Fill Density Research Articles

Understanding the relationship between slicing and measured fill density in material extrusion 3D printing towards precision porosity constructs for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications

BackgroundFill density is a critical parameter affecting the functional performance of 3D printed porous constructs in the biomedical and pharmaceutical domain. Numerous studies have reported the impact of fill density on the mechanical properties, diffusion characteristics and content release rates of constructs. However, due to the way in which slicing toolpath calculations are performed, there is substantial deviation between the measured and slicing fill density for relatively small sized constructs printed at low fill densities (high porosities). The purpose of the current study was to investigate this discrepancy using a combination of mathematical modeling and experimental validation.MethodsThe open source slicer Slic3r was used to 3D print 20 mm × 20 mm × 5 mm constructs at three identified slicing fill density values, 9.58%, 20.36% and 32.33% (exact values entered into software), in triplicates. A mathematical model was proposed to accurately predict fill density, and the measured fill density was compared to both the predicted as well as the slicing fill density. The model was further validated at two additional slicing fill densities of 15% and 40%. The total material within the construct was analyzed from the perspective of material extruded within the beads as well as the bead to bead interconnects using the predictive model.ResultsThe slicing fill density deviated substantially from measured fill density at low fill densities with absolute errors larger than 26% in certain instances. The proposed model was able to predict fill density to within 5% of the measured fill density in all cases. The average absolute error between predicted vs. measured fill density was 3.5%, whereas that between slicing vs. measured fill density was 13%. The material extruded in the beads varied from 86.5% to 95.9%, whereas that extruded in the interconnects varied from 13.5% to 4.1%.ConclusionsThe proposed model and approach was able to predict fill density to a reasonable degree of accuracy. Findings from the study could prove useful in applications where controlling construct fill density in relatively small sized constructs is important for achieving targeted levels of functional criteria such as mechanical strength, weight loss and content release rate.

Printability of a Cellulose Derivative for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing: The Application on a Biodegradable Support Material

Support material plays a leading role in the application of 3D printing to avoid deformation and enhance stability. This study aimed to fabricate the support structure by using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), which has advantages over conventional material such as low cost, low printable temperature, and high biodegradability. Once dissolved in water over gelling temperature, the HPMC based hydrogel exhibited shear-thinning behavior with decreasing apparent viscosity values at higher shear rates. The shear-dependent viscosity makes the HPMC hydrogel extrudable throughout the printing process and the printed structure stable enough without deformation. As concentration increased, apparent viscosity and storage modulus both subsequently increased. These rheological properties indicated that the concentration of HPMC K4M hydrogel significantly influenced the printability and shape retention ability, which is associated with the mechanical strength of printed filaments. The highest concentration, 12% w/v, should have the best ability to hold the printed shape over time due to the highest G' and lowest loss tangent. The printability test also showed that K4M 12% w/v could be printed into different fill density (100%, 75%, and 50%) with different patterns, i.e., rectilinear and Hilbert curve. The selection of fill density and pattern both have an effect on surface roughness and porosity. The printed support material was compatible with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), which is the material to fabricate the main structure for 3D printing. The support material made of HPMC can be easily removed by peeling off from the main structure without visible residual.

Additive manufacturing of biodegradable porous orthopaedic screw

Advent of additive manufacturing in biomedical field has nurtured fabrication of complex, customizable and reproducible orthopaedic implants. Layer-by-layer deposition of biodegradable polymer employed in development of porous orthopaedic screws promises gradual dissolution and complete metabolic resorption thereby overcoming the limitations of conventional metallic screws. In the present study, screws with different pore sizes (916 × 918 μm to 254 × 146 μm) were 3D printed at 200 μm layer height by varying printing parameters such as print speed, fill density and travel speed to augment the bone ingrowth. Micro-CT analysis and scanning electron micrographs of screws with 45% fill density confirmed porous interconnections (40.1%) and optimal pore size (259 × 207 × 200 μm) without compromising the mechanical strength (24.58 ± 1.36 MPa). Due to the open pore structure, the 3D printed screws showed increased weight gain due to the deposition of calcium when incubated in simulated body fluid. Osteoblast-like cells attached on screw and infiltrated into the pores over 14 days of in vitro culture. Further, the screws also supported greater human mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, proliferation and mineralized matrix synthesis over a period of 21 days in vitro culture as compared to non-porous screws. These porous screws showed significantly increased vascularization in a rat subcutaneous implantation as compared to control screws. Porous screws produced by additive manufacturing may promote better osteointegration due to enhanced mineralization and vascularization.

An Experimental Study of Surface Improvement in FDM Parts by Vapor Treatment Process

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most adaptable additive manufacturing method owing to the cost-effectiveness and environment-friendly nature. However, FDM technique still possesses major difficulties in terms of poor surface quality because of adding layer by layer manufacturing process for the prototypes. It is desirable to explore an efficient technique for FDM parts to enhance the poor surface quality and dimensions precision. In the present paper, an effort has been made to enhance the surface quality and optimize the critical processing parameter of FDM based benchmark using vapor smoothing process (VSP). A comparative experimental study has been performed by design of experiments (DOE), Taguchi technique to find the influence of input design parameters on the surface finish of benchmark FDM parts. The results of the present investigation show that VSP treatment improves the surface quality of FDM parts to micro level with negligible dimensional variation. It is observed that improved surface quality is found in the 1,2, -Dichloroethane chemical at 90° part build orientation, 0.25 mm layer thickness, 10% fill density and 90 second exposure times.

Influence of Structural Characteristics on the Mechanical Properties of FDM Printed PLA Material

The present study reports on the influence of printing process parameters, architecture, raster, infill orientation and filling on the density, macrostructure, and mechanical properties, including impact resistance, of biodegradable polymer parts fabricated in polylactide (PLA) on a desktop printer. It complements and considers phenomenologically the results of recently published similar studies, including the use of recycled filament. In our study, complex mechanical properties for the samples printed at the same time on a Replicator 2 printer were investigated. Three samples were printed for each test. Full mechanical characteristics (tensile, compression and bend strengths and impact resistance) of the printed PLA material are reported. This is the novelty in comparison to other studies, where the samples test were printed individually or in a series for each test. The shape and thickness of the layered macrostructure, the presence of holes inside the layers, the number of shell perimeters and the fill density all influenced the tensile properties of the printed materials. These results show the possibility of printing with a 0.3, i.e. shorter printing time than 0.1, 0.15 and 0.18 mm layer thicknesses also reported, without significant decrease in mechanical properties. It is interesting to note that the compressive strengths, the yield of 70–80 MPa and a UTS 113–120 MPa for the printed material with a fill density of 94–96% are comparable with those of aluminum.

Mechanical investigation and optimization of parameter selection for Nylon material processed by FDM

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is one type of additive manufacturing process, where the product is manufactured through layer by layer addition process with high accuracy using computer aided design data. 3-D printing technology is a growing sector of manufacturing, automotive, aerospace and many others. In all these fields it’s proven as the cost effective. In this research work, the 3D printed parts are designed according to ASTM standards and printed from a digital template file using the FDM machine. The material chosen for this 3-D printing parameter optimization is Nylon. In order to improve mechanical properties, tests like Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), impact strength, flexural strength and shore D hardness were processed through Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, It have been used with varying the input parameters like fill Density (FD) , Layer Height (LH) and Print Speed (PS). To study the influence of output parameters with respect to input parameters Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed.

Vibro-compaction at a land reclamation site in Phuket, Thailand

Phuket is the biggest island province in Thailand. Located in the southern part of the country, this island is famous and a favourite destination for foreign and Thai tourists alike. Consequently, this province continually develops with booming tourism and hence there is a need for large and advanced infrastructure. Construction projects are increasing each year, but the available land area is limited and land reclamation has therefore become an alternative. Sand backfill material is available on the island. However, the loose sand fill needs to be densified for structural support or structural foundations, and the ground improvement technique called vibroflotation is suitable for improving the sand density in a small area over a short period. This paper presents an assessment of the effectiveness of vibroflotation in the densification of sand fill, which was applied for the first time in Thailand. The standard penetration test values of the sand fill before and after improvement were compared, evaluated and confirmed with regard to liquefaction susceptibility during earthquake occurrences. It was confirmed that the vibroflotation technique can increase the density of sand fill in land reclamation and can increase its bearing capacity as well as prevent liquefaction during earthquakes.

Understanding ICF hohlraums using NIF gated laser-entrance-hole images

The newly available ns-gated laser-entrance-hole (LEH) imager on the National Ignition Facility provides routine, non-perturbative measurements of the x-ray emission from laser-heated plasmas inside the hohlraum as viewed at 19° to the hohlraum axis through one of its LEHs. Multiple images are acquired for a series of times and filter-selected x-ray energy bands within a single shot. The images provide time dependent data on phenomena including the effective radius of the LEH, the length of the gold-plasma “bubble” evolving off the interior wall surface heated by the outer beams, the evolving radius of the x-ray heated hohlraum wall, and the radius of the ablation front of the fusion capsule. These measurements are explained and illustrated with sample data. These techniques are then applied to understand hohlraum behavior as a function of gas fill. For hohlraums with helium gas fill densities of 0.15 to 0.30 mg/cm3, synthetic images computed from simulations agree well with experimental gated LEH images when an inhibited heat transport model [Jones et al., Phys. Plasmas 24, 056312 (2017)] is used. This model can be adjusted to reproduce the expansion rate of the laser-heated plasma bubble in such a way as to improve agreement with the images. At the higher 0.6 mg/cc gas fill, the experimental images show more pronounced 3D features, resulting in slightly less good agreement with the 2D simulations.

A Robust Experimental Model to Explore the Three-Dimensional Printing of Polylactide Parts: Solution versus Melt Extrusion

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a simple and versatile process for producing parts of complex geometries. Although the process possesses several manufacturing advantages, such as rapid prototyping, customization, and complexity, the optimization of the 3D printing procedure remains a challenge. Here we explore the influences of various processing conditions on the mechanical properties of melt extrusion- and solution extrusion-printed polylactide (PLA) products by adopting a robust experimental design model. In addition to the commercially available melt extrusion 3D printer, a novel solution-type 3D printer has been exploited especially for this study, which consists of a solution-type plunger-actuated feeding system, stepper motors and motion components, a power supply unit, a print bed, a user interface, and connectivity. The effects of various parameters were investigated by adopting a robust experimental design. We compared the parts printed using the melt extrusion and solution extrusion methods and found that, in the melt extrusion printing, the print speed and fill density were the principal parameters affecting product quality, while in the solution extrusion printing, oven temperature, fill density, and PLA/dichloromethane (DCM) ratio were the key parameters. By scanning electron microscopy, we found that the melt extrusion-printed parts exhibit a strip-like microstructure and the solution extrusion-printed parts show a fused surface morphology. Due to the addition of solvent, the solution-printed PLA material show a different thermal profile in the differential scanning calorimeter analysis, which in turn affects the mechanical behaviour of printed parts.

Experimental analysis of manufacturing parameters’ effect on the flexural properties of wood-PLA composite parts built through FFF

This paper aims to determine the flexural stiffness and strength of a composite made of a polylactic acid reinforced with wood particles, named commercially as Timberfill, manufactured through fused filament fabrication (FFF). The influence of four factors (layer height, nozzle diameter, fill density, and printing velocity) is studied through an L27Taguchi orthogonal array. The response variables used as output results for an analysis of variance are obtained from a set of four-point bending tests. Results show that the layer height is the most influential parameter on flexural strength, followed by nozzle diameter and infill density, whereas the printing velocity has no significant influence. Ultimately, an optimal parameter set that maximizes the material’s flexural strength is found by combining a 0.2-mm layer height, 0.7-mm nozzle diameter, 75% fill density, and 35-mm/s velocity. The highest flexural resistance achieved experimentally is 47.26 MPa. The statistical results are supported with microscopic photographs of fracture sections, and validated by comparing them with previous studies performed on non-reinforced PLA material, proving that the introduction of wood fibers in PLA matrix reduces the resistance of raw PLA by hindering the cohesion between filaments and generating voids inside it. Lastly, five solid Timberfill specimens manufactured by injection molding were also tested to compare their strength with the additive manufactured samples. Results prove that treating the wood-PLA through additive manufacturing results in an improvement of its resistance and elastic properties, being the Young’s module almost 25% lower than the injected material.

The use of statistical techniques to study the machine parameters affecting the properties of 3D printed cotton/polylactic acid fabrics

Textile materials have been combined with polymers using 3D printing technology, thus producing structures with novel properties. The aim of this study was to use statistical methods to determine the effect of 3D printing machine parameters on the mechanical properties of cotton fabrics combined with polylactic acid. Polylactic acid was printed on a cotton fabric using an Athena Fused Deposition Modelling 3D printer. The effect of extrusion temperature, printing speed, fill density and model height on adhesion force before and after washing was investigated. A study of the tensile strength was also undertaken using a central composite rotatable design and regression analysis. The experimental data were used to develop regression models to predict the properties of the cotton/ polylactic acid structures. The model for adhesion force before washing yielded a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.75 and an optimum adhesion force of 50.06 N/cm. The model for adhesion force had an R2 value of 0.84 and an optimum adhesion force of 42.91 N/cm and showed that adhesion force reduced after washing. Adhesion forces before and after washing were both positively correlated to extrusion temperature. However, they reduced with an increase in printing speed and model height. A positive correlation exists between tensile strength and temperature, while a negative correlation exists between tensile strength and printing speed and model height. From the results of this study, it was concluded that 3D printing parameters have an effect on the properties of the structures.

Optimization of the FDM Process Parameters to Attain the Desired Strength of ABS Specimens

The recent most admired additive manufacturing (AM) technique is the fused deposition method (FDM) because of its low cost and ease of operation. The FDM printed parts often suffered with lack of global or average strength, because of more strength in printed direction and leads to anisotropic mechanical properties. The most effective methods to obtain high tensile strength are the optimization of process parameters of FDM process to manufacture high strength Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) samples. The present research paper objective is to analyze the process parameters effect on tensile strength of FDM printed specimen with ABS. The specimen is prepared as per the D638 ASTM standards. The specimens are printed in accordance with L9 matrix a Taguchi method. The chosen FDM process parameters are fill density with 40, 60 and 80(%), print speed with values of 60, 80 and 100(mm/min), and layer thickness 100, 200 and 300(microns). From the tensile strength investigation of ABS samples, the maximum tensile strength of 24.866 MPa is obtained with specimen build with the parameters, infill-80%, speed- 100mm/min and layer thickness 0.2mm. This proposed research work is useful to decide the effective FDM process factors and their working ranges to manufacture the ABS components or parts.

On the strain-life fatigue parameters of additive manufactured plastic materials through fused filament fabrication process

In this paper, the effects of part build directions or raster orientations have been studied on the strain-life fatigue parameters of a wide range of 3D printed plastic materials. These materials have been manufactured through Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), also known under its trademarked name Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). To do so, precise analyses of fatigue data with the Ramberg-Osgood form of stress-strain curves were utilized through a strain-based approach to fatigue. The effects of different load ratios and types of loading on fatigue parameters have also been studied. Materials considered in this study were Ultem 9085, Polycarbonate (PC), and Polylactic Acid (PLA). Additive manufactured plastic parts that are FDM-processed exhibited large anisotropy of strain-life fatigue parameters. Hence, the upper and lower bounds for fatigue life prediction were introduced based on the strongest and weakest part build directions or raster orientations of 3D printed materials. For all materials studied in the present paper, fill densities, which seem to have significant impact on fatigue strength of 3D printed parts, have been selected based on the maximum fatigue strength of each part. Results showed that, in some build orientations, the transition fatigue life does not exist. In other orientations, in which the plastic strain components are high enough, transition fatigue lives vary roughly between 20–400 cycles. This means that if the part design in very low cycle fatigue regime is of interest, plastic strains and more complicated plasticity analysis are needed. Results show that the load ratio has no major impact on the fatigue parameters of 3D printed PC parts. In addition, changing in the loading type from tensile fatigue to rotating bending fatigue can significantly impact the fatigue strength coefficient of 3D printed PLA specimens however, it does not noticeably alter the fatigue strength exponents.

Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printing Polylactic Acid Parts subjected to Bending Stress and Fatigue Testing.

This paper aims to analyse the mechanical properties response of polylactic acid (PLA) parts manufactured through fused filament fabrication. The influence of six manufacturing factors (layer height, filament width, fill density, layer orientation, printing velocity, and infill pattern) on the flexural resistance of PLA specimens is studied through an L27 Taguchi experimental array. Different geometries were tested on a four-point bending machine and on a rotating bending machine. From the first experimental phase, an optimal set of parameters deriving in the highest flexural resistance was determined. The results show that layer orientation is the most influential parameter, followed by layer height, filament width, and printing velocity, whereas the fill density and infill pattern show no significant influence. Finally, the fatigue fracture behaviour is evaluated and compared with that of previous studies’ results, in order to present a comprehensive study of the mechanical properties of the material under different kind of solicitations.

Simple and Rapid Creation of Customized 3D Printed Bolus Utilizing iPhone X True Depth Camera

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has effectively produced patient-specific bolus materials during radiation treatment for superficial tumors along irregular skin surfaces. Traditional bolus materials in comparison, are often difficult to manipulate for proper fit, and can be difficult to reproduce. Current 3D printed boluses are made from either pre-existing computed tomography (CT) scans or complex surface scanning methods. Here, we introduce an inexpensive, convenient approach to generating 3D printed bolus from surface scanning technology available in common smartphones. 3D printed bolus was designed using surface scans from iphone X true depth cameras and a low cost 3D printer. The percentage density infill was adjusted to achieve tissue equivalence. To evaluate the clinical feasibility, fit against skin surface and radiation dose distribution was compared to traditional bolus. We fabricated customized 3D printed bolus for different areas of the face utilizing an iphone X camera and an inexpensive commercially available 3D printer. When printed at 100% density this bolus material approximated soft tissue/water and provided an equivalent dose distribution to that found with standard bolus materials on direct comparison. The bolus material was inexpensive and produces an ideal fit with the scanned anatomy. We present a simplified method of highly customized bolus production that requires minimal experience with computer modeling programs and can be accomplished with an iphone true depth camera.

Behavior of Swelling Soil Treated by Grid Geocell Columns under a Tank Footing

Fuel tanks usually induce large settlements due to heavy loading which requires treatment for the underlying soils. In this paper, a method of treating the swelling of expansive soil is presented. The method is simply based on the embedment of a geogrid (or a geomesh) in the soil. The geogrid is extended continuously inside the volume of soil where the swell is required to be controlled and orientated in the direction of swell. Soils with different swelling potentials were employed; bentonite-based Na and kaolinite mixed with bentonite. To investigate the swell, swell- partial shrinkage and other phenomena for untreated soils in comparison with their counterparts of treated soils, laboratory model tests were carried out in 800 × 200 mm box container and 600 mm in height. Swelling and cyclic wetting along with drying tests were carried out on each sample with pore water pressure measurement. Swelling test in the model reveals promising results of the proposed treatment technique. The improvement factors, range between 30% to 60 % depending on the geogrid stiffness, soil plasticity, fill martial (sand or clay) and dry density of sand fill. The geocell has a significant effect on the experimental results. The reduction in swell increases with increasing the geogrid stiffness and when using sand as a fill material, the reduction is apparently due to a strong interference bond which restricts the relative movement between the clay and the grid. The use of geocell filled with the same expansive soil causes a decrease by about 19% and 42 % in the final swelling of soils, whereas filling the cell with sand causes about 35 % and 64 % reduction for the soils, respectively. The treatment method shows the activity of geocell fill material in reducing the matric suction (pore water pressure). When sand is used, a new channel is created for the dissipation of pore water pressure.

Optimasi Parameter Mesin 3D Bioprinter dengan Response Surface Method

This research uses material polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and hydroxyapatite (HA). The composition of PMMA: MMA is 1: 1 with the ratio composition of HA to PMMA powder is 0.50: 1 (w/w). The composition will be printed with a 3D Bioprinter that has 1.5 mm nozzle. The parameters of the 3D Bioprinter`s tested are perimeter speed with a range of 20 mm/s, 30 mm/s and 40 mm/s, infill speed with a range of 50 mm/s, 60 mm/s, and 70 mm/s, and fill density with a range of 40 mm/s, 50 mm/s and 60 mm/s. These parameters were optimized using response surface method with Minitab software 17. The design of specimens to be printed with a 3D Bioprinter machine using ASTM D638 Type 1. This design will be tested with dimensional measurement and tensile strength. The result of this study is indicated the optimal point at 31.15 mm/s for the perimeter speed`s parameter, 58.84 mm/s for the infill speed`s parameter and 64% for the fill density`s parameter. Dimension of the design is added with a scale of 1: 1.02 mm for length`s dimensions, 1: 1.08 mm for width`s dimensions, 1: 1.09 mm for narrow width`s dimensions and 1: 1.17 mm for thick`s dimensions.

Sustainable FDM additive manufacturing of ABS components with emphasis on energy minimized and time efficient lightweight construction

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely used additive manufacturing process with applications in rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing. In view of increasing trend of sustainable manufacturing, the present study was focused on analyzing the process sustainability with an objective to ensure lightweight construction with minimized energy consumption and printing time. Having extensive applications in industry and being an amenable printing material, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) was used as the test material. A Design of Experiments (DoE) composed of 46 tests was conducted by varying four different printing parameters namely layer thickness, fill density, feed rate and shell thickness. Three important measures of sustainable manufacturing (specific energy, specific mass and specific time) were measured during experimentation. The statistical variance analysis was performed on the DoE results, which revealed that the considered printing parameters had significant influence on the mentioned sustainability measures with an exception that the feed rate did not affect the specific mass. The values of these measures were observed to decrease with a decrease in the fill density and shell thickness, and an increase in the layer thickness and feed rate: feed rate, however, did not affect the specific mass. The degree of these effects was observed to depend on the companion printing parameters thereby showing strong interactive and complex effects of parameters. This suggests that the printing parameters should be chosen judiciously in order to achieve sustainable printing, for which results presented in this study can be greatly helpful. Regression analysis was performed to devise prediction models with a purpose to estimate considered sustainability measures for FDM printing of ABS material. Finally, optimum printing conditions are proposed in order to ensure sustainable printing in the FDM process.

The storage performance of automotive cryo-compressed hydrogen vessels

Cryo-compressed hydrogen storage promises to deliver the highest system storage density leading to practical vehicles with range comparable to today's gasoline vehicles and fundamental cost and safety advantages. However, cryogenic vessels are complex systems, continuously drifting in thermodynamic space depending on use patterns, insulation performance, vessel characteristics, liquid hydrogen pump performance, and para-H2 to ortho-H2 conversion. In this paper, cryogenic vessel fill density results from a previous publication are extended to calculate system storage performance, including volumetric (gH2/L), gravimetric (H2 weight fraction), and vent losses over a broad range of conditions. The results confirm previous experiments and models indicating that cryogenic pressure vessels have maximum system density of all available storage technologies while avoiding vent losses in all but the most extreme situations. Design pressures in the range 250–350 bar seem most advantageous due to high system density and low weight and cost, although determining an optimum pressure demands a complete economic and functional analysis. Future insulation, vessel, and liquid hydrogen pump improvements are finally analyzed that, while not experimentally demonstrated to date, show promise of being feasible in the future as their level of technical maturity increases, leading to maximum H2 storage performance for cryo-compressed storage. If proven feasible and incorporated into future cryogenic vessels, these improvements will enable 50 + gH2/L system density at 10+% H2 weight fraction.

Investigations of the Influence of Polystyrene Foamed Granules on the Properties of Lightweight Concrete

Abstract This paper deals with the behaviour of cement paste upon the addition of crushed polystyrene foam. Crushed polystyrene foam waste with a fill density of 13.97 kg/m3 and hydrated lime were used to prepare the foam. Three different types of samples S-1, S-2, and S-3 were prepared to observe the behaviour of cement pastes after the addition of different doses of foam in constant water/cement ratio. The volumetric ratio of EPS and cement paste were 1: 1.294; 1: 0.863; and 1: 0.647. In each type of sample, 0.28 water/cement ratio is maintained. Slump test was carried out in the fresh state and it has been found slump value was decreasing by increasing foam content in concrete sample. On the 7th and 28th day of curing process, the compressive strength test was carried out. Compressive strength and density of concrete samples also decreasing by addition of higher foam content. In addition, water absorption test and microscopic analysis tests were carried out on the 28th day of curing process. It has been found from the study that samples thermal conductivity is working proportionally.