Pirated Research Articles

Piracy as a Violation of the Ethics of the Informatics Engineering Profession

The development of information technology is high-speed. The high price of original software makes people tend to use pirated products. Viewed from the ethical side of the information technology profession, piracy is inappropriate because it violates the inventor's intellectual property rights. This article is the result of thinking to analyze the extent of software piracy. Copyright problems in software, software piracy terms, causes of software piracy, the role of software, and solutions to overcome software piracy cases. Be able to know about software copyright. As a result of this research, we can find out where the crucial points violate software piracy, the motives that exist in the case of software piracy, and the role that exists in terms of software.

Social media threats and health among adolescents: evidence from the health behaviour in school-aged children study

BackgroundSocial media are immensely popular among adolescents. Thus, concerns have been raised about the threats adolescents encounter on social media and the possible negative health consequences, such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. This study investigated the prevalence of nine social media threats: (1) cyberbullying, (2) sexual harassment, (3) racism, (4) unauthorized distribution of sensitive material, (5) phishing attempts, (6) misinformation, (7) the sale or distribution of drugs, (8) harmful or dangerous social media challenges, (9) content causing appearance pressures. The study also investigated how individual and social factors, problematic social media use (PSMU), and online communication with strangers are associated with social media threat exposure, as well as the association between social media threats and self-rated health, depressive feelings, and anxiety symptoms.Methods and findingsNationally representative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) data from Finland were obtained from 2288 respondents aged 11, 13, and 15 years. Fixed effects regression models were applied. The most common threat, encountered daily and weekly, was misinformation. Regression models showed that individual and social factors, PSMU, and online communication with strangers explained adolescent exposure to social media threats in differing ways. Furthermore, certain factors (e.g., emotional intelligence, family support) were associated with encountering social media threats less frequently, whereas other factors (e.g., PSMU, online communication with strangers) were associated with more frequent encounters. Daily and weekly exposure to social media threats was systematically associated with poor self-rated health, frequent depressive feelings, and anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsOur study highlights the need for intervention and health promotion efforts to mitigate adolescent exposure to social media threats and ensuing negative health consequences.

GAN-Based Steganography: Enhancing Data Concealment

Ensuring the secure transfer of information across networks is paramount to uphold confidentiality and privacy, both of which are critical in today's society. To safeguard information from unauthorized access, interception, or tampering during communication, various protective techniques are employed. Steganography is one such method, involving the concealment of information within a cover medium, such as an image, so that the presence of the hidden message remains undetected. This approach is particularly valuable when cryptographic measures alone are insufficient for protecting sensitive data. Even if the cover image is intercepted, the concealed message should only be accessible to the intended sender and recipient. Our proposed solution addresses security risks by embedding secret data within stego-images generated through Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and then accurately extracting it with a decoder. The advantage of using GANs lies in their ability to produce images that are visually realistic and appealing, thus minimizing the chances of the hidden message being discovered. Furthermore, this platform can be adapted to prevent digital piracy by embedding watermarks into digital content, and it can be further refined with expert input.

A Closer Look into IPFS: Accessibility, Content, and Performance

The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) has recently gained considerable attention. While prior research has focused on understanding its performance characterization and application support, it remains unclear: (1) what kind of files/content are stored in IPFS, (2) who are providing these files, (3) are these files always accessible, and (4) what affects the file access performance. To answer these questions, in this paper, we perform measurement and analysis on over 4 million files associated with CIDs (content IDs) that appeared in publicly available IPFS datasets. Our results reveal the following key findings: (1) Mixed file accessibility: while IPFS is not designed for a permanent storage, accessing a non-trivial portion of files, such as those of NFTs and video streams, often requires multiple retrieval attempts, potentially blocking NFT transactions and negatively affecting the user experience. (2) Dominance of NFT (non-fungible token) and video files: about 50% of stored files are NFT-related, followed by a large portion of video files, among which about half are pirated movies and adult content. (3) Centralization of content providers: a small number of peers (top-50), mostly cloud nodes hosted by tech companies, serve a large portion (95%) of files, deviating from IPFS's intended design goal. (4) High variation of downloading throughput and lookup time: large file retrievals experience lower average throughput due to more overhead for resolving file chunk CIDs, and looking up files hosted by non-cloud nodes takes longer. We hope that our findings can offer valuable insights for (1) IPFS application developers to take into consideration these characteristics when building applications on top of IPFS, and (2) IPFS system developers to improve IPFS and similar systems to be developed for Web3.

Traditional social learning predicts cyber deviance? Exploring the offending versatility thesis in social learning theory.

Social learning theory has been widely implemented to understand cyber deviance. Nevertheless, the antecedent scholarship homogenously nested in the perspective of offending specification, leaving the offending versatility thesis unattained. The lack of such studies may undermine the capability of comprehensively understanding the social learning patterns of online offending. Using a sample of 3741 Chinese college students, this study estimated an array of binary logistic regressions to compare the effects of traditional and online social learning in four types of online offending (online sexual harassment, cyberbullying, hacking, and digital piracy). The results suggest that offending versatility and offending specification co-exist in the social learning process of cyber deviance, while offending specification explains a marginally greater variance. Besides, online learning variables act as potential mediators in the relationships between traditional learning and cyber deviance. Furthermore, traditional social learning shows greater predictive power in cyber-enabled crimes than in cyber-dependent crimes. Our study provides fresh empirical evidence for the non-exclusive association between offending versatility and offending specification in the social learning process of cyber deviance.

The Degree of Audience Understanding Reception: The Potential of Digital Piracy Audio and Visual in TikTok

Social media platforms are increasingly being used to digitally disseminate clips video, audio, or animation. Some account-generated profit or fame from remaking or editing content on the video-sharing social media platform TikTok. This article consequently situates remaking video for profit purposes as digital piracy a victimless crime and therefore still challenges entertainment industries. Little is known about the drivers of these cognitive processes, the current study investigated audience reception of content preferences (movies and series) to explain piracy attitudes and behaviour. This study addresses digital platforms and interactive audiences concerning Stuart Hall’s ‘Encoding/Decoding’ model. Thereby, this study provides a conceptual research design pathways for further analysis of audience’s attitudes toward digital piracy conditions. Results of in-depth interviews with 7 subjects showed that attitudes toward digital piracy mediate or negotiate reading. The audience is fostered by desire and preference to see content, above fear of copyright law effects or economic damage to the entertainment industry. In a call to rethink the notion of digital communication, this article offers a different perspective on the gaps and links between reception studies and current digital media. Suggests ways that social media could lead to a deeper and more complex understanding of audience reception perspective meaning.

The Degree of Audience Understanding Reception: The Potential of Digital Piracy Audio and Visual in TikTok

Social media platforms are increasingly being used to digitally disseminate clips video, audio, or animation. Some account-generated profit or fame from remaking or editing content on the video-sharing social media platform TikTok. This article consequently situates remaking video for profit purposes as digital piracy a victimless crime and therefore still challenges entertainment industries. Little is known about the drivers of these cognitive processes, the current study investigated audience reception of content preferences (movies and series) to explain piracy attitudes and behaviour. This study addresses digital platforms and interactive audiences concerning Stuart Hall’s ‘Encoding/Decoding’ model. Thereby, this study provides a conceptual research design pathways for further analysis of audience’s attitudes toward digital piracy conditions. Results of in-depth interviews with 7 subjects showed that attitudes toward digital piracy mediate or negotiate reading. The audience is fostered by desire and preference to see content, above fear of copyright law effects or economic damage to the entertainment industry. In a call to rethink the notion of digital communication, this article offers a different perspective on the gaps and links between reception studies and current digital media. Suggests ways that social media could lead to a deeper and more complex understanding of audience reception perspective meaning.

Quantitative analysis of social influence and digital piracy contagion with differential equations on networks

Illegal file sharing of copyrighted contents through popular file sharing networks poses an enormous threat to providers of digital contents, such as, games, softwares, music and movies. Though empirical studies of network effects on piracy is a well-studied domain, the dynamics of peer effect in the context of evolving social contagion has not been enough explored using dynamical models. In this research, we methodically study the trends of online piracy with a continuous ODE approach and differential equations on graphs to have a clear comparative view. We first formulate a compartmental model to study bifurcations and thresholds mathematically. We later move on with a network-based analysis to illustrate the proliferation of online piracy dynamics with an epidemiological approach over a social network. We figure out a solution for this online piracy problem by developing awareness among individuals and introducing media campaigns, which could be a valuable factor in eradicating and controlling online piracy. Next, using degree-block approximation, network analysis has been performed to investigate the phenomena from a heterogeneous approach and to derive the threshold condition for the persistence of piracy in the population in a steady state. Considering the dual control of positive peer influence and media-driven awareness, we examine the system through realistic parameter selection to better understand the complexity of the dynamics and suggest policy implications.

Development of a Blockchain System for Licensing Services for Nigerian Communications Commission

Digital assets face threats like unauthorized duplication, breaching intellectual property rights. Software licensing safeguards developers' rights and users' interests. However, traditional methods encounter challenges such as fraud, piracy, and lack of transparency. This study aims to enhance licensing using blockchain. Blockchain's decentralized system ensures encrypted, secure, and transparent transactions, potentially improving efficiency and security. The research proposes a novel approach using the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) as a case study, comprising token-based, hash-based, and smart contracts-based licensing. NCC issues certificates for Telecom services, with each license identified by numbers. Smart contracts automate the licensing process, enforcing terms and conditions. The study examines blockchain's benefits and challenges, including decentralization and trust. It contributes to software license management by leveraging blockchain's advantages.

EXPRESS: The Effects of Collectivism and Organizational Tenure on the Emergence of Pre-Release Digital Piracy

As businesses increasingly move into digital domains, digital piracy has become more prevalent and more costly. Pre-release piracy, where pirated versions of digital products are distributed before legitimate ones, remains particularly damaging to digital product developers. Although workers’ social norms may play a critical role, limited research exists on the behavioral factors that intentionally or unintentionally contribute to pre-release piracy, particularly when considering multinational nuances (e.g., national cultures) and workers’ experience (e.g., organizational tenure). To address this gap, we develop and test an empirical model of how national culture and organizational tenure jointly predict the likelihood of pre-release piracy. Our empirical analyses employ a dataset compiled from more than twenty distinct sources and capture the electronic video game industry’s PC-based products from 2000 through 2019. For national culture, we focus on two forms of collectivism – institutional and in-group – finding that institutional collectivism is associated with a reduced likelihood of pre-release piracy, while in-group collectivism increases it. We also find that the likelihood of pre-release piracy reduces with a product development team’s organizational tenure, but that this relationship is distinctively moderated by each of collectivism’s two forms. Specifically, the benefits of increased organizational tenure are amplified in the presence of stronger institutional collectivism but muted in the presence of stronger in-group collectivism. We link our findings to research streams on national culture, digital piracy, and organizational tenure, and specify contributions to each.

Reimagining Library Learning Spaces, or Risking Digital Piracy in Universities: Students Views on Spatial Boundaries, Time, and Self-Study Modalities in the Post-Digital Era of AI

Higher education (HE) is changing. Students are crossing boundaries, such as physical (those of countries) or digital (through distance learning). During COVID-19, the concept of a learning space was redefined, for many studied at home. As the student experience changes, so does the use of learning spaces. This article focuses upon ‘post-digital’ learning spaces and goes on to frame a narrative about how our HE institutional environments need to sharpen the now much hazier boundaries between the physical, digital, spatial and temporal realms; by drawing upon research with 103 Chinese postgraduates in a Sino-British university, it demonstrates piracy of ebooks as one indicator – and disruptor – of a shift in post-digital lived experience (analysis shows how students turn to online ‘shadow libraries’, to save not just money, but time and space too, redefining universities, reading and information retrieval practices); it concludes by discussing how institutional repositories need to be transformed into multifunctional spaces where students can access resources in various ways, not just in hard copies of books. In consequence, it positions the need for a future ‘post-digital library’ in universities as a place of collaboration, creativity, enterprise and critical thinking, not as one of stacked shelves.

Copyright for Computer Programs and Databases

In the digital age, computer programs and databases have emerged as invaluable intellectual properties, driving technological advancements and innovation across industries. As these works become increasingly critical to modern society, ensuring adequate legal protection through copyright law is paramount. This article explores the intricate legal landscape surrounding copyright protection for computer programs and databases. Focusing on the international and national legal frameworks, the article examines the requirements for copyright eligibility, such as originality, fixation, and authorship. It delves into the scope of protection, encompassing source code, object code, user interfaces for computer programs, and the structure, arrangement, and data content of databases. The article also addresses the exceptions and limitations to copyright protection, balancing the rights of creators with the legitimate interests of users and the public. Fair use, reverse engineering, and the creation of backup copies are among the key exceptions discussed. Additionally, the article highlights the challenges of enforcing copyright protection in the digital realm, including digital piracy, transnational infringement, and the complexities surrounding technological protection measures. By providing a comprehensive overview of this intricate legal domain, the article aims to foster a deeper understanding of the critical role copyright plays in incentivizing innovation and creativity in the digital age, while also acknowledging the need for a balanced approach that promotes access and legitimate use of these invaluable works

A randomized encryption algorithm for the MPEG-DASH digital rights management

ABSTRACT This article addresses the pervasive issue of digital piracy in the movie industry. Despite substantial efforts to combat piracy, its impact remains significant, resulting in substantial financial losses for companies. Digital rights management (DRM) has been introduced as a countermeasure to counter this challenge. While the security of video applications, including commercial and military videos, has gained prominence in recent research, this paper focuses on enhancing the encryption algorithm and presenting encryption results. Specifically, it explores the AES 128 encryption algorithm’s vulnerabilities in the MPEG-DASH media file and proposes a randomized algorithm for video file encryption. To bolster security, the randomized approach leverages three robust algorithms: AES 256, Two-Fish, and Serpent. The randomized algorithm demonstrated significantly higher resistance to brute-force attacks than AES 128 CBC, as exemplified by a test scenario with a key length of 32 and 100 media chunks. By utilizing this combination of unbroken algorithms, the paper offers an efficient solution for offline-protected media storage, ultimately strengthening the security and privacy of the MPEG-DASH DRM system and mitigating the risk of media file piracy. The randomized algorithm consistently outperformed AES 128 CBC in terms of execution time across multiple media files, with the randomized algorithm completing the encryption process in 34,610 milliseconds for Media File 1, compared to AES 128 CBC, which required 59,910 milliseconds, showcasing a notable enhancement in speed.

ENHANCING MEDICAL DATA SECURITY IN E-HEALTH SYSTEMS USING BIOMETRIC-BASED WATERMARKING

In the field of Electronic Health (e-Health), Electronic Health Records (EHR) are transmitted between health professionals using e-Health systems for cooperative medical practice, medical monitoring, telemedical expertise, and telemedical imaging. Medical images are a crucial component of EHR and are used in various aspects of telemedicine systems such as expertise, consultation, teaching, and research. However, protecting the authenticity and copyrights of medical images is essential to prevent duplication, modification, or unauthorized distribution. This paper proposes a robust medical image copyright protection method that uses patient palm-print template as watermark and Lorenz chaotic map for template concealing and selecting the appropriate embedding positions in medical images. The novelty of the method lies in optimizing the expected number of modifications per pixel of the medical images after being watermarked. Experimental results indicate that this approach has a high performance with a genuine accept rate of 99.86% and can withstand various image processing attacks, including Gaussian noise, compression, and image rotations, while ensuring personal data security during telemedicine data exchange.

LEGAL PROTECTION OF COPYRIGHT FOR LITERARY WORKS OF BOOKS FROM ACTS OF ONLINE PIRACY IN PDF VERSIONS VIA THE WHATSAPP APPLICATION

Cases of piracy are currently getting higher and more common, ranging from piracy of music, films, software, data bases, works of literature, books, science, and pictures or photography. The ranking of piracy in Indonesia, especially copyright, is the third largest in the world. Piracy seems to have become a culture and difficult to overcome, especially in Indonesia. If you look at the definition of book piracy that is usually listed in every book, namely efforts to reproduce books by printing, photocopying or other means without obtaining written permission from the publisher of the book concerned, then you will find many parties who consciously or unknowingly can be called pirates. In Article 40 Paragraph (1) Letter (a) of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright, a book is one of the creations that is protected by Copyright.The formulation of the problem in this study is How can a Pdf version of a literary work be said to be copyright piracy? And how is the legal protection for creators against piracy of Pdf versions of literary works through the WhatsApp application?. The research method that the writer uses is the normative juridical method, where the writer must collect data from written regulations so that this research is very closely related to the library because it will require secondary data from the library.Based on the results of the research that the authors conducted on this problem, that law enforcement against Copyright infringement is very important, considering that the development of Copyright protection and legal protection of Copyright for creators is still lacking, where there are still many obstacles that arise in law enforcement, even though it has been legal efforts are made by the parties, as well as the application of legal sanctions against copyright infringement.

A Secure Image Cryptographic Algorithm Based on Triple Incorporated Ciphering Stages

Lately, image encryption has stand out as a highly urgent demand to provide high security for digital images against use and unauthorized distribution. A lot of existing researches use chaotic systems, symmetric or asymmetric schemes for image encryption, but cryptosystem based on one encryption technique only, faces many challenges like weak security and low complexity. Therefore, incorporating two or more different ciphering methods yields a secure and efficient algorithm to protect image information. In this work, a new image cryptosystem is suggested by joining zigzag scan technique, RSA algorithm and chaotic systems. These three security factors introduce Triple Incorporated Ciphering stages system (TIC). Initially, the plaintext image is divided into $8\times 8$ non-overlapping blocks, then the odd blocks are isolated from the even blocks. After that, a new modified zigzag scan in two different directions is adopted for shuffling pixels in the odd and even blocks. This operation effectively enhances the shuffling degree. Next, the RSA algorithm is utilized after combining the scrambled blocks in one matrix. Finally, chaotic systems are implemented on the resultant encrypted matrix to complete the ciphering process. The chaos is implemented in two steps; confusion and diffusion. Duffing map is exploited in the confusion stage, whereas L"u system is adopted on the shuffled matrix in the diffusion stage. The simulation results show the superiority of TIC in both security and attacks robustness compared to other cryptographic algorithms. Therefore, TIC can be exploited in real-time communication systems for secure image transmission.

Password-Sharing on SVOD Platforms: An Examination Through the Lens of Piracy Neutralization

The present study aims to examine the determinants of piracy-based password-sharing behavior on subscription video-on-demand platforms (SVOD). Password-sharing which is permissible on SVOD platforms enable multiple users to use a single account simultaneously. Drawing on neutralization theory, we investigate the effects of piracy neutralization on password borrowing intentions and password lending intentions. Moreover, privacy concern, fashion involvement, and group formation type are theoretically and empirically assessed as moderators. We collected survey responses from 489 users who subscribe to Netflix’s premium plan. The majority of the hypotheses were confirmed when fitting the data using PLS-SEM. Piracy neutralization had a significant positive effect on password borrowing intentions and password lending intentions. Privacy concern and fashion involvement significantly moderated the main effects relationships to a certain extent. As a supplementary analysis, we also find that, depending on the group formation type, the main and moderating effects diverge to some degree. This research sheds light on the theoretical implications of password-sharing as a new form of digital piracy and that neutralization theory explains the rationalization of this behavior.

Law Enforcement Effectiveness on Copyright Piracy: Case of Indonesia

Piracy, which is still a phenomenon in society, has even grown so rapidly that it has become a trend to produce and enjoy your own pirated films. learn how Indonesian law addresses cyber piracy of national films and how national film copyright protection works. The research method used in this article is doctrinal legal research. The legal rules used to reduce copyright piracy are in the form of the Copyright Law, Information and Electronic Transactions Law, Regulations of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, and Regulations of the Minister of Communication and Information which are repressive, namely civil, administrative and criminal as well as preventive in nature. Law enforcement in Indonesia is still not effective because the level of public awareness and legal compliance is still not optimal, which is the main factor in the success of legal regulations.

Penyalahgunaan Scanlation Menurut Fatwa MUI No. 1/MUNAS VII/MUI/5/2005 Tentang Perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual

Digitalization has had a significant impact on the comics industry in Indonesia, reaching new readers, expanding its role and potential in the creative economy. However, copyright piracy is a problem that is closely related to the development of information and communication technology. Scanlation is defined as the act of scanning and translation which refers to the distribution of comics by multiplying illegal digital comics for copying and distribution. This research is related to copyright law piracy which offers protection and law enforcement in dealing with scanlation fraud in Indonesia. The research method is an empirical juridical method regarding the enactment of Law No. 28 of 2014 regarding copyright and MUI fatwa NO. 1/MUNAS VII/MUI/5/2005. In the MUI fatwa NO. 1/MUNAS VII/MUI/5/2005 does not clearly regulate procedures for complaints of violations of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and the need for a concept of statutory regulations that regulate the form of protection of comic works in the digital space in order to create legal certainty for comic artists and their roles. active participation from law enforcement agencies, the public and the private sector to tackle acts of scanlation piracy

Authorship Attribution Methods, Challenges, and Future Research Directions: A Comprehensive Survey

Over the past few decades, researchers have put their effort and paid significant attention to the authorship attribution field, as it plays an important role in software forensics analysis, plagiarism detection, security attack detection, and protection of trade secrets, patent claims, copyright infringement, or cases of software theft. It helps new researchers understand the state-of-the-art works on authorship attribution methods, identify and examine the emerging methods for authorship attribution, and discuss their key concepts, associated challenges, and potential future work that could help newcomers in this field. This paper comprehensively surveys authorship attribution methods and their key classifications, used feature types, available datasets, model evaluation criteria and metrics, and challenges and limitations. In addition, we discuss the potential future research directions of the authorship attribution field based on the insights and lessons learned from this survey work.