± 3.4 dB in the follicular phase and −0.9 ± 2.8 dB in the luteal phase. Although the threshold in the luteal phase indicated a statistically significant decrease ( p < 0.05), the difference was so small that the change could not be subjectively discriminated. The threshold in the domain of the glossopharyngeal nerve was 2.6 ± 4.0 dB in the follicular phase and 1.7 ± 3.9 dB in the luteal phase, with no significant difference between the two values. Gustatory thresholds as obtained by the filter-paper disk testing were not significantly different between the follicular and luteal phases. Thus, although the taste function may change through the menstrual cycle, changes in gustatory thresholds are minimal and remain within the normal range.

Detection of human immunodeficiency virus-1 DNA, RNA and antibody, and occult blood in inactivated saliva: availability of the filter paper disk method.

Eighty three samples of saliva were collected from 60 subjects who were asymptomatic carriers of AIDS related complex (ARC) and AIDS. They included hemophiliacs, homosexuals and heterosexuals. Occult blood, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) antibody and DNA were assayed after heat treatment at 56 degrees C by strip method, particle agglutination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. HIV-1 RNA was assayed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR after heat treatment at 56 degrees C or 90 degrees C, or after application to filter paper disks with drying and heat treatment at 90 degrees C. Positive results were found in 53% (occult blood), 73% (HIV-1 antibody), 23% (HIV-1 DNA, 56 degrees C), 34% (HIV-1 RNA, 56 degrees C), 33% (HIV-1 RNA, 90 degrees C) and 25% (HIV-1 RNA, 90 degrees C, filter paper disk), respectively. The results did not depend on the stage of the disease or the route of infection. Other studies have reported the use of the filter paper disk method to detect antibodies against HIV and HIV genomes in blood samples. The present study demonstrated that it could also be used for the detection of HIV genomes in saliva samples.

Evaluation of gustatory threshold changes in healthy subjects

Changes in gustatory thresholds were examined in 30 healthy volunteers by conducting electrogustometry and the filter-paper disc method, three times with a 4 week or longer interval. Gustatory thresholds, obtained from either method, notably decreased in the second and the third examination in many subjects. In chronological observations by using the electrogustometry, changes of 6 dB or less in the chorda tympani nerve area or 8 to 10 dB less in the glossopharyngeal nerve area were considered to be not significant. In the filter-paper disc method, the threshold changes with one concentration grade of test solution were observed at high frequency, while the threshold changes with two concentration grades or more were very rare, however all changes were significant. In the filter-paper disc method, changes of the gustatory threshold in one or two kinds of tastes were relatively frequently observed. However, the gustatory thresholds of three or four kinds of tastes rarely changed simultaneously even by one concentration grade of those taste solutions. If such multiple changes of the taste thresholds occur, even when each taste threshold changed only by one concentration grade, it was as a significant change.

A study of changes in gustatory sense during pregnancy

A change in gustatory function is generally well known as one of the manifestations in the early stage of pregnancy. However, there have been comparatively few studies of the changes in taste and gustatory function resulting from pregnancy. In particular, so far there have been no reports of investigations of two or more pregnant women in which gustatory sense in the same pregnant woman was examined serially over time. In this study, gustatory tests were performed over time on pregnant women having a normal course, so as to examine in detail the changes in gustatory function resulting from pregnancy. Selected for this study were 97 healthy pregnant women (ranging in age from 21 to 36 years, with an average of 27.9 +/- 3.2 years). Gustatory tests were performed by electrogustometry and the filter-paper disk method over the areas of the chorda tympani nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve. Of the 97 subjects, gustatory tests could be performed serially with time throughout the duration of pregnancy in 32 subjects (from 21 to 34 years old, with an average age of 28.3 +/- 2.9 years), and changes in gustatory sense with progress in pregnancy were analyzed statistically. In addition, serum trace elements were measured in 72 of the subjects. Thirty non-pregnant healthy women (from 18 to 34 years old, with an average age of 24.8 +/- 4.3 years) were used as control. The gustatory test was performed by the same person in all cases. An increase in gustatory threshold was observed in pregnant women as compared with that of non-pregnant women. Especially, a tendency of a marked decrease was noted in gustatory function in the first trimester. A marked change in secretion of hormones in the early stage of pregnancy is considered to be the underlying cause of such a decrease in gustatory function. The serum zinc level was in the normal range in the early stage of pregnancy, but it tended to decrease over the period from the midtrimester to the third trimester. Therefore, it is difficult to explain dysgeusia in the early stage of pregnancy as being associated with a deficiency of zinc.

Healing process of taste receptor disturbance

Patients with taste receptor disturbance were treated with zinc dosage, and their healing process was traced through the filter-paper-disc method and electrogustometry. The number of cases studied was 119,45 with idiopathic taste disturbance, 38 with drug-induced taste disturbance and 36 with zinc-deficient taste disturbance. 1) Three patterns of taste recovery were observed on the tongue surface. Out of a total of 119 cases, 54 cases (45.4%) were found to be improving on the anterior as well as posterior parts of the tongue simultaneously (simultaneous improvement type). Fifty-three cases (44.5%) showed recovery in the posterior part of the tongue (area of the glossopharyngeal nerve) earlier than in other parts of the tongue (posterior improvement type). Only 12 cases (10.1%) showed recovery in the anterior part of the tongue (area of the chorda tympani nerve) earlier than in other parts of the tongue (anterior improvement type), a significantly smaller number of cases compared with the other two types. In particular, very few cases of zinc deficient taste disturbance belonged to the anterior improvement type. Zinc dosage treatment proved to be more rapidly effective for the simultaneous improvement type. 2) With respect to differences in the recovery process of the four primary tastes, a tendency for the sweet and bitter taste qualities to recover earlier than the others was observed in the simultaneous improvement type. However, no phenomenon was observed that could support the existence of the so-called "tongue map", such as the bitter and sour taste recover first among the posterior improvement type or the sweet taste improving first among the anterior improvement type. 3) The results of this study revealed that the treatment of taste receptor disturbances starts with the posterior part of the tongue, which abounds in taste buds. 4) The study also demonstrated that electrogustometry is not suitable for tracing the process of taste receptor disturbance. 5) When tracing the effectiveness of treatment of taste receptor disturbance through the filter paper-disc method, it is sufficient to measure only the posterior part of the tongue (area of the glossopharyngeal nerve) until signs of healing appear.

Effect of Pesticides on the Nematode Pathogenic Bacteria, Bacillus macerans In vitro

Sensitivity of Bacillus macerans Schardinger, 1905, a potent biocontrolagent of root-knot nematode, to different pesticides was tested in vitro by filter paper disc method. The pesticides were metham sodium, phorate, aldicarb, carbofuran and formalin representing nematicides and HCH (BHC), endosulfan, malathion, quinalphos and carbaryl representing insecticides and agallol, . carbendazim, copper oxychloride, maneb, zineband ziram the fungicides. B. macerans was highly sensitive to metham sodium and formaldehyde with an inhibition zone diameter ranging from 20 to 44 m.m. While aldicarb was slightly inhibitory, phorate and carbofuran were non-inhibitory. All insecticides except quinalphos (1000 ppm only) and carbaryl were non-inhibitory. Among the fungicides tested, the systemic fungicide carbendazim was the safest. Methoxy ethyl mercury chloride, mancozeb, zineb and ziram were toxic to B. macerans . These fungicides showed statistically significant increase in inhibition among the different fungicides.

Investigations on the antibacterial effect of conifer needle oils on bacteria isolated from the feces of captive Capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus L., 1758).

In winter, free-living Capercaillies feed almost exclusively upon needles of various conifer species. An important part of the energy and protein requirements of captive Capercaillies, however, is supplied by food rich in starch and proteins. The fecal flora of captive Capercaillies is considerably different from the flora of free-living Capercaillies. Bacterial diseases are frequent in captivity. The aim of the present study is to determine whether the essential oils from conifer needles possess antibacterial properties against several bacteria, some of which are facultatively pathogenic for Capercaillies. Needles of Pinus sylvestris contain few tannins, which could be a reason for the Capercaillies' preference for these needles. The needles of Abies alba contain high amounts of tannins and essential oils, which could explain the refusal of Capercaillies to eat these needles. The antibacterial effect of commercially available essential oils on the bacteria is investigated with a filter paper disc method and in a liquid medium. The essential oils possess a bacteriostatic or a bactericidal effect against some of the tested bacteria. Feeding on natural forage plants may help prevent the colonization of the intestines by facultatively pathogenic bacteria. The authors discuss why Capercaillies, especially young birds that are to be released, should be fed with natural forage plants.

Antifungal Activity of Halogeno-Salicylic Acids against Growth of Aspergillus niger

The relationship between the chemical structures of thirteen kinds of halogeno-salicylic acids and their antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger was examined by using the agar plate filter paper disc method at pH 3.7. The degrees of inhibition of fungal growth were estimated in terms of both initial strength of the activity (IS), which was obtained by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone, and its durability in a plate culture of each sample. As a control test, the IS value of salicylic acid obtained at pH 3.7 with incubation for 3 days at 25° was defined as f=100. The durability was indicated in terms of the size of the final inhibition zone or the period required for the initial inhibition zone to disappear (below 6mm), under continuous incubation.In all examiniations, the presence of halogens (bromine, chlorine, and iodine) in the aromatic ring increased the antifungal activity. Among five kinds of monohalogeno-salicylic acids, the initial activity and the durability of the 3-chloro form were superior to those of other mono-chloro isomers, and the IS value of the 5-bromo form was higher than that of 4-bromo form. The IS value of the 3, 5-dichloro, dibromo, and diiodo forms were reduced in that order. The IS value of the 5-bromo-3-chloro form was as high as that of the 3-bromo-5-chloro form and was superior to that of dichloro form, although their duability was inferior to that of the 4, 5-dichloro form. In general, increasing the number of substituted halogen atoms resulted in higher antifungal activity. However, among all of the halogeno-salicylic acids tested, the 4, 5-dichloro form was more effective than the 3, 4, 5-tribromo or 4, 6-dibromo-3, 5-dichloro forms. In all tests, an inhibition zone of conidiogenesis was observed, and is shown as a p value (p=f1×(f1-f2)/100, f1; the inhibition factor of conidiogenesis, f2; the inhibition factor) in Table 3.

Fungistatic Activity of Pyrazole Derivatives Towards Aspergillus niger

The relationship between chemical structures of 21 kinds of pyrazole derivatives and their fungistatic activity towards Aspergillus niger was investigated by the agar plate filter paper disc method. The influence of pH upon the fungistatic activity of the compounds was tested at pH 3.7. 5.2 and 7.0. The inhibition of fungal growth was estimated in terms of initial strength of activity (IS) and its durability. The IS value of 4-chloro-m-cresol (1) obtained on incubation at pH 5.2 for 3 days was defined as 100. The durability was estimated as the period required for the initial inhibition zone to disappear under continuous incubation.Pyrazole (2) itself showed no fungistatic activity and the compounds substituted with a methyl-, carboxy-, ethyloxycarbonyl-, hydrazinocarbonyl-, hydroxymethyl-, hydroxy-, nitroso-, amino-, acetamino- or diazo-group were in effective at any pH. On the other hand, the compounds bearing a phenyl or sulfur group such as 3-methyl-5-phenylpyrazole (11), 3, 5-dimethyl-4-phenylpyrazole (21), 3-amidinothiomethyl-5-methylpyrazole dihydrochloride (13), 3-methyl-5-pyrazoylmethyl-N, N-dimethyldithiocarbamate (14) and 3, 5-dimethyl-4-α-thiophenylpyrazole (22) showed fungistatic activity. Their IS values were inferior to that of 1, but the durabilities, except 13, were the same as or somewhat superior to that of 1. However, 3, 5-diphenylpyrazole (12), in which the 3-methyl group of 11 was replaced by a phenyl group, and bis (3-methyl-5-pyrazoylmethyl) disulfide (15), which was obtained by hydrolysis or hydrogenation followed by oxidation of 13 or 14, showed complete loss of activity.

Efficacy of fungicides againstColletotrichum coccodes on potato tubers

Thirty three fungicides were evaluatedin vitro andin vivo for the control of anthracnose, caused byColletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes. Three promising fungicides, thiram, captafol wp and sc and prochloraz, were identified by a filter paper-disc plate method, but only prochloraz had an effect when using a fungicide plate method. None of the fungicides adequately controlled anthracnosein vivo.

Fungistatic Activity of t-Butylhalophenols for Growth of Aspergillus niger

The relationship between chemical structures of 16 kinds of t-butylhalophenols and their fungistatic activity toward Aspergillus niger, in the range of pH 3.7, 5.2 and 7.0, was investigated by using the agar plate filter paper disc method. The inhibition of fungal growth was estimated in terms of initial strength of activity (IS), which was obtained by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone in each sample, and its durability. As a control, the IS value of 4-chloro-m-cresol (1) obtained at pH 5.2 with incubation for 3 days was defined as 100. The durability was estimated as the period required for the initial inhibition zone to disappear under continuous incubation.The relationship between the fungistatic activity and the chemical structures of tested compounds was as follows. The o-t-butyl-4-halophenols and m-t-butyl-4-halophenols were much more effective than the corresponding 2-halogenated isomers, and the activity was greatly superior to that of p-t-butyl-2-halophenols. The IS values of 2-t-butyl-4-chlorophenol (6), 2-t-butyl-4-bromophenol (12) and 3-t-butyl-4-chlorophenol (8) were mostly higher than that of 1, but their durability was inferior to that of 1. However, 3-t-butyl-4-bromophenol (14) was superior to 1 in both the IS value and the durability at all pH levels. When 14 was derived to 2, 4-dibromo-5-t-butylphenol (17) by means of bromination, its durability was somewhat improved but its IS values were reduced to 0.5-0.7 times that of 14. The activity of 2, 6-di-t-butyl-4-bromophenol (16) derived from 12, which showed the greatest IS among all the tested compounds, was not effective at any pH level due to the complete loss of activity. The influence of pH upon the fungistatic activity of the compounds is discussed.