Film Script Research Articles

Simulation of Creative Manifestation by Functional Ensembles of Intellectual Agents Based on Live Information in Various Spheres of Life Activity

Neural networks with deep learning and reinforcement are able to compose poetry and music, draw paintings, and write short stories, as well as come up with scripts for films. Functional ensembles of harmoniously interacting intellectual agents with living information can virtually model creativity for various spheres of life activity. Virtual modeling of creativity by harmoniously interacting intellectual agents is carried out based on living creative processes represented by acts of creation accumulated by humanity in a certain sphere of life. Live information of creative acts of creation for functional ensembles from harmoniously interacting intellectual agents is revealed from the effective creative practice of specialists in specific conditions and presented in the format of smart ethical communicative-associative cases. To model creativity, a virtual environment of a certain sphere of activity is formed, in which the ensemble gives birth to a creative fruit according to the plan of a specialist. Functional ensembles of harmoniously interacting intellectual agents with live creative practice can cooperate with a person, and can also independently virtually model the creative creation of new designs of a specialist, if the ensemble has enough acts of creation.

Manifestation of Functional Ensembles of Intellectual Agents Based on Live Information in Various Spheres of Life Activity

Abstract: Neural networks with deep learning and reinforcement are able to compose poetry and music, draw paintings, and write short stories, as well as come up with scripts for films. Functional ensembles of harmoniously interacting intellectual agents with living information can virtually model creativity for various spheres of life activity. Virtual modeling of creativity by harmoniously interacting intellectual agents is carried out based on living creative processes represented by acts of creation accumulated by humanity in a certain sphere of life. Live information of creative acts of creation for functional ensembles from harmoniously interacting intellectual agents is revealed from the effective creative practice of specialists in specific conditions and presented in the format of smart ethical communicative-associative cases. To model creativity, a virtual environment of a certain sphere of activity is formed, in which the ensemble gives birth to a creative fruit according to the plan of a specialist. Functional ensembles of harmoniously interacting intellectual agents with live creative practice can cooperate with a person, and can also independently virtually model the creative creation of new designs of a specialist, if the ensemble has enough acts of creation.

The Copyrightability of Opera Direction

Abstract A judgment of the Italian Court of Cassation – No. 17565 of 18 June 2021 – offers an opportunity to investigate the legal protection options applicable to the direction of opera. As this issue is not addressed by EU law, EU Member States have adopted different approaches, from awarding copyright, to neighboring rights, to a mixture of the two. This opinion aims at finding the most consistent solution within the Italian legal framework. After an assessment of the alternative legal options, it argues that opera direction should be eligible for copyright protection via an analogical application of Art. 44 of the Italian copyright law, which indirectly includes cinematic direction within the area of copyrightable works. This conclusion is based on the fact that there are no substantial differences between the two types of direction justifying a diverse treatment. Otherwise, it would result in blatant and unsubstantiated discrimination because both categories of directors set out to convert a text – the dramatic text or the film script – to the medium of theatre or film respectively. Finally, this opinion suggests that even if the other creative roles involved in opera making are not addressed by the law, they too should qualify as co-authors if they make a creative contribution.

The Translational Technique (Literal Translation) In Conceptual Meaning From Short Movie (LDR) By DPR Production

This research aims to find, record, and analyze one of the translation techniques, namely Literal Translation from Indonesian to English which contains conceptual meaning in a short film entitled LDR by DPR Production (2019). This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. The method of collecting data for this research is by watching the short film and writing the film script along with the English translation that already exists in the film. The form of the data collected is in the form of sentences containing the Literal Translation technique which also has an understandable conceptual meaning. There are 36 data obtained from 41 sentences in the film. Based on the results of this study, a short film entitled LDR by DPR Production (2019) has a translation technique, namely Literal Translation along with the similarity of meaning in every sentence in the film.

Analisis Tenses yang Digunakan dalam Film Kung Fu Panda 3: Relevansi terhadap Kurikulum 2013 untuk Pengajaran Tenses pada Siswa SMP/MTs

This study aims to find out the tenses used in the film script Kung Fu Panda 3 and its relations between the Curriculum 2013 in tenses learning for junior high school students. The Curriculum 2013 is used as a standard guide to determine the suitability of sentences. This research is descriptive qualitative research using content analysis techniques to analyze the data. Data source Documented film scripts and English Curriculum 2013 for junior high school. The study results are presented in the form of sentences that are analyzed and classified into six types of tenses. The six tenses are in accordance with the Curriculum 2013, namely Simple Present Tense, Simple Past Tense, Present Continuous Tense, Past Continuous Tense, Present Perfect Tense, and Present Future Tense. The study results show a high frequency of relevance to tenses located in film scripts and the Curriculum 2013, with a total of 100%. The results of this study show that the script of the Kung Fu Panda 3 film can be used as a support material for English teachers to teach tenses to junior high school students.

Feature Film Script Writing Quality Issues: KL Vampires Film (2019)

The recent production of feature films in Malaysia has shown positive development in terms of cinemas collection. However, there are some of the feature films made per year that fail on cinemas collection due to poor film script that does not meet the expectation of the local audience. There are a few good film scripts that is also not successful on cinemas. The importance of the research on script writing quality issues is necessary to find a solution to bring Malaysia films to a higher level and international level. The main findings of this study will unravel the reasons why this is still happening when the quality of some of the film scripts is very good. This is due to the acceptance of film audience in Malaysia who are given less exposure to the aesthetics of a film artwork in general. Therefore, successful films in Malaysia are more of mere entertainment and films are not considered as a medium that can change the ideology of a society. The research method used is qualitative through interviews with the director and scriptwriter of KL Vampires (2019) film and descriptive secondary data through articles and books. Studies on feature film scriptwriting in Malaysia in the future should focus more on issues on how history, culture and heritage can be preserved through film with quality film scriptwriting.

Padrões de Encarnação Mediática e Circularidade Textual entre Livro e Filme na Edição: o caso da editora Romano Torres

This paper explores the modalities of book production based on patterns of intertextual circularity and media transfer from cinema, that is, films whose script is adapted and rewritten as a novel, undergoing a novelization process (even if the script that was adapted and turned into a novel-like readable book was itself already originally inspired in a book or text). The history of book publishing is plentiful in examples in which the text published in a book is inspired by a film script or in which a film was based on a previously published book. The textual migration thus uncovered also questions the very meaning of originality and authorship of a book, insofar as that book results from successive processes of media incarnation. Book publishers such as the Portuguese house Romano Torres, with activity between the end of the 19th century and the end of the 20th century, are the backdrop for the study and illustration of this ever changing process of textual and media mutation. This presentation seeks to demonstrate the existence of several books capable of raising questions about their status as an object, showing how the intervention in the text can be correlated with avatars that transform it as a product destined to be framed, thought and consumed in many ways, subjecting itself to a cycle of reconfiguration and appropriation.

Identity and Capitalism in Nadezhda Teffi’s Magic Mirrors: The Unpublished Film Scripts of the 1940s

This article explores Russian writer Nadezhda Teffi’s engagement with film, focusing on the two film scripts she wrote at the end of her career ‒ Les héritiers de la jument grise (1942) and Gnock the Benefactor (1948). Neither of these scripts was ever produced, but they hold interest as exemplars of Teffi’s critical attitude towards film and reorganize themes common in Teffi’s other émigré work, such as her play Ничего подобного (Nothing of the Kind) (1939), and her story ‘Вскрытые тайники’ (‘Unlocked Safes’) (1932). Comedies of errors predicated on problems of inheritance and mistaken identity, both texts also draw on a rich repertoire of French and Russian intertexts. In Gnock, a naïve “dreamer” accidentally receives a millionaire’s wallet and tries to use it for good works. In Les héritiers, a whimsical will causes scheming relatives to replace one twin sister with another when the inheritress unexpectedly dies. These plots suggest that one’s identity is easily substituted with one’s economic stature. In a 1928 essay, Teffi states that the same is true of film – actors, who are ranked by their marketability and simulacra of reality are more successful than the real thing. The much later scripts take Teffi’s misgivings about film and turn them into parodic plots.

Write‐An‐Animation: High‐level Text‐based Animation Editing with Character‐Scene Interaction

Abstract3D animation production for storytelling requires essential manual processes of virtual scene composition, character creation, and motion editing, etc. Although professional artists can favorably create 3D animations using software, it remains a complex and challenging task for novice users to handle and learn such tools for content creation. In this paper, we present Write‐An‐Animation, a 3D animation system that allows novice users to create, edit, preview, and render animations, all through text editing. Based on the input texts describing virtual scenes and human motions in natural languages, our system first parses the texts as semantic scene graphs, then retrieves 3D object models for virtual scene composition and motion clips for character animation. Character motion is synthesized with the combination of generative locomotions using neural state machine as well as template action motions retrieved from the dataset. Moreover, to make the virtual scene layout compatible with character motion, we propose an iterative scene layout and character motion optimization algorithm that jointly considers character‐object collision and interaction. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system with customized texts and public film scripts. Experimental results indicate that our system can generate satisfactory animations from texts.

POLITENESS STRATEGIES AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS IN CHLOÉ ZHAO'S FILM NOMAD LAND: SOCIOPRAGMATICS STUDY

This research aims to identify the most dominant kinds of politeness strategies used in Chloé Zhao's film Nomad land and to analyze the most dominant social dimensions that influence the selection of politeness strategies used in Chloé Zhao's film Nomad land. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method and to get the data needed for this research, the data collection is conducted by choosing and watching the film, reading the film's script, collecting the data, identifying the data, classifying the data, then analyzing the data based on its politeness strategies and social dimensions, and drawing a conclusion related to the results of the data that has been analyzed. The theoretical framework used in this research is the theory of politeness strategies from Brown and Levinson (1987) and the theory of social dimensions from Holmes (2013). The results of this study show that there are 4 politeness strategies found from the 35 data analyzed, the most dominant politeness strategy used in Chloé Zhao's film Nomadland are 18 data (51,43%) of bald on record strategy, followed by 8 data of positive politeness strategy (22.86%), then 6 data (17,14%) of negative politeness strategy, and 3 data (8,57%) of off record strategy. Meanwhile, the most dominant social dimensions that influenced the selection of politeness strategies used in Chloé Zhao's film Nomadland are 19 data (54,29%) of the solidarity–social distance scale, followed by 6 data (17,14%) of the formality scale, then 6 data (17,14%) of the referential and affective function scales, and the last is 4 data (11,43%) of the status scale.

Legal Protection on the Moral Rights and Economic Rights of the Author of Film Script Writing Pursuant to Law No. 28 of 2014 Concerning Copyright (Analysis of Copyright Infringement Case by a Production House of the “ Benyamin Biang Kerok” Film)

Moral Rights and Economic Rights are Exclusive Rights that cannot be separated in relation to Copyrights. Copyright protects all forms of work, one of which is Film Script Writing as referred to in Article 40 paragraph (1) of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright (UUHC). One of the forms of infringement on the copyrighted work of the film script is the reuse of the film script without the permission of the creator, resulting in the loss of the moral rights and economic rights of the creator. The problems in this study are: how to use the principles of Moral Rights and Economic Rights of the Author in claiming protection against Copyright infringement on Film Script Writing, how legal remedies can be taken in the form of legal protection for the Author of Film Script Writing used without permission, and how analysis of the Judge's decision on the violation of Moral Rights for the Creator in the dispute of the film "Benyamin Biang Kerok" based on the decision of the Panel of Judges Number 09/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Cipta/2018/PN Niaga Jkt. Pst. This research is descriptive analytical with a normative juridical approach. Qualitative analysis methods are used to process and analyze research data and then draw conclusions using deductive methods through a normative framework. The results of the research show: the use of the Principles of Moral Rights and Economic Rights of the Creator as a claim for infringement of Copyright is listed in Article 4, Article 5. This right will continue to exist and is eternally attached to the Creator and will continue to apply indefinitely. Legal efforts as a form of legal protection for Film Scripts that are used without permission are to follow the provisions in Article 95 to Article 109 of the UUHC, namely by preventing violations from occurring and through alternative dispute resolution through arbitration or through the Commercial Court. The Plaintiff's lawsuit was declared defeated by the Panel of Judges, due to lack of parties. But the production of the film "Benyamin Biang Kerok" is not determined as a violation of the exclusive rights of the Creator. This decision has not provided justice and provided legal protection for the Plaintiff as the author of the original manuscript and it is feared that the same violation will continue to occur in the future. Suggestions that can be given include: in providing explanations and strengthening the importance of the Creator's Exclusive Rights, it is necessary to have awareness, socialization and public education so as not to use other people's creations carelessly. Legal efforts to prevent infringement of film script writing is to conduct socialization in the film industry and other related creative industries. Against a decision that has not provided legal protection for the Plaintiff, the Panel of Judges must also determine that the defendant has violated the exclusive rights of the Plaintiff's written film script and stipulates compensation for the violation of exclusive rights committed. Keywords: Legal Protection, Moral Rights, Economic Rights, The Author, Copyrights,Film Script Writing.

Pragmatics Analysis on Conversational Implicature Used in Mulan (2020) Movie

The research intends to analyze the sorts of dialog and non-observerance observed in the film Mulan, using Grice's theory (2020). This study was carried out using the descriptive qualitative approach. The sort of research is content analysis. As data, the film script for Mulan (2020) was used. In addition, according to Grice's theory, two types of conversational implications exist: a widespread dialog implicitness and a specific dialogic impact and there are 5 sorts of non-compliance maximums: the flushing of a maximum, the infringement of a maximum and the suspension of a maximum. When the researchers collected and analyzed data, they used the data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusion of Miles, Huberman and Saldana idea. In addition, several table and diagram utilized by researchers to accurately describe and measure the data. The results of this study demonstrate that Mulan (2020) movie has 29 utterances that indicate the implications for dialogue. These include 17 widespread dialog involvement (59%) and 12 specialized involvement. Included in the total (41 percent ). In the film from Mulan (2020) it was found that a maximum of 17 data or 58 percent is flouting characters, which is higher than maximum violations, save for maximum manner violations of 9 data or 32 percent. However, the speech of characters in Mulan (2020) film does not contain the other maximum non observance like suspending a maximum and infringing a maximum.

Linguistic Portrait of Film Characters in Sci-Fi Movie "Chappie"

The paper features the way linguistic means represent character traits in modern films. The research was based on Neill Blomkamp’s sci-fi drama "Chappie" (2005). The research objective was to describe the phenomenon of multiple linguistic features that disclose the linguistic personality of film characters via their free speech. The author believes that the linguistic image of a film character includes categorization of entities aimed at solving creative tasks, which, in their turn, incorporate the genre, stylistic peculiarities, imagery, and emotivity. The method of continuous selection from a film script offered an ample exemplifying material, which underwent cognitive and stylistic analysis. Modern cinema uses genre stylization and imagery, e.g. children’s speech, parents’ speech, classroom language, streetwise discourse, etc. These features depend on the authenticity of a film character and the heuristic explanation of an unknown concept by means of metaphors. The linguistic image of a film character is formed within the genre-stylistic boundaries of the script, while imagery allows the characters to reach a consensus within the 120-minute chronotope.

Sexting can be sexy…if it's consensual: challenging victim blaming and heteronormativity in sext education

Young people's sexting is an area of concern amongst parents, policymakers, and educators.1 Much education around the topic of sexting focuses on risk and shame. My creative work, Sexting Scenes – what do you think?, is a film script intended as a sext education resource. It highlights the various reasons for and consequences of sexting, using an intersectional and sex-positive approach not rooted in risk or shame. I address issues of victim blaming and heteronormativity in sext education resources Tagged and Exposed. I utilise the theories of feminist scholars Amy Shields Dobson and Jessica Ringrose and applied theatre scholar Katherine Low. My previous placement at the School of Sexuality Education, my current PhD Practice-as-Research, and my experience as an applied theatre practitioner all informed the script content. The script incorporates multiple storylines, diverse characters, and reflective questions to challenge and question victim blaming and heteronormativity in relation to sexting. Keywords: sexting, sext education, victim blaming, heteronormativity, applied theatre

The Implementation of Literary Works for Promoting Student Involvement in Learning English Grammar

Nowadays, every teaching and learning process is supposed to apply a student-centered concept in which the pupils are the center of the process, and they are encouraged to participate actively in the process. Therefore, all education levels have implemented this concept, including the university level. Unfortunately, many pupils are still passive during the teaching process. This phenomenon also appears in the English Language Teaching Department of Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Purwokerto. The low participation of the students happens in all classes, including grammar class. Based on the pre-observation process in a grammar class, the average score of student participation was only 58.82%. From seven categories of student participation, two indicators were still 0% called asking a question and giving constructive or positive comments to the teacher or other students. There was also one category that only achieved 41.18%. Besides, the atmosphere was not conducive since some students talked to their classmates and looked quite bored. Based on this condition, the researchers decided to do action research. After doing a literature study, we agreed to use literary works to overcome the problem.
 The research was done in one cycle that consisted of three meetings. The instruments used for collecting the data were an observation sheet of student participation and a teacher observation sheet. The data gathered were analyzed using simple statistics like percentage and average score, then the analysis presented through diagram and words. The literary works used in this study were a short story, a film script, and a novel. This action research is successful if the percentage of student involvement can achieve 65%. 
 The result reveals that student participation was getting better after the implementation of literary works in the teaching and learning process. In the first action, the average percentage was 69.29 %, then it became 75.89% in the second meeting. In the third act, the student involvement achieved 78.15%. The most impressive finding appeared in the third meeting. Three students asked questions. Asking questions as one of the indicators of participation did not appear in the first and the second meeting. The atmosphere was getting conducive since the implementation of the literary works in the grammar class. In short, this action research is successful in boosting student involvement in grammar class.

More Lasting than the Effects Achieved by a Gun: The Cinematic Architecture of Lebbeus Woods

This paper examines Lebbeus Woods’ 1988 project “Underground Berlin” and a corresponding film script coauthored by Woods, in an exploration into affinities between cinematic thinking and architectural imagination. Placing Woods’ professional and theoretical engagement with film within the constellation of discourses regarding film’s relationship with the built environment, this paper posits “Underground Berlin” as a unique example in which architectural representation, cinema, and storytelling come together in the imagination of futures and offer a renewed capacity for architecture to operate politically in the world.

Measuring the accuracy of LSTM and BiLSTM models in the application of artificial intelligence by applying chatbot programme

Python programme contains a question and answer system that derived from data sets that have used and implemented the chatbot in this modern era. where the data collected is in the form of corpuses containing extensive metadata-rich fictional conversations derived from extracted film scripts, commonly called cornell movie dialogue corpus. The various models have been used chatbots in python programmes, and LSTM and BiLSTM models were specifically used in this study. Where the form of accuracy will be reported as a result of the implementation of LSTM and BiLSTM models in the chatbot programme. The programme performance will be influenced by the data from the model selection, because the level of accuracy is determined by the target programme being taken. So this is the main factor that determines which model to choose. Based on considerations required for choosing the programme model, in the end the LSTM and the BiLSTM models are chosen and will be applied to the programme. Based on the LSTM and BiLSTM chatbot programmes that have been tested, it can be concluded that the best parameters come from a pair of BiLSTM chatbots using the BiLTSM model with an average accuracy value of 0.995217.

7. Stylistic Considerations on Scene No. 8 from the Musical Performance PreȚioasele Ridicole [The Affected Young Ladies] by Vasile Spătărelu

Abstract Molière is one of the playwrights who not only marked and defined the seventeenth century in France, but, creator of the modern comedy and discoverer of the authentic comic, contributed fully to educating the public in his present and for the future. His comedies have stood the test of time, as they resonated with the audience, which found itself in them. In the twentieth century, his plays entered the artistic territories adjacent to the theater trough other creators, who turned them into film scripts and librettos for musical theater. The subject of our research is a fragment pertaining to the farcePrețioasele ridicole [The Affected Young Ladies] turned into a musical show under the signature of Vasile Spătărelu. An important name in Romanian music, creator with great melodic imagination, harmonic refinement and perfect literary taste, the composer from Iași made a possible compositional model for the genre, which is part of the Romanian musical show’s route opened by Paul Constantinescu and Pascal Bentoiu. His work is distinguished by the stylistic area to which it adheres, by rhythm and vivacity, by the original combination between the spoken and the sung text, by the ingenious architecture of the scenes, by the adequacy of the writing technique to the desired effect and expression. Fully requesting all the resources of the interpreters, we consider that the analysis of the important moments is very useful to them. If pages of theatrical exegesis were dedicated to the characters Magdelon and Cathos, for Mascaril we did not identify something similar, much less a stylistic-interpretive analysis from a musical perspective. In order to achieve a complete characterization of the character, useful to potential student performers, we will comment on the first segments of the Scene no.8 in which Mascaril’s “identity” is established, as he presents himself in front of the two “precious ones”. (the entrance and the monologue).

Costs in a Film’s Production Process

Purpose: Film production is associated with incurring costs. This article aims to analyze the production process of a feature film through the prism of incurred production costs. The indirect aim is to answer the question: What is the structure of the set of costs in the produc-tion process of an audiovisual work? Design/Methodology/Approach: The study concerns the production costs of film work based on the cost philosophy of the Polish Film Institute and American solutions. The study uses the descriptive and comparative analysis method of various aspects of film production; the deductive-inductive reasoning method; the costing method; the logical analysis method based on the literature on film production organization and accounting; the qualitative method in the form of unstructured face-to-face interviews with film producers con-ducted at production courses at the L. Schiller National Higher School of Film, Television, and Theatre in Łodź. Findings: The amount of cost of a film project is determined by the film script. The structure of the set of costs in the different stages of the film production process in the world is simi-lar. The fees are an essential item in the cost of a feature film. The production organization criterion and the time criterion shape the film production costs. Practical Implications: Efficient organization of the film production process affects the cost of ownership of film work. Originality/Value: There is a need to explore further the research issue of cost in film pro-duction, especially in terms of quantitative research.

Theme orientation and the inevitable outcome of structural flaws: Investigating the results of the dominance of theme over action in Farhadi’s The Salesman

In this article, we discuss the importance of unity in the feature film script and the mechanism of its development based on the two elements of dramatic action and theme. We investigate the consequences of prioritizing theme over the action on the foundation of the dramatic structure of the screenplay, considering one of the most famous Iranian films, Asghar Farhadi’s The Salesman (2016), the winner of the best screenplay at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. In any form of drama, the chain of actions leads to a specific theme, and the theme in turn directs this chain. Therefore, to create an organic structure, the balanced development of action and theme is essential. Manipulating this balance in favour of highlighting the theme, and understanding the chain of actions based on the theme weakens the logical relationship of the actions as well as the dramatic structure, ultimately turning some actions into redundancies that can be eliminated. The study shows that in The Salesman’s screenplay, through prioritizing the theme over the action and disrupting the natural process of perceiving the theme from the chain of actions, a structure is created in which the presence of some actions are only justified by referring to the theme. Therefore, a number of events/scenes in the screenplay can be omitted without interfering with the unity of the narrative and the formation and expression of the theme. As a result, prioritizing the theme over the action in the foundation of the script inevitably leads to a flawed structure.