The rapid development of high-frequency electronic devices not only brings the rise of electronic information fields but also causes harm caused by a large amount of heat accumulation in the equipment. Herein, we build a continuous heat transfer framework formed by growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in an oriented boron nitride structure. The ice-dissolving complexation (IDC) method couples the orientation construction of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) and the surface localization of cobalt ions (Co2+) under mild conditions. The reduced Co on the surface of BNNS utilizes its catalytic ability to realize the in-situ conversion of styrene into CNTs, which link adjacent BNNS through covalent bonding to form a fluent heat transfer pathway. The oriented thermal conduction channel and low thermal resistance interface structure promote the through-plane and in-plane thermal conductivity of the composite to reach 4.83 W m−1 K−1 and 1.98 W m−1 K−1, respectively. Its light weight, compression resistance, and insulation give this composite a vaster application prospect. The design of such an efficient composite filler thermal conductivity network provides ideas for constructing of new thermal management materials.