Types Of Fillers Research Articles

Synergetic enhancement of wear resistance of polyimide coatings through the integration of MoS2 nanoflowers and MXene nanosheets

Composite nano-lubricating fillers have attracted much attention due to their excellent synergistic effect. In this study, MoS2 nanoflowers composed of two-dimensional nanosheets were synthesized by precise control of hydrothermal conditions. Using the "bridging" effect of dopamine, the flower-like MoS2 was assembled with MXene to form a unique compound filler. This distinctive structure perfectly retained the shape of the MoS2 flower. The impacts of compound fillers on the thermodynamic, mechanistic, and frictional properties of polyimide (PI) coatings were scrutinized. The formation of the compound fillers between MXene and MoS2 effectively improve the interface compatibility of individual materials in the PI matrix. The compound fillers can enhance the thermodynamic stability and mechanical properties of PI. It is noteworthy that the frictional coefficient of the PI/(MoS2:MXene = 4:6) compound coating decreased by 47.2 %, and the attrition rate reduced by 98.5 % compared to the pure PI coating. The compound lubricating filler prepared by the combination of two types of two-dimensional lubrication fillers has an important application prospect in the field of wear resistance of polymer materials.

Coniferous Bark as Filler for Polylactic Acid-Based Biocomposites.

This study explores the possibilities of utilisation of coniferous bark as a filler in wood-polymer composites (WPCs), its impact on properties such as the modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) after 2 h and 24 h of immersion in water and the significance of this impact compared to other factors. Six variants of bark-polylactic acid (PLA) WPCs were manufactured, differentiated by their filler content and filler particle size. As a comparison, analogous composites filled with coniferous sawdust were also manufactured. Bark-filled composites were characterised by lower TS and WA after both 2 h and 24 h of immersion, as well as lower water contact angles and surface free energy. The bark filler decreased the composites' MORs and MOEs, while greater differences were noticed for variants filled with small particles. The type of filler was the second most important factor contributing to variance in this study, with the filler content being the most important one.

Comparison of Water Sorption and Water Solubility Properties of Current Restorative Materials with Different Contents.

This study aimed to investigate and compare water sorption and solubility properties of current restorative materials with different contents. Alkasite, self-adhesive restorative material (Cention N, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), bulk-fill glass hybrid restorative material (EQUIA Forte HT, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan), nanohybrid universal composite material (OptiShade, Kerr Dental, United States), and bulk-fill composite material (Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States) were used. Samples (n = 6) were prepared (2 × 10 mm) according to the ISO 4049 standards. Water sorption and solubility values were calculated according to the ISO 4049 standards. One-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc, Tamhane's T2 post-hoc, Pearson's correlation, and independent samples t-tests were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Group EQUIA Forte HT significantly showed the highest water sorption values (57.278 ± 3.174), while Group Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative exhibited the lowest (4.429 ± 0.174; p < 0.05). The water sorption values for Group Cention N were 5.000 ± 0.542. Group EQUIA Forte HT significantly had the lowest water solubility values (-99.799 ± 1.909), while Group Cention N (-2.966 ± 0.402) significantly exhibited the highest (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between water sorption and solubility values for each material (p > 0.05). The bulk-fill nano-filled composite resin material was successful in terms of water sorption while the bulk-fill glass hybrid restorative system in terms of water solubility. Alkasite can be recommended to be used as a base material due to its high solubility feature. Monomer, filler type, and amount had an impact on the water sorption and solubility properties of the tested materials.

The effect of silane‐modified carbon black and nano‐silica, individually and in combination, on the performance of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber

AbstractThis study assesses the effectiveness of a specially developed surface‐modified carbon black, both on its own and in combination with nano‐silica, as a hybrid filler for ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) rubber compounds. The modification process, which included treatment with a silane coupling agent, resulted in enhanced curing characteristics. The ∆Torque values for compounds incorporating the modified carbon black exceeded those of other formulations by 25.85%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated improved filler dispersion and better compatibility between rubber and filler due to the surface modification. The silane‐modified carbon black showed considerable enhancements in mechanical properties, particularly in tear resistance, with increases in tensile and tear strength of 22.46% and 34.86%, respectively, following surface treatment. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated the influence of both surface modification and filler type, revealing that the combination of modified carbon black and nano‐silica achieved a reduction in rolling resistance of 20.41% and enhanced ice and wet grip performance by 7.95%. Additionally, modified carbon black displayed varying effects on the glass transition temperature. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that the thermal stability of the compounds was consistent, while solvent resistance improved with surface modification, as shown by swelling ratios. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the surface modification of carbon black positively influences the elasticity and chain mobility of the rubber compounds studied. In conclusion, the careful selection and optimization of filler materials and their modifications are essential for customizing the properties of rubber compounds to satisfy specific performance criteria and applications.Highlights Promising EPDM compounds were prepared with Silane‐Modified CB and Nano‐Silica. Silane‐modified CB effectively improved the curing properties of the EPDM compound. The ΔTorque and cross‐link density of modified CB/EPDM show the highest value. Modified CB/Nano‐Silica/EPDM exhibited significant improvement in tear strength. Modified CB/Nano‐silica/EPDM have lower rolling resistance and higher wet grip.

The role of oculoplastic surgeons in minimally invasive cosmetic injectables.

In recent years, the field of aesthetic medicine has witnessed a paradigm shift with an increasing demand for minimally invasive cosmetic procedures, including cosmetic injectables. This review aims to delineate the distinctive role played by oculoplastic surgeons in the administration of cosmetic injectables, comparing their expertise to that of nonphysician practitioners. Complications arising from cosmetic injections are discussed, including skin discoloration, inflammation, necrosis, vision loss, retinal pathology, and central nervous system adverse effects. Injector expertise, patient factors, type of filler, location of injection, and management strategies are reviewed. Findings highlight diverse practitioner involvement, common adverse effects like skin necrosis and vision loss, with hyaluronic acid fillers being prominent. Areas at the highest risk for ocular complication include the glabella and nose with potential management involving dissolving fillers and reducing pressure. Emphasis is placed on expert injector selection and patient awareness. The administration of cosmetic injectables requires a profound understanding of facial anatomy, vasculature, and potential complications. In contrast to nonphysician practitioners, oculoplastic and aesthetic surgeons bring a level of anatomical precision and clinical acumen that is essential for navigating the complexities of cosmetic injectables. Emphasis on training and collaboration among practitioners will be essential in advancing the field while prioritizing patient safety and satisfaction.

Ways to decarbonize the construction industry as a modern challenge for obtaining low-carbon building materials

The analysis of modern approaches and ideas for the production of new building composite materials with a low carbon footprint, including those obtained using recycled materials from man-made waste, is presented. It is concluded that the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the production of low-carbon concretes occurs as a result of replacing part of the cement with other types of binders or special fillers that ensure the preservation or improvement of the basic parameters of the structure of the building material, or due to technologies that reduce the clinker fraction of the binder while maintaining the specified properties of concrete. The leaders in the world practice in the field of low-carbon materials science are noted. The relevance of the development of the topic of environmental safety and sustainable development is indicated.

Polymer Concretes Based on Thermosetting Polymers: Technological, Physical, Mechanical Properties and Use in Construction

The article provides an analytical review of the main problems and prospects for the use and introduction of polymer concrete in modern construction industries. It was found that due to high plasticity, low porosity and the ability to quickly gain strength, polymer concretes are used for the manufacture of decorative products of small architecture, structural load-bearing and decorative overhead parts, decorative paving tiles and paving stones, products for hydrotechnical purposes, etc. by methods of vibration molding and casting. The classification of polymer concretes used in modern construction industries is provided, as well as an idea of the properties of the most popular polymer concretes based on thermosetting polymers – furan, epoxy and polyester. The advantages and disadvantages of known polymer concretes and the main promising directions of implementation for the manufacture of building products and structures are given. Attention is focused on the influence of the qualitative and quantitative composition of polymer concrete, the nature of the thermosetting polymer binder, the type of fillers and aggregates, the terms of hardening, the degree of polymerization on the most important physical, mechanical and technological properties of the finished materials.

Stretchable Conductive Inks with Carbon‐Based Fillers for Conformable Printed Electronics

With the constant increase of electronic waste globally, society is demanding and governments are boosting the development of electronics with less pollutant materials and reduced environmental impact. One way to achieve this is to implement materials that are functional and structural at the same time, reducing material use and assembling parts. Further, printing techniques, such as screen printing, reduce considerably costs and time compared with conventional electronics; combined with methods to conform printed electronics to a 3D shape, such as thermoforming, allow to obtain nonplanar surface electronics simply and efficiently. Herein, screen‐printable inks made of styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene and different aspect‐ratio carbon‐based materials for conformable electronics are reported. The inks are prepared with carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and reduced graphene oxide as conductive fillers, printed on a flexible substrate and thermoformed. Carbon black and carbon nanotube samples are functional after the process, with conductivities of 96 and 141 S m−1 for the best performing sample of each filler, respectively. Rheological, morphological, thermal, and electrical properties of the materials are also characterized. This study shows the influence of the filler's type and aspect ratio on the morphology and electrical conductivity of the printed materials before and after thermoforming.

How Can the Filler-Polymer Interaction in Mixed Matrix Membranes Be Enhanced?

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) constitute a type of molecular separation membranes in which a nanomaterial type filler is dispersed in a given polymer to enhance its selective permeation ability. The key issue in MMMs is the establishing of a proper filler-polymer interaction to avoid non-selective transport paths while increasing permeability but also to improve other membrane properties such as aging and plasticization. Along the pass years several strategies have been applied to enhance the physicochemical interaction between the fillers (e.g. silicas, zeolites, porous coordination polymers, carbonaceous materials, etc.) and the membrane polymers: increase of external surface area, priming, use of intrinsically more compatible fillers, in situ synthesis of filler, in situ polymerization, polymer side-chain modification and post-synthetic modification of filler.

Effect of different IFS (MWCNTs, BN, and ZnO) on flame retardant, thermal and mechanical properties of PA6/aluminum diisobutyl phosphinate composites

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of the synergistic flame retardation of aluminum diisobutyl phosphinate acid (APBA) with three inorganic fillers of different dimensions (multi‐walled carbon nanotubes [MWCNTs] [1‐dimensional], hexagonal boron nitride [BN] [2‐dimensional], and zinc oxide [ZnO] [3‐dimensional]), respectively, on the properties of nylon 6 (polyamide 6 [PA6]) materials were investigated. It was shown that under the same additive amount, with the increase of spatial dimension of inorganic fillers, the thermal stability and residual carbon capacity were improved. Which would catalyze the formation of more and denser carbon layers in the matrix material, effectively blocked the transfer of oxygen and heat, enhanced the cohesive‐phase flame retardancy of synergistic flame‐retardant PA6 composites, and exerted a better synergistic flame‐retardant effect with APBA. So that the flame‐retardant properties of PA6 composites were gradually improved, and the mechanical properties were also gradually increased. The comprehensive performance of three types of inorganic fillers gradually improves in the order of MWCNTs &lt; BN &lt; ZnO. When the addition amount of ZnO was 2 wt%, the vertical combustion grade (UL‐94) of PA6 composite was V‐0, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was as high as 36.5%. The tensile strain increased by 19.11% and impact strength increased by 20.26% compared with PA6, and PA6/APBA‐Zn can be used as a flame retardant PA6 composite material with balanced overall performance.Highlights Diisobutylaluminium hypophosphite and inorganic fillers have efficient synergistic flame retardant effects in PA6. With the increase of spatial dimension of inorganic fillers, the better the synergistic flame retardant effect in PA6. The flame retardant can degrade to release the phosphorous free radicals. Inorganic fillers can cross‐link with the PA6 substrate and promote the charring.

Establishment and evaluation of dynamic viscoelasticity constitutive model for asphalt mixtures based on PCA model: Utilizing coal-based synthetic natural gas slag and phosphogypsum whisker as substitute fillers

To promote the secondary utilization of solid waste in asphalt pavement and reduce resource waste and environmental damage, the fine solid waste powder from the secondary treatment of solid waste was used as a substitute filler to prepare asphalt mixtures. To more precisely characterize the effects of filler type and substitution ratio on the dynamic viscoelastic mechanical characteristics of asphalt mixtures, the dynamic modulus test was conducted on asphalt mixtures, while the dynamic modulus master curve of asphalt mixtures was established based on the time-temperature equivalent principle and the Sigmoidal function. The improved generalized Sigmoidal (IGS) model, five-parameter fractional Zener (FFZ) model, six-parameter fractional Zener (SFZ) model and ten-parameter fractional Zener (TFZ) model were used to construct the shrinkage frequency curves of different asphalt mixtures under different constitutive relationships, whereas the applicability of the constitutive models was further evaluated by the principal component analysis (PCA) model. The research results showed that the dynamic modulus and phase angle of the mixture exhibited a similar change rule with the variation of temperature and frequency, and the use of solid waste-based fillers could effectively reduce the effect of frequency variation on the viscoelasticity of the mixture. The dynamic modulus master curve constructed by Sigmoidal function could accurately describe the functional relationship between the dynamic modulus with loading frequency and temperature, and the variation trend of dynamic modulus in a wider frequency range was flattened with the increase in frequency, and this change rule was not affected by the substitution ratio of the filler, while the use of solid waste-based filler could reduce the dependence of the mixture on the temperature. Compared to several fractional constitutive models, the IGS model exhibited a higher fitting accuracy for the dynamic viscoelasticity of several mixtures, and with the use of solid waste-based fillers, the deviation of fitting curves gradually decreased. A comparative study showed that the fractional constitutive model was difficult to accurately describe the dynamic viscoelasticity of the mixture, and the IGS model was preferred to be recommended as a calculation model to investigate the constitutive relationship on the dynamic viscoelasticity of the mixture.

Development and characterization of flexible carbon temperature sensors: a study on different inks and sensor designs

Several industries and applications rely on the accurate monitoring of temperature. Consequently, the development and integration of reliable and flexible temperature sensors that are able to conform to different surfaces is desirable. Despite being a known fact that the used materials, chosen technologies, sensor size, and design tend to impact the performance of said sensors, not many studies focus on the analysis of the influence of these factors. As a result, this work intended to explore how the performance of carbon-based screen-printed temperature sensors could be tuned or optimized by changing the ink and the design of the printed sensors. Therefore, two commercial carbon inks and three different designs were used to create the herein-studied temperature sensors. Firstly, to explore potential differences between the used inks, their morphologic, chemical, and electrical properties were evaluated, allowing further insights to be gathered regarding the filler type, composition, and bulk resistivity. After printing the sensors, they were also submitted to electrical impedance spectroscopy, which allowed for a circuit equivalent model to be proposed for each sensor type, unraveling how current flew across the printed materials. Then, a full factorial statistical analysis was outlined and conducted to uncover which combination of factors allowed to optimize the sensors’ performance, i.e. lower initial resistance, higher thermal coefficient of resistance (TCR), and higher correlation coefficient (R2) of the responses. To gather the experimental data, the electrical response of the sensors (resistance variation) to increasing temperature was collected. As a result of these experiments, it was revealed that ink 1 (based upon carbon nanoparticles) allowed to obtain less resistive sensors and, even though ink 2 (based upon carbon nanotubes) presented higher sensitivity, ink 1 resulted in higher linearity of the sensors. Overall, the factor design had less influence on the results than the factor ink. Notwithstanding, design 1 could be used to obtain sensors with lower native resistance and higher linearity. To sum up, using ink 1 combined with design 1 (fewer hoops and thicker line width) allowed to obtain temperature sensors with average resistance at room temperature of 7.8 kΩ, a TCR of 1.13 %.ºC−1, and R2 of 0.99, which means the herein studied sensors present a very promising behavior when compared to the sensors in the preexisting literature. Thus, the proposed optimized sensors presented attractive characteristics as flexible printed temperature sensors.

Experimental study on construction quality control standards of rubber granule-fluidized fly ash roadbed fillers

As a new type of roadbed filler, the lack of construction quality control standards for rubber particles-fluid fly ash will limit its large-scale popularization and application. In this paper, the key factors affecting the quality of filler casting were selected through indoor tests, and the research on the construction quality control standard of rubber granule-fluid fly ash roadbed filler was carried out to get the optimal construction parameters of filler, and the sensitivity of each parameter was analyzed to make clear the order of the significance of the different construction factors affecting the compressive strength of filler. The results show that: the more the number of layered layers, the shorter the pouring interval, the longer the mixing time, the faster the mixing speed, the smaller the pouring angle, the shorter the soaking time, the greater the strength of the casting body. Too high or too low temperature will reduce the strength of the casting body, and the strength of the casting body is maximum when casting at 20℃. The specimens with different pouring thicknesses showed the strength distribution pattern of large strength in the upper and lower parts and small strength in the middle. Sensitivity analysis showed that the factors affecting the strength of the casting body in the order of significance were casting temperature, casting interval time, casting humidity, casting angle, mixing time and number of layered layers.

Surgical fixation methods for tibial plateau fractures.

Tibial plateau fractures, which are intra-articular injuries of the knee joint, are often difficult to treat and have a high complication rate, including early-onset osteoarthritis. The most common treatment for complex tibial plateau fractures is surgical fixation. Additionally, orthopaedic surgeons often use bone defect fillers to address bone defects caused by the injury. Currently, there is no consensus on the best method of fixation and on whether bone defect fillers are necessary. To assess the benefits and harms of different surgical interventions and bone defect fillers for treating tibial plateau fractures. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and trial registries up to March 2023. We also searched conference proceedings and the grey literature. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing surgical interventions for treating tibial plateau fractures and different types of filler for bone defects. Two review authors independently screened search results, selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences (MDs) or standardised mean differences (SMDs) for continuous outcomes, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our primary outcomes (and the specific measures we considered most relevant) were generic quality of life (general health score in the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36)), patient-reported lower limb function (Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score), and adverse events (frequency of unplanned reoperation). We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence. We included 15 trials in the review, with a total of 948 adult participants. Nine trials compared different types of fixation, and six trials evaluated different types of bone graft substitutes. All 15 trials were small and at high risk of bias. We considered most available evidence to be of very low certainty, meaning we have very little confidence in the results. Only limited pooling was possible. One trial compared circular fixation combined with insertion of percutaneous screws (hybrid fixation) versus standard open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in 82 people with open or closed Schatzker types V or VI tibial plateau fractures. At 24 months' follow-up, hybrid fixation compared with ORIF may have little or no effect on SF-36 general health score (MD 6 points higher, 95% CI 7.7 points lower to 19.7 points higher; 66 participants), patient-reported lower limb function according to the HSS score (MD 7 points higher, 95% CI 2.4 points lower to 16.4 points higher; 66 participants), or frequency of unplanned reoperation (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.32; 83 fractures (82 participants)). However, the evidence for all three outcomes is very uncertain. Three trials (with 242 participants) compared single-plating ORIF versus double-plating ORIF. There may be little to know difference in patient-reported lower limb function (HSS score) at 24 months' follow-up in people who undergo single-plating ORIF compared with those who undergo double-plating ORIF (MD 0.2 points higher, 95% CI 2.12 points lower to 2.52 points higher; 1 study, 84 participants), but the evidence is very uncertain. There were no data for quality of life or unplanned reoperation at 24 months' follow-up. Six trials (including 368 participants) compared bone substitute versus autologous bone graft (autograft) for managing bone defects. No trials reported SF-36 general health score, HSS score, or frequency of unplanned reoperation at 24 months' follow-up. There is insufficient evidence to ascertain the best method of fixation or the best method of addressing bone defects during surgery in people with tibial plateau fractures. Further well-designed RCTs with larger sample sizes are warranted.

Aging assessment of silicone rubber materials under corona discharge accompanied by humidity and UV radiation

Abstract High voltage (HV) outdoor insulators are subjected to both electrical and environmental stresses, which may lead to their failure. Among the causes, corona discharge, humidity and UV radiation are considered to be the most damaging factors. Efforts are therefore underway to investigate new materials for improving the performance of insulating systems. In this research work, silicone-based room temperature vulcanized samples filled with alumina trihydrate (ATH), silicon dioxide and magnesium hydroxide (MH) were prepared and exposed to AC corona discharge for a duration of 110 h. The electric discharge was also accompanied by UV radiation and two different humidity levels. Following aging of the test samples, diagnosis was conducted to assess their integrity. Measurements based on determining the static contact angle demonstrated the loss of hydrophobicity of all the materials, while hydrophobicity recovery phenomena revealed that ATH-doped materials demonstrated a comparatively higher increase in the contact angle than in samples filled with silicone dioxide (silica) and MH. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed deep cracks and block-like structures on their surfaces. Similarly, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicated the signs of surface oxidation of the aged samples. However, the data of elemental composition exhibited the loss of filler contents as well as that of carbon from the base matrix. The overall assessment showed that resistance to suppress aging is influenced by both the filler type and its concentration in the investigated composites. The ATH-filled composites exhibited outstanding performance when exposed to the rigors of corona discharge and other environmental stresses. This research contributes to materials science and HV engineering by addressing the development of composites for enhanced insulator performance, with future aspects lying in the utilization of nano-composites for advanced functionality and durability.

Molecular-Level Modification of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether ketone sulfone) with Polyoxovanadate-Ionic Liquid for High-Performance Proton Exchange Membranes.

In this work, a proton-conductive inorganic filler based on polyoxovanadate (NH4)7[MnV13O38] (AMV) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (EMIM TFSI) was synthesized for hybridization with sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone sulfone) (SPAEKS) to address the "trade-off" between high proton conductivity and mechanical strength. The novel inorganic filler AMV-EMIM TFSI (AI) was uniformly dispersed and stable within the polymer matrix due to the enhanced ionic interaction. AI provided additional proton transport sites, leading to an elevated ion exchange capacity (IEC) and improved proton conductivity, even at low swelling ratios. The optimized SPAEKS-50/AI-5 (50 for degree of sulfonation of SPAEKS and 5 for weight percentage of AI filler) membrane exhibited the highest proton conductivity of 0.188 S·cm-1 at 80 °C with an IEC of 2.38 mmol·g-1. The enhancement of intermolecular forces improved the mechanical strength from 35 to 55 MPa and improved the elongation at break from 17 to 45%, indicating excellent mechanical properties. The hybrid membrane also demonstrated reinforced methanol resistance due to the hydrogen bonding network and blocking effect, making it suitable for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications, which exhibited a power density of 15.1 mW·cm-2 at 80 °C. The possibility of further functionalizing these hybrid membranes to tailor their properties for specific applications presents exciting new avenues for research and development. By modification of the type and distribution of fillers or incorporation of additional functional groups, the membranes could be customized to meet the unique demands of various energy storage and conversion systems, enhancing their performance and broadening their application scope. This work provides new insights into the design of polymer electrolyte membranes through inorganic filler hybridization.

Evaluation of wear and friction properties of graphite modified Lubri polylactic acid with various infill fabricated by additive manufacturing techniques

AbstractThree‐dimension (3D) printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing, is a manufacturing technology that creates three‐dimensional objects by depositing material layer by layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methods. However, the newness of the technology brings with it many unknowns. In particular, the raw materials used are constantly increasing. For this reason, testing each raw material used in many aspects and to determine the optimum production conditions is important for the wide use of 3D printing technology. These optimal conditions may be the parameters used to produce a material, and sometimes they can appear as a new material. In addition, the production of new materials with varying production parameters is fundamental research topic that requires comprehensive study. For all these purposes, in this study, a new material type known as Lubri PLA (LPLA) was selected and produced in different filling types and subjected to a series of friction and wear tests. Thus, it is aimed to determine the tribological properties of the material. Additionally, samples were produced in ten different infill types (grid, lines, triangels, hexagon, cubic, octal, zigzag, diagonal, diagonal 3D and gyroid) to show the effect of filler type on friction and wear behavior. These filler types were used for both PLA and Lubri PLA materials and a total of twenty samples were produced. Thereby, it is aimed to conduct a comprehensive study showing the effect of both material difference and filling type on friction‐wear behavior. Diameter deviations, hardness deviations, friction coefficient, temperature, specific wear rates (SWr), and vibration were selected as output parameters. According to the analysis of the test results, the best result in terms of material structure was given by Lubri PLA, while the best result in terms of filling type was obtained with Diagonal 3D filling type. In addition, the lowest vibration level was obtained in the LP‐Diagonal 3D sample with 0.041 mm/s2, while the highest vibration level was obtained in the P‐Grid sample with 1.756 mm/s2.Highlights LPLA closed to nominal value in diameter and hardness deviations Addition of graphite nanoparticle increased the dimensional accuracy Diagonal 3D infill type Lubri PLA composites showed the superior performance Graphite modified Lubri PLA composites demonstrated superior performance

Paving the Way for Sustainability: A Study on Porous Asphalt Mixtures Reinforced with LDPE Plastic Waste and Freshwater Mussel (Pilsbryoconcha Exilis) Shell Filler

This study aimed to explore the impact of different fillers, namely conventional (stone ash) and alternative (mussel shell powder), along with varying percentages of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) additives, on the performance of porous asphalt mixtures. Asphalt mixtures' Marshall Stability and Flow were examined with LDPE percentages of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. Results highlighted that the choice of filler and LDPE content significantly influences the mixture's stability and flow. A shift from 100% stone ash to 50% mussel shell powder resulted in a slight decrease in stability for 0% and 2% LDPE. In contrast, the stability was notably higher for 4% and 6% LDPE, including the alternative filler. Mixtures with 100% stone ash exhibited increased flow values with rising LDPE concentrations, while mixtures with 100% mussel shell powder showed an opposite trend. Furthermore, mixtures containing mussel powder generally had higher flow values than those with stone ash at similar LDPE percentages. The study underscores the intricate relationship between filler types and LDPE additives in influencing the properties of asphalt mixtures. These findings pave the way for the potential use of alternative fillers in asphalt mixtures, emphasizing the importance of understanding material interactions for optimal pavement design.

The Development of Sustainable Polyoxymethylene (POM)-Based Composites by the Introduction of Natural Fillers and Melt Blending with Poly(lactic acid)-PLA

The conducted study was focused on the development of a new type of technical blend reinforced with natural fillers. The study was divided into two parts, where, in the first stage of the research, unmodified POM was reinforced with different types of natural fillers: cellulose, wood flour, and husk particles. In order to select the type of filler intended for further modification, the mechanical characteristics were assessed. The 20% wood flour (WF) filler system was selected as the reinforcement. The second stage of research involved the use of a combination of polyoxymethylene POM and poly(lactic acid) PLA. The POM/PLA blend (ratio 50/50%) was modified with an elastomeric compound (EBA) and chain extender as the compatibilized reactive (CE). The microscopic analysis revealed that for the POM/PLA system, the filler–matrix interface is characterized by better wettability, which might suggest higher adhesion. The mechanical performance revealed that for POM/PLA-based composites, the properties were very close to the results for POM-WF composites; however, there is still a significant difference in thermal resistance in favor of POM-based materials. The increase in thermomechanical properties for POM/PLA composites occurs after heat treatment. The increasing crystallinity of the PLA phase allows for a significant increase in the heat deflection temperature (HDT), even above 125 °C.

Influence of Gamma-Phase Aluminum Oxide Nanopowder and Polyester-Glass Recyclate Filler on the Destruction Process of Composite Materials Reinforced by Glass Fiber.

Recycling of composite materials is an important global issue due to the wide use of these materials in many industries. Waste management options are being explored. Mechanical recycling is one of the methods that allows obtaining polyester-glass recyclate in powder form as a result of appropriate crushing and grinding of waste. Due to the fact that the properties of composites can be easily modified by adding various types of fillers and nanofillers, this is one of the ways to improve the properties of such complex composite materials. This article presents the strength parameters of composites with the addition of fillers in the form of polyester-glass recyclate and a nanofiller in the form of gamma-phase aluminum nanopowder. To analyze the obtained results, Kolmogorov-Sinai (K-S) metric entropy was used to determine the transition from the elastic to the viscoelastic state in materials without and with the addition of nanoaluminum, during a static tensile test. The tests included samples with the addition of fillers and nanofillers, as well as a base sample without any additives. The article presents the strength parameters obtained from a testing machine during a static tensile test. Additionally, the acoustic emission method was used during the research. Thanks to which, graphs of the effective value of the electrical signal (RMS) were prepared as a function of time, the parameters were previously identified as extremely useful for analyzing the destruction process of composite materials. The values obtained from the K-S metric entropy method and the acoustic emission method were plotted on sample stretching graphs. The influence of the nanofiller and filler on these parameters was also analyzed. The presented results showed that the aluminum nanoadditive did not increase the strength parameters of the composite with recyclate as a result of the addition of aluminum nanofiller; however, its addition influenced the operational parameters, which is reflected in a 5% increase in the UTS value (from 55% to 60%).